Umbuso Ohlangeneyo

Umbuso Ohlangeneyo (isiNgisi: United Kingdom) izwe laseYurophu. Uqukatha amazwe lezi: INgilandi, ISikotilandi, IWelisi, I-Ayilendi.

Umbuso Ohlangeneyo
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Isaga wesizwe: Dieu et mon droit

Inkondlo yesizwe: God Save the King^{[note 1]}

Izilimi

isiNgisi,^[1]^[2] isiAyilendi Gaeilge]], isiKoshi sase-Ulster Ulstèr-Scotch, Scottish Gaelic, isiKoshi Gàidhlig, isiWelisi Cymraeg, isiKornishi Kernowek^[3]

Amaqembu wesiko

92.1% White
4.0% South Asian
2.0% Black
1.2% Mixed
0.4% Chinese
0.4% Other^[4]

IDemonimi

amaNgisi

Isiqongo

ILondon

Ilathithudi

51N

Ilongithudi

0

Idolobha elikhulu

ILondon

Uhulumeni

Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Umholi nobukhosi

Charles III

Ungqongqoshe phezulu

Keir Starmer

Ubungako bendawo

243,610 km²

Inani labantu
Lonke:
Ukuminyana:

58,789,194(2001)^[5]
255.6 ab./km²

GDP

$2.233 trillion^[6] (7th)

GDP per capita

$35,646^[6] (22nd)

GDP nominal

$2.472 trillion^[6]

GDP nominal per capita

$39,459^[6] (22nd)

HDI

0.863^[7] (28th)

HDI category

very high

Gini

41^[8]

IMali

Pound sterling (GBP)

Indawo yesikathi

GMT (UTC +0)

Ukushayela

Ukunxele

Inamba wucingo

+44

e1707 "Acts of Union" uhlanganisa amazwe iNgilandi nosiKotilandi.^[9]^[10]^{[note 2]}^[11] Igama "Umbuso Ohlangeneyo" ukusebenzisa ekhulunyaka yishumi nesishiyagalombili.^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15] Igama "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" angeniswile e1927 nga-"Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act" ukunikela ukuzimela waFleyistata Ayilandi e1922.^[16] Ushiya i-Ayilandi Senyakatho izwe kuphela esiqhingi, ukuhlanganyela wUmbuso Ohlangeneyo.

Abantu nguNeolithiki abazinza iminyaka yinkulungwane ngamashumi amathathu kade.^[17] Ekupheleni ikhathi udaladala, abantu bahlangene naqembu bambiza Insular Celtic, uqukatha Brythonic Britain no-i-Ayilendi Geyilikhi.^[18] Emva kwaNhlaselo iRhomani, uqala 43 AD, nombuso iminyaka amakhulu okune (rule of southern Britain), inhlaselo isiJalimani (Anglo-Saxon).^[19] Ingilandi wAnglo-Saxon uhlanganisa ungUmbuso iNgilandi ekhulunyaka yisishiyagalolunye.^[20] Okwamanje, abantu Geyilikhi esiKotilandi senyakatho (nokuhlangana e-Ayilendi impumalanga nenyakatho)^[21]^[22] bahlanganisa namaPikithi ukudala Umbuso isiKotilandi.^[23]

e-1066, amasefulansi bangena iNgilandi.^[24]^[25] Amakhosi isiNgisi banqoba iWelisi, bafeyila ukubanqoba isiKotilandi. Amakhosi isiNgisi, bamukela amaiziqithi eFulansi, namalungelo lobukhosi, pho balwa eFulansi, empi ngu-Impi Iminyaka Kakhulu.^[26]

Ukuqhatha wemkolo ngenxa ya-Reformation nokungenisa wenkolo iProtestant.^[27] IWelisi ukaka ngemibuso engilandi.^[28] I-Ayilandi umbuso womshado yinskosana isiNgisi.^[29] e-1603, imibuso wengilandi, wesiKotilandi no-Ayilandi bahlangana womshado ngenxa yaJames VI, King of Scots.

[1]
"direct.gov.uk" http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012519 Archived 2012-10-15 at the UK Government Web Archive Directgov: English language – Government, citizens and rights | Directgov | 23 August 2011
[2]
"thecommonwealth.org">http://www.thecommonwealth.org/YearbookHomeInternal/139560 Commonwealth Secretariat – UK | Commonwealth Secretariat | 23 August 2011
[3]
Under the Council of Europe's European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, the Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish, Irish, Scots and its regional variant Ulster Scots are officially recognised as Regional or Minority languages by the UK Government for the purposes of the Charter. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/ArtsCulture/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter%7Ctitle=European%5Bdead+link%5D Charter for Regional or Minority Languages| publisher=Scottish Government |accessdate=11 December 2010
[4]
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D6588.xls{{dead^{[dead link]} link|date=December 2011 |title=United Kingdom population by ethnic group |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=1 April 2001 United Kingdom Census 2001 |accessdate=15 April 2009 |format=XLS
[5]
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/pop2001/united_kingdom.asp | Census 2001: Population estimates | Office for National Statistics | 21 April 2011
[6]
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=112&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=25&pr.y=6 |title=United Kingdom | International Monetary Fund | April | 2011 | 8 May 2011
[7]
http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf%7Ctitle=Human Archived 2021-08-30 at the Wayback Machine. Development Report 2011|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2011-11-02}}
[8]
http://www.poverty.org.uk/09/index.shtml Archived 2011-04-26 at the Wayback Machine. |title =Income inequalities |publisher=The Poverty Site |accessdate =21 April 2011}}
[9]
http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html Archived 2019-05-27 at the Wayback Machine. Treaty of Union, 1706 scotshistoryonline.co.uk 23 August 2011
[10]
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LYc1tSYonrQC&pg=PA165#v=onepage&q&f=false Constitutional & Administrative Law p165 Barnett, Hilaire | Jago, Robert | 8th edition 2011 9780415563017 Routledge, Abingdon | 5 July 2011
[11]
Bamber Gascoigne. "History of Great Britain (from 1707)". History World. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 18 July 2011.
[12]
http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/ | Acts of Union 1707 | parliament.uk | 21 July 2011
[13]
http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/visitingHolyrood/union_exhibition.pdf | Making the Act of Union 1707 | scottish.parliament.uk | 21 July 2011
[14]
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/7327029.stm England – Profile | BBC | 21 July 2011 | 10 February 2011
[15]
http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html Archived 2011-05-15 at the Wayback Machine. | The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 | Historical Association | 21 July 2011
[16]
The Irish Civil War 1922–23 | Cottrell, P. | 2008 | 85 | 1846032709
[17]
"Ancient skeleton was 'even older'". BBC News. 30 October 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
[18]
Celtic culture: A historical encyclopedia | p973 | Koch, John T. | 9781851094400 | 2006 | ABC-CLIO | Santa Barbara, CA
[19]
The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales | 2008 | University of Wales Press | Cardiff | 9780708319536 | p915}}
[20]
Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website
[21]
Mackie, J.D. | A History of Scotland | London | Penguin | 1991 | 9780140136494 | p18–19
[22]
Campbell, Ewan | Saints and Sea-kings: The First Kingdom of the Scots | Canongate | Edinburgh | 1999 | 0-86241-874-7 | p8–15
[23]
Christopher Haigh | The Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland | Cambridge University Press | 1990 | p30 | 9780521395526
[24]
Feudalism | Ganshof, F.L. | p165 | 9780802071583 | University of Toronto | 1996
[25]
The debate on the Norman Conquest | p115–122 | Chibnall, Marjorie | 1999 | Manchester University Press | 9780719049132
[26]
Keen, Maurice. "The Hundred Years War". BBC History.
[27]
The Reformation in England and Scotland and Ireland: The Reformation Period & Ireland under Elizabth I, Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
[28]
"British History in Depth – Wales under the Tudors". BBC History. 5 November 2009. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 21 September 2010.
[29]
Nicholls, Mark (1999). A history of the modern British Isles, 1529–1603: The two kingdoms. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 171–172. ISBN 9780631193340.

IYurophu
IYurophu laseMpumalanga	IBelarusi • IBulgariya • ITsheki • IHungariya • IMoldova • IPolandi • IRomaniya • IRashiya • ISlovaki • I-Yukreyini	IYurophu laseNyakatho	IDenimaki • I-Estoniya • IFinlandi • IGernseyi • I-Ayisilandi • I-Ayilendi • ILatviya • ILithuwaniya • INoki • ISwidi • Umbuso Ohlangeneyo
IYurophu laseNingizimu	I-Albaniya • I-Andora • IBhosniya neHerzegovina • IKrowati • IGreki • ITaliya • IMakedoniya • IMalta • IMontenegro • IPhothugali • USanti Marino • ISerbiya • ISloveniya • ISpeyini • Indolobha yaseVathikhani	IYurophu laseNtshonalanga	I-Ostriya • IBheljiya • IFulansi • IJalimani • ILitenisteni • ILakisembagi • IMonako • Netherlands • ISwisi
I-Eshiya laseNtshonalanga	I-Armeniya • I-Azerbajani • IKhupro • IJorjia • ITheki	I-Eshiya laPhakathi	IKazakhistani

[2] [1]
"direct.gov.uk" http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012519 Archived 2012-10-15 at the UK Government Web Archive Directgov: English language – Government, citizens and rights | Directgov | 23 August 2011

[3] [2]
"thecommonwealth.org">http://www.thecommonwealth.org/YearbookHomeInternal/139560 Commonwealth Secretariat – UK | Commonwealth Secretariat | 23 August 2011

[4] [3]
Under the Council of Europe's European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, the Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish, Irish, Scots and its regional variant Ulster Scots are officially recognised as Regional or Minority languages by the UK Government for the purposes of the Charter. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/ArtsCulture/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter%7Ctitle=European%5Bdead+link%5D Charter for Regional or Minority Languages| publisher=Scottish Government |accessdate=11 December 2010

[5] [4]
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D6588.xls{{dead^{[dead link]} link|date=December 2011 |title=United Kingdom population by ethnic group |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=1 April 2001 United Kingdom Census 2001 |accessdate=15 April 2009 |format=XLS

[6] [5]
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/pop2001/united_kingdom.asp | Census 2001: Population estimates | Office for National Statistics | 21 April 2011

[imf2-7] [6]
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=112&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=25&pr.y=6 |title=United Kingdom | International Monetary Fund | April | 2011 | 8 May 2011

[8] [7]
http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf%7Ctitle=Human Archived 2021-08-30 at the Wayback Machine. Development Report 2011|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2011-11-02}}

[9] [8]
http://www.poverty.org.uk/09/index.shtml Archived 2011-04-26 at the Wayback Machine. |title =Income inequalities |publisher=The Poverty Site |accessdate =21 April 2011}}

[10] [9]
http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html Archived 2019-05-27 at the Wayback Machine. Treaty of Union, 1706 scotshistoryonline.co.uk 23 August 2011

[11] [10]
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LYc1tSYonrQC&pg=PA165#v=onepage&q&f=false Constitutional & Administrative Law p165 Barnett, Hilaire | Jago, Robert | 8th edition 2011 9780415563017 Routledge, Abingdon | 5 July 2011

[13] [11]
Bamber Gascoigne. "History of Great Britain (from 1707)". History World. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 18 July 2011.

[14] [12]
http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/ | Acts of Union 1707 | parliament.uk | 21 July 2011

[15] [13]
http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/visitingHolyrood/union_exhibition.pdf | Making the Act of Union 1707 | scottish.parliament.uk | 21 July 2011

[16] [14]
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/7327029.stm England – Profile | BBC | 21 July 2011 | 10 February 2011

[17] [15]
http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html Archived 2011-05-15 at the Wayback Machine. | The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 | Historical Association | 21 July 2011

[18] [16]
The Irish Civil War 1922–23 | Cottrell, P. | 2008 | 85 | 1846032709

[19] [17]
"Ancient skeleton was 'even older'". BBC News. 30 October 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2011.

[20] [18]
Celtic culture: A historical encyclopedia | p973 | Koch, John T. | 9781851094400 | 2006 | ABC-CLIO | Santa Barbara, CA

[21] [19]
The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales | 2008 | University of Wales Press | Cardiff | 9780708319536 | p915}}

[Short_Athelstan_biography_on_the_BBC_History_website-22] [20]
Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website

[23] [21]
Mackie, J.D. | A History of Scotland | London | Penguin | 1991 | 9780140136494 | p18–19

[24] [22]
Campbell, Ewan | Saints and Sea-kings: The First Kingdom of the Scots | Canongate | Edinburgh | 1999 | 0-86241-874-7 | p8–15

[25] [23]
Christopher Haigh | The Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland | Cambridge University Press | 1990 | p30 | 9780521395526

[26] [24]
Feudalism | Ganshof, F.L. | p165 | 9780802071583 | University of Toronto | 1996

[27] [25]
The debate on the Norman Conquest | p115–122 | Chibnall, Marjorie | 1999 | Manchester University Press | 9780719049132

[28] [26]
Keen, Maurice. "The Hundred Years War". BBC History.

[29] [27]
The Reformation in England and Scotland and Ireland: The Reformation Period & Ireland under Elizabth I, Encyclopædia Britannica Online.

[BBC_Tudors-30] [28]
"British History in Depth – Wales under the Tudors". BBC History. 5 November 2009. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 21 September 2010.

[31] [29]
Nicholls, Mark (1999). A history of the modern British Isles, 1529–1603: The two kingdoms. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 171–172. ISBN 9780631193340.

[note 1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[note 2]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

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Notes

References