Umkholezima
uchungechunge lwemigidingo yomsebenzi / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kumchazazibalo nakwinzululwazi yesicikizi, umkholezima lunguchungechunge olunomkhawulo lwemiyalezo enembile, evame ukusetshenziswa ukuxazulula izinkinga eziqondile noma ukwenza umcikizo. Imikholezima isetshenziswa njengeziqondiso zokwenza uqaqululo nokudludlunga imininingo. Imikholezima ethe thuthu ingenza izisuso ezihlelelekiwe (ezibizwa ngokuthi inhluzo ehleleliwe) futhi ingasebenzisa njengezivivinyo zomchazazibalo ne-logic ukuphambukisa ukugunundwa komkitizo ngemigudu ehlukene (okubhekiselwa kuyo ngokuthi ukuthatha isigqibo okuhlelekiwe). Ukusebenzisa izici zabantu njengezichazisi zezinguxa ngokomfanekiso noma ukungathekisa kwakuyinto eyayenziwa ngu-Alan Turing ngokusebenzisa amabizo afana nokuthi "inkumbulo", "ukuphequlula" nelithi "imvusi".
Ngokuphambene, insobozelo (heuristic) iwuhlobo lwendlela yokuxazulula izinkinga engacacisiwe ngokuphelele noma engaqinisekise ukuba neziphumo ezingqanda noma ezinembile, ikakhulu ezidlangaleni zezinkinga lapho kungekho khona iziphumo ezingqanda noma ezinembile ezichasiswe kahle.[1]
Njengendlelasu ephumelelayo, umkholezima ungavezwa ngesamba samazwi esinomkhawulo somkhathi nesikhathi,[2] kanye nangolimi olusemthethweni oluchasiswe [3] ukuze kuqaqululwe insebenzo yomchazazibalo.[4] Kusukela esimweni esiyisileke nasegalelweni lokuqala,[5] imiyalezo izochazisa umcikizo ozothi lapho ugunundwa, uqhubeke ngokwenani elinomkhawulo [6] lezimo ezichasiswe khake eziwuchunge, kuze kube yilapho ukhiqiza "isphumo" [7] futhi ukhawuka esimweni sokugcina esiphelayo . Ushintsho kusuka esimweni esithile kuya kwesilandelayo alunqunyelwe; eminye imikholezima, eyaziwa ngokuthi imikholezima ethukelayo, ihlanganisa igalelo lokwethukela.[8]