Inzululwazi
Isigabavu esihleliwe sokuzuza ulwazi / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Inzululwazi iyisigabavu esihleliwe nendlela yokuzuza lonke ulwazi olungaba khona emhlabeni nakumkhathilibe wonke. Kwinzululwazi kukhona izindlela zokuhlela izincazelo ezivivinyayo nokubikezela ngomkhathi. [1] [2] Kubalulekile kakhulu kwinzululwazi ukuba imiphumela yezivivinyo nocwaningo kube eqinisekiswe osonzululwazi abaningi ukuze amaqiniso ayo angaphuma odwa kuvezwa amaphutha. Kwencikene kakhulu nokusizana kuhlanganwe.
Izimpande zokuqala zenzululwazi ziseGibhithe lasendulo naseMesopotamiya kusukela cishe ngowezi-3500 kuya ku-3000 BCE.[3] [4] Amagalelo abo kwezomchazazibalo, ezomchazamkhathi, kanye nezokwelapha angena futhi abumba iFilosofi yemvelo yamaGreki yenkathi yakudala, okuyilapho kwenziwa khona imizamo emisiwe yokuqhamuka nezincazelo ezisekelwe emsukeni ongokwemvelo wezinto ezenzeka endaweni ebonwa ngamehlo. Ngemuva kokuwa koMbuso oseNtshonalanga WaseRoma, ulwazi lwemiqondo yamaGrikhi ngomhlaba lwehla eNtshonalanga Yurophu phakathi neminyaka engamakhulu amane yokuqala (eyama-400 kuya kwe-1000 CE) weNkathi Ephakathi [5] kepha lwalondolozwa emazweni obuSulumane ngesikhathi se- nkathi yokuChuma kobuSulumane. [6] Ukubuyiselwa nokuhlanganiswa kwemisebenzi yamaGrikhi nemibuzo yamaSulumane eNtshonalanga Yurophu kusuka ngekhulu le-10 kuye le-13 kwavuselela "iFilosofi yemvelo", [7] kamuva eyaguqulwa yinguquko yenzululwazi eyaqala ngekhulu le-16 [8] njengoba amasu amasha kanye nokusanda-kufunyanwa kwayishiya imiqondo namasiko wamaGrikhi kwangaphambili. [9] [10] [11] [12] Indlela-su yenzululwazi ngokushesha yadlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kolwazi futhi kuze kwaba ngekhulu lam-19 lapho izici eziningi zezikhungo nokucwephesha zenzululwazi ezaqala ukwakheka; [13] [14] [15] kanye nokushintshwa "kwefilosofi yemvelo" kube isayensi yemvelo. [16]
Inzululwazi yanamuhla ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe yaba amagatsha amathathu amakhulu aqukethe inzululwazi yemvelo (isib, umchazampilo, umchazatho, kanye nomchazandalo), efunda imvelo ngomqondo obanzi; inzululwazi yezenhlalo (isib, Ezomnotho, ezengqondo, kanye nezenhlalo), ezifunda abantu ngabanye nemiphakathi; kanye nesayensi ehlelekile (isib. umhluzaqondo, umchazazibalo, kanye nesayensi yesiCikizi semibhalo), ephathelene nezimpawu ezilawulwa yimithetho. Kodwa kukhona ukungaboni ngaso linye, [17] [18] ekutheni inzululwazi ehlelekile empeleni yakha inzululwazi njengoba ingasekelwe ebufakazini obungcwetile. [19] Imikhakha esebenzisa ulwazi olukhona lwenzululwazi ngezinjongo ezisebenzayo, enjengomNgcikisho, ezokwelapha, zichazwa njengenzululwazi esetshenziswayo. [20] [21] [22] [23]
Ulwazi olusha lwenzululwazi luthuthukiswa ucwaningo losonzululwazi abagqugquzelwa ilukuluku ngokuphathelene nomhlaba kanye nayisifiso sokuxazulula izinkinga. Ucwaningo lwenzululwazi lwanamuhla lwenziwa ngokubambisana okukhulu futhi luvame ukuqhutshwa amathimba akwezemfundo, izikhungo zokucwaninga, izikhungo zikahulumeni nezinkampani. Umthelela osebenzayo ocwaningweni lwenzululwazi uholele ekuqubukeni kwezinqubomgomo zesayensi ezifuna ukuthonya umhwebo wenzulukeazi ngokubeka phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yezentengiso, izikhali, ukunakekela impilo, futhiukuvikelwa kwemvelo.