Ingono
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Ezilwaneni ezincelisayo, ingono (ebizwa nangokuthi i-mammary papilla noma umsele ) ukubonakala okuncane kwesikhumba okuqukethe izitolo zamapayipi ama-lactiferous ayi-15 kuya kwezi-20 ahlelwe ngokuzungeza ithiphu. Marsupial futhi ezincelisayo eutherian ngokuvamile anenombolo ngisho izingono ahlelwe bilaterally, kusukela abambalwa njengoba 2 abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka 19.
Isikhumba ingono amumethe wangaphela ekhethekile izinzwa ukuthi ebucayi ezintweni ezithile yilezi: lawa kancane-ukujwayeza kanye nokuthumela ngokushesha-ukujwayeza cutaneous mechanoreceptors.Ama-Mechanoreceptors akhonjwa ngokulandelana ngohlobo Ngiguqula kancane kancane ngezitho zokuphela eziningi zeMerkel corpuscle no Type II ukuzivumelanisa kancane nezitho zokuphela ze-Ruffini corpuscle, kanye nohlobo Ngiguqula ngokushesha izitho eziningi zokuphela ze-Meissner corpuscle no Type II ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezitho zokugcina zomzimba wePacinian .Ukunikezwa kwezinzwa okuvelele engonweni kuvela emagatsheni aqhekekile asemaceleni enzwa yesine ye-intercostal. [1]Ingono isetshenziswa futhi njengophawu lomumo womzimba.Imaka i-T4 (i-vertebra yesine ye-thoracic) yesikhumba futhi ihlala phezu kwezinga elilinganiselwe le-diaphragm.
Ukunikezwa kwemithambo yengono nasesibeleni kuvela emagatsheni angaphakathi angaphakathi emithanjeni yangaphakathi ye-thoracic (mammary); umthambo wesifuba oseceleni; nemithambo ye-thoracodorsal.Imithambo yegazi ifana nemithambo yegazi. Amapayipi e-lymphatic aconsa ingono ayafana nesifubaAma-axillary node angama-axicalary node, iqembu le-lateral neqembu langaphambili.5% we-lymph ukhanywa ngezindawo ezingama-axillary lymph node eziseduze nomakhwapheni. Wonke amanye amanzi ashiya ingono nesifuba ngokusebenzisa ama-infroclavicular, pectoral, noma ama-parasternal node.
Njengoba izingono zishintsha phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ukwakheka kwengono kungashintsha futhi lolu shintsho lungalindelwa futhi lubhekwe njengokujwayelekile.
Cishe zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zinezingono.Kungani abesilisa benengono bekuyindaba yocwaningo lwesayensi.Umehluko phakathi kobulili (obubizwa ngokuthi i- dimorphism yezocansi ) ngaphakathi kohlobo olunikeziwe kubhekwa ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo ikakhulu njengomphumela wokukhethwa kocansi, ngqo noma ngokungaqondile.Kukhona ukuvumelana ukuthi ingono yesilisa ikhona ngoba ayikho inzuzo ethile kwabesilisa abalahlekelwa yisici (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi- spandrel ). [2]