INguqulo yeziMboni yesine
umthambeko wamanje wenhleleleko nokunanana ngemininingo kwezobuchwepheshe zokukhiqiza / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
INguquko yesiNe yeziMboni, 4IR, [1] icabangisisa ushintsho olusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe, izimboni, nezifanelo zomphakathi kanye nezinqubo ekhulwini lama-21 ngenxa yokwanda kokuxhumana kanye nehleleleko esithatha. Leli gama lisetshenziswa kabanzi ezincwadini zenzululwazi, futhi ngowezi-2015 ladunyiswa ngu-Klaus Schwab, umsunguli nosihlalo wesiDlangala sezoMnotho soMhlaba (The World Economic Forum). U-Schwab wagamela ngokuthi izinguquko esizibonayo zingaphezu kokuthuthukiswa ukuze sisebenze kahle, kodwa ziveza ukugudluka okuphawulekayo kwezobugombelakwesakhe bezemboni.
Ingxenye yalesigaba soshintsho lwezimboni ukuhlanganiswa kwezobuchwepheshe ezifana nohlakahlisombulu, ukuhlela izifuzisi (gene editing), kuya kwezezithununu ezithuthukisiwe ezifiphaza umehluko phakathi kwezwe loqobo, lwezezibhangqiwe, nelemvelo.
Kukho konke lokhu, ukugudluka okuyisisekelo okwenzekayo endleleni uxhoxho lokukhiqiza nokuhlinzeka lomhlaba eligidinga ngayo ngokuhlelelekwa okuqhubekayo kwezindlela zokukhiqiza nokukhanda zakuqala, kusetshenziswa ezobuchwepheshe ezintwesi zanamuhla, ukuxhumana kwezinga elikhulu kwenguxa-nenguxa (M2M), kanye noxhakaxholo lwezinto (IoT). Lokhu kuhlayizwa kube nomphumela wukukhula kwenhleleleko, ukuthuthuka kwezokuxhumana nokuzalusa-siqu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinguxa ezintwesi ezikwazi ukuhlaziya nokuxilonga izindaba ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungenela komuntu.
Kuphinde kumelele ugudluko lomphakathi, umbusazwe nomnotho kusuka enkathini yezezibhangqiwe yasekupheleni kweminyaka ye-1990 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yezi-2000 kuya enkathini yoxhumano olufakelelwe oluhlukaniswa ukusebenza-ndawozonke (omni-use) nokufana kokusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe emphakathini wonke (e.g. a metaverse) okuguqula izindlela abantu abangcwetha ngayo futhi bazuze nolwazi lwezwe elibazungezile. Kuphakamisa ukuthi sesidale futhi sisengena kwinGempela lomphakathi elojotshelelwe (augmented social reality) uma liqhathaniswa nokuzwa okungokwemvelo namakhono wezimboni wabantu kukodwa.