让森奖章

让森奖章（法語：Médaille Janssen）是由法国科学院颁发的天体物理学奖项，奖励那些取得重要进展的天文学家。^[1]

让森奖章不同于法国天文学会的年度奖项朱尔·让森奖（1897年设立），而它们都以法国天文学家皮埃尔·让森（即朱尔·让森）的名字命名。

1886年，让森奖章设立。1887年首次颁奖，评选委员会决定将第一枚奖章授予德国物理学家古斯塔夫·基尔霍夫，表彰他在光谱科学上的工作。然而，基尔霍夫在1887年10月13日去世，此时距奖项公布还有数月。委员会没有再选择新的获奖者，而在1887年12月26日的学院会议上宣布将奖章放在基尔霍夫的墓碑上，“至高荣誉以纪念这位海德堡的伟大学者”。^[2]

让森奖章原计划每两年颁发一次，但1888年颁奖后，于1889年再次颁奖。Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences 1889年卷的一则声明澄清说，该奖项在前七年每年颁发一次，从1894年开始改为双年颁发。^[3]

1887 - 古斯塔夫·基尔霍夫^[4] (追授)
1888 - 威廉·哈金斯^[5]
1889 - 约瑟夫·诺曼·洛克耶
1890 - Charles Augustus Young^[6]
1891 - 若尔日·拉叶
1892 - Pietro Tacchini^[7]
1893 - 塞缪尔·兰利^[8]
1894 - 乔治·埃勒里·海尔
1896 - Henri Deslandres
1898 - Aristarkh Belopolsky
1900 - 爱德华·爱默生·巴纳德
1902 - Aymar de la Baume Pluvinel
1904 - Aleksey Pavlovitch Hansky
1905 - Gaston Millochau (银质镀金奖章)^[9]
1906 - 安尼巴莱·里科
1908 - Pierre Puiseux
1910 - 威廉·华莱士·坎贝尔
1912 - 阿尔弗雷德·佩罗
1914 - 勒内·雅里-德洛热^[10]
1916 - 夏尔·法布里^[11]
1918 - Stanislas Chevalier^[12]
1920 - 威廉·科布伦茨^[13]
1922 - 卡尔·斯特默^[14]
1924 - George Willis Ritchey^[15]
1926 - Francisco Miranda da Costa Lobo
1928 - William Hammond Wright^[16]
1930 - 贝尔纳·费迪南·李奥
1932 - Alexandre Dauvillier
1934 - 沃尔特·亚当斯^[17]
1936 - 亨利·诺利斯·罗素^[18]
1938 - 贝蒂儿·林德布拉德
1940 - 哈洛·沙普利
1943 - Lucien Henri d'Azambuja
1944 - Jean Rösch
1946 - 扬·奥尔特
1949 - Daniel Chalonge
1952 - 安德烈·库代
1955 - 奥托·斯特鲁维^[19]
1956 - 维克托·安巴楚勉^[20]
1958 - 安德烈·拉勒曼德
1961 - 波尔·斯温斯^[21]
1964 - Jean-François Denisse^[22]
1967 - 本特·斯特龙根^[23]
1970 - Gérard Wlérick^[24]
1973 - Lucienne Devan^[25] (银质镀金奖章)^[26]
1976 - 保罗·勒杜^[27]
1979 - Jean Delhaye^[28]
1982 - Georges Michaud^[29]
1985 - Pierre Lacroute^[30]
1988 - 洛德韦克·沃尔彻.^[31]
1990 - Pierre Charvin^[30]
1992 - 亨德里克·C·范德胡斯特^[30]
1994 - Serge Koutchmy^[32]
1999 - Jean-Marie Mariotti
2003 - Gilbert Vedrenne
2007 - Bernard Fort^[33]
2011 - 弗朗索瓦·米尼亚尔^[34]

列表截止到2011年。

[1]
Les Prix Thematiques en Sciences de l'Univers. French Academy of Sciences website. [2011-01-23]. （原始内容存档于2009-11-24）.
[2]
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1887), pp.1322-1323. The French phrase partially translated here is: "L'Académie voudra donner à la mémoire du grand savant d'Heidelberg ce suprême hommage, qui sera une première consécration de sa gloire et une consolation pour sa famille."
[3]
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1889), pp.1095-1096
[4]
Prizes of the French Academy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Ralph E. Wilson, General Notes, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 21, 1913, pp.383-385. This gives all the Janssen Medal awards between 1887 and 1912 that were known to US astronomer Ralph E. Wilson (1886-1960) the author of the note.
[5]
Huggins, Sir William (1824–1910), Barbara J. Becker, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 23 Jan 2011
[6]
Charles Augustus Young （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, John M. Poor, Popular Astronomy, vol. 16 (1908), pp.218-230. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 229.
[7]
Pietro Tacchini （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Hector MacPherson, Jr., Popular Astronomy, vol. 13 (1905), pp.306-308. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 308.
[8]
Award of the JANSSEN Prize to Dr. LANGLEY （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 6 (1894), No. 34, p.66
[9]
The 1905 statement in Comptes rendus relating to this award stated that the gold medal award would be made in 1906, but that an award of a silver medal would be made in 1905 to Gaston Millochau. See the 1905 volumes of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences.
[10]
Jarry‐Desloges, René^{[永久失效連結]}, Patrick Fuentes, The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 2007, Part 10, 589-590, doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_714
[11]
General Notes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 25, 1917, p.214-216. The Janssen Medal is mentioned on page 215, along with a note about two silver medals awarded to Fabry's colleagues at the Marseilles Observatory, Henri Buisson and Henry Bourget.
[12]
The citations for all these recipients are located in the corresponding issue of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences for the year of the award.
[13]
General Notes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 33, No. 192, pp.120-122 (1921). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 122.
[14]
Notes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, December 1922 issue, pp.476-478
[15]
General Notes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 36, No. 214, pp.360-363 (1924). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 362.
[16]
William Hammond Wright, 1871-1959 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Paul W. Merril, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 71 (1959), No. 421, p.305
[17]
Walter S. Adams, 1876-1956 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, F. J. M. Stratton, The Observatory, Vol. 76, p. 139-140 (1956)
[18]
RUSSELL, Henry Norris, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 23 Jan 2011
[19]
General Notes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 68, No. 400, pp.84-85 (1956)
[20]
存档副本. [2018-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-25）.
[21]
（法文） Pol Swings - Curriculum Vitae （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Fondation Francqui-Stichting website, accessed 24/01/2011
[22]
（法文） Jean-François Denisse （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011
[23]
Strömgren, Bengt Georg Daniel, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008), retrieved 26/01/2011 from Encyclopedia.com
[24]
（法文） Gérard Wlérick （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 28/01/2011
[25]
Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences: Sciences mathématiques, Volume 277, page 128 (1973)
[26]
The Comptes rendus citation refers to the award as a "médaille en vermeil" - i.e. the award was not a full gold medal.
[27]
Paul Ledoux (1914-1988) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, A. Noels, The Messenger, vol. 54, p.10 (1988)
[28]
J. Delhaye received the Prix Jules-César Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vie Acad., Tome 289, p. 95 (1979)
[29]
Observatory Reports: Université de Montréal （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 16, p.246 (1984)
[30]
存档副本 (PDF). [2015年2月4日]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015年2月4日）., Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)
[31]
（法文） Lodewijk Woltjer^{[永久失效連結]}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011
[32]
Serge Koutchmy received la médaille Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci., Sér. Gén., Vie Sci., Tome 11, No. 5, p. 412 (1994)
[33]
（法文） Laureats des Prix de l'Academie des Sciences en 2007 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011
[34]
（法文） Francois Mignard （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 03/05/2012

Les Prix Thematiques en Sciences de l'Univers, includes a description of the Janssen Medal (French Academy of Sciences) （法文）
Article and photograph on the presentation of the 2007 award to Bernard Fort (Paris Institute of Astrophysics) （法文）

[general-1] [1]
Les Prix Thematiques en Sciences de l'Univers. French Academy of Sciences website. [2011-01-23]. （原始内容存档于2009-11-24）.

[2] [2]
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1887), pp.1322-1323. The French phrase partially translated here is: "L'Académie voudra donner à la mémoire du grand savant d'Heidelberg ce suprême hommage, qui sera une première consécration de sa gloire et une consolation pour sa famille."

[3] [3]
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1889), pp.1095-1096

[Wilson-4] [4]
Prizes of the French Academy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Ralph E. Wilson, General Notes, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 21, 1913, pp.383-385. This gives all the Janssen Medal awards between 1887 and 1912 that were known to US astronomer Ralph E. Wilson (1886-1960) the author of the note.

[5] [5]
Huggins, Sir William (1824–1910), Barbara J. Becker, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 23 Jan 2011

[6] [6]
Charles Augustus Young （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, John M. Poor, Popular Astronomy, vol. 16 (1908), pp.218-230. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 229.

[7] [7]
Pietro Tacchini （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Hector MacPherson, Jr., Popular Astronomy, vol. 13 (1905), pp.306-308. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 308.

[8] [8]
Award of the JANSSEN Prize to Dr. LANGLEY （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 6 (1894), No. 34, p.66

[9] [9]
The 1905 statement in Comptes rendus relating to this award stated that the gold medal award would be made in 1906, but that an award of a silver medal would be made in 1905 to Gaston Millochau. See the 1905 volumes of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences.

[10] [10]
Jarry‐Desloges, René^{[永久失效連結]}, Patrick Fuentes, The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 2007, Part 10, 589-590, doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_714

[11] [11]
General Notes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 25, 1917, p.214-216. The Janssen Medal is mentioned on page 215, along with a note about two silver medals awarded to Fabry's colleagues at the Marseilles Observatory, Henri Buisson and Henry Bourget.

[Comptes_rendu-12] [12]
The citations for all these recipients are located in the corresponding issue of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences for the year of the award.

[13] [13]
General Notes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 33, No. 192, pp.120-122 (1921). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 122.

[14] [14]
Notes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, December 1922 issue, pp.476-478

[15] [15]
General Notes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 36, No. 214, pp.360-363 (1924). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 362.

[16] [16]
William Hammond Wright, 1871-1959 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Paul W. Merril, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 71 (1959), No. 421, p.305

[17] [17]
Walter S. Adams, 1876-1956 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, F. J. M. Stratton, The Observatory, Vol. 76, p. 139-140 (1956)

[18] [18]
RUSSELL, Henry Norris, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 23 Jan 2011

[19] [19]
General Notes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 68, No. 400, pp.84-85 (1956)

[20] [20]
存档副本. [2018-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-25）.

[21] [21]
（法文） Pol Swings - Curriculum Vitae （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Fondation Francqui-Stichting website, accessed 24/01/2011

[22] [22]
（法文） Jean-François Denisse （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011

[23] [23]
Strömgren, Bengt Georg Daniel, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008), retrieved 26/01/2011 from Encyclopedia.com

[24] [24]
（法文） Gérard Wlérick （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 28/01/2011

[25] [25]
Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences: Sciences mathématiques, Volume 277, page 128 (1973)

[26] [26]
The Comptes rendus citation refers to the award as a "médaille en vermeil" - i.e. the award was not a full gold medal.

[27] [27]
Paul Ledoux (1914-1988) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, A. Noels, The Messenger, vol. 54, p.10 (1988)

[28] [28]
J. Delhaye received the Prix Jules-César Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vie Acad., Tome 289, p. 95 (1979)

[29] [29]
Observatory Reports: Université de Montréal （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 16, p.246 (1984)

[#1-30] [30]
存档副本 (PDF). [2015年2月4日]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015年2月4日）., Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)

[31] [31]
（法文） Lodewijk Woltjer^{[永久失效連結]}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011

[32] [32]
Serge Koutchmy received la médaille Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci., Sér. Gén., Vie Sci., Tome 11, No. 5, p. 412 (1994)

[33] [33]
（法文） Laureats des Prix de l'Academie des Sciences en 2007 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011

[34] [34]
（法文） Francois Mignard （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 03/05/2012

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让森奖章

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历史

获奖者列表

参考资料

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