薯蓣目

薯蓣目（学名：Dioscoreales）在現代的植物分類系統（英语：list of systems of plant classification）（例如：被子植物种系发生学组及被子植物親緣分類網（英语：Angiosperm Phylogeny Web）等）是被子植物单子叶植物的一目。同屬類百合單子葉植物（英语：lilioid monocots），本目物種與露兜树目物種是姐妹群關係。

薯蓣目 化石时期：116–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N 白垩纪 - 現代
浆果薯蓣（Dioscorea communis）
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	单子叶植物 Monocots
目：	薯蓣目 Dioscoreales Mart.[1][2][3]
模式種
Dioscorea villosa L.
科
水玉簪科 Burmanniaceae Blume (45)[4] 薯蓣科 Dioscoreaceae R.Br. (46) 纳茜菜科 Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon (44)
異名
Burmanniales Heintze Nartheciales Reveal & Zomlefer Taccales Dumortier Tamales Dumortier Dioscoreanae Reveal & Doweld Burmanniidae Heintze

現時本目包括有三個科、22個属和850個物种。

分类

1981年的克郎奎斯特系统并没有这一目，薯蓣科被归类于百合目。而1998年根据亲缘关系分类的APG 分类法中承认了这一目，包括五个科，后来在2003年经过修订的APG II 分类法中，调整合并为只包括三个科^[5][6]：

• 薯蓣科 Dioscoreaceae
• 水玉簪科 Burmanniaceae
• 纳茜菜科 Nartheciaceae

种系发生学

本目与其它单子叶植物各演化支的亲缘关系如下^[5][7]：

单子叶植物 Monocots	鸭跖草类 Commelinids       鸭跖草目 Commelinales     薑目 Zingiberales       禾本目 Poales       棕榈目 Arecales       天門冬目 Asparagales       百合目 Liliales         薯蓣目 Dioscoreales     露兜树目 Pandanales         无叶莲目 Petrosaviales       澤瀉目 Alismatales       菖蒲目 Acorales

^[8]

分佈及棲息地

本目物種分佈於全球除南极洲以外的各大洲。這些物種主要分佈於热带或亚热带，但有部分屬於薯蕷科及纳茜菜科的物種見於欧洲及北美洲較涼快的區域。

如同其他單子葉植物，本目物種可在地底形成貯存营养的器官，只有水玉簪科例外。水玉簪科是一種菌異營腐生植物，其物種完全沒有光合作用的能力。

参考文献

1. APG IV 2016.
2. Tropicos 2015，Dioscoreales Mart.
3. Martius 1835，Ordo 42. Dioscore R. Br. p. 9
4. LAPGIII 2009.
5. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2016-05, 181 (1). doi:10.1111/boj.12385 （英语）.
6. Dioscoreales （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. In Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 [and more or less continuously updated since].
7. Main Tree. Missouri Botanical Garden. [2022-08-08].
8. Gardening services. [2021-06-30]. （原始内容存档于2024-07-31）.

參考書目

文章及書本章節

• Bouman, F. Seed Structure and Systematics in Dioscoreales. : 139–156., In Rudall et al (1995)
• Caddick, LR; Rudall, PJ; Wilkin, P; Chase, MW. Yams and their allies: systematics of Dioscoreales. : 475–487., In Wilson & Morrison (2000)
  • Excerpts
• Caddick, Lizabeth R.; Rudall, Paula J.; Wilkin, Paul; Hedderson, Terry A. J.; Chase, Mark W., Phylogenetics of Dioscoreales based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, February 2002, 138 (2): 123–144, doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.138002123.x
• Caddick, Lizabeth R.; Wilkin, Paul; Rudall, Paula J.; Hedderson, Terry A. J.; Chase, Mark W., Yams Reclassified: A Recircumscription of Dioscoreaceae and Dioscoreales, Taxon, February 2002, 51 (1): 103, doi:10.2307/1554967
• Chase, Mark W.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Olmstead, Richard G.; Morgan, David; Les, Donald H.; Mishler, Brent D.; Duvall, Melvin R.; Price, Robert A.; Hills, Harold G.; Qiu, Yin-Long; Kron, Kathleen A.; Rettig, Jeffrey H.; Conti, Elena; Palmer, Jeffrey D.; Manhart, James R.; Sytsma, Kenneth J.; Michaels, Helen J.; Kress, W. John; Karol, Kenneth G.; Clark, W. Dennis; Hedren, Mikael; Gaut, Brandon S.; Jansen, Robert K.; Kim, Ki-Joong; Wimpee, Charles F.; Smith, James F.; Furnier, Glenn R.; Strauss, Steven H.; Xiang, Qui-Yun; Plunkett, Gregory M.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Swensen, Susan M.; Williams, Stephen E.; Gadek, Paul A.; Quinn, Christopher J.; Eguiarte, Luis E.; Golenberg, Edward; Learn, Gerald H.; Graham, Sean W.; Barrett, Spencer C. H.; Dayanandan, Selvadurai; Albert, Victor A. Phylogenetics of Seed Plants: An Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences from the Plastid Gene rbcL. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 1993, 80 (3): 528. doi:10.2307/2399846.
• Christenhusz, Maarten JM & Byng, J. W. The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa (Magnolia Press). 2016, 261 (3): 201–217 [2018-12-10]. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. （原始内容存档于2019-06-26）.
• Dahlgren, R. M. T. A revised system of classification of the angiosperms. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. February 1980, 80 (2): 91–124. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1980.tb01661.x.
• Haston, Elspeth; Richardson, James E.; Stevens, Peter F.; Chase, Mark W.; Harris, David J. The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009, 161 (2): 128–131. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01000.x.
• Hertweck, Kate L.; Kinney, Michael S.; Stuart, Stephanie A.; Maurin, Olivier; Mathews, Sarah; Chase, Mark W.; Gandolfo, Maria A.; Pires, J. Chris. Phylogenetics, divergence times and diversification from three genomic partitions in monocots. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. July 2015, 178 (3): 375–393. doi:10.1111/boj.12260. hdl:1959.14/356756.
• Huber, H. Die Samenmerkmale und Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Liliifloren. Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml.[Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München]. 1969, 8: 219–538 [10 February 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-11） （德语）.
• Merckx, V.; Schols, P.; Kamer, H. M.-v. d.; Maas, P.; Huysmans, S.; Smets, E. Phylogeny and evolution of Burmanniaceae (Dioscoreales) based on nuclear and mitochondrial data. American Journal of Botany. 1 November 2006, 93 (11): 1684–1698 [2018-12-10]. PMID 21642114. doi:10.3732/ajb.93.11.1684. （原始内容存档于2020-05-22）.
• Merckx, Vincent S. F. T.; Smets, Erik F., Thismia americana, the 101st Anniversary of a Botanical Mystery, International Journal of Plant Sciences, February 2014, 175 (2): 165–175, doi:10.1086/674315
• Merckx, Vincent; Bakker, Freek T.; Huysmans, Suzy; Smets, Erik. Bias and conflict in phylogenetic inference of myco-heterotrophic plants: a case study in Thismiaceae. Cladistics. February 2009, 25 (1): 64–77 [2018-12-10]. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00241.x. （原始内容存档于2017-08-30）.
• Merckx, V; Huysmans, S; Smets, EF. Cretaceous origins of mycoheterotrophic lineages in Dioscoreales (PDF). : 39–53 [2018-12-10]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-02-01）., In Seberg et al (2010)
• Schols, Peter; Furness, Carol A.; Merckx, Vincent; Wilkin, Paul; Smets, Erik. Comparative Pollen Development in Dioscoreales. International Journal of Plant Sciences. November 2005, 166 (6): 909–924 [2018-12-10]. doi:10.1086/449316. （原始内容存档于2020-05-22）.
• Seberg, Ole; Petersen, Gitte; Barfod, Anders; Davis, Jerrold I. (编). Diversity, phylogeny, and evolution in the Monocotyledons: proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons and the Fifth International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution. Århus: Aarhus University Press. 2010 [2018-12-10]. ISBN 978 87 7934 398 6. （原始内容存档于2015-05-10）.
• Thorne, R. F. Classification and geography of the flowering plants. The Botanical Review. 1992, 58 (3): 225–348. doi:10.1007/BF02858611.

書冊及論壇紀錄

• Bentham, G.; Hooker, J.D. Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita. London: L Reeve & Co. 1862–1883 [24 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-25） （拉丁语）.
• Dahlgren, Rolf; Clifford, H. T. The monocotyledons: A comparative study. London and New York: Academic Press. 1982.
• Dahlgren, R.M.; Clifford, H.T.; Yeo, P.F. The families of the monocotyledons. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 1985 [10 February 2014]. ISBN 978-3-642-64903-5.
• Eichler, August W. Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik 4th. Berlin: Borntraeger. 1886 [1876] （德语）.
• Engler, Adolf. Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien : eine Übersicht über das gesamte Pflanzensystem mit Berücksichtigung der Medicinal- und Nutzpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen und Studien über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik 3rd. Berlin: Borntraeger. 1903 [1892] [5 February 2014]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-08） （德语）.
• Hutchinson, John. The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny. 2 vols. 2nd. Macmillan. 1959 [1926–1934].
• Le Maout, Emmanuel; Decaisne, Joseph. Hooker, Joseph Dalton , 编. A General System of Botany, Descriptive and Analytical in two parts [Traité général de botanique]. trans. Frances Harriet Hooker. London: Longmans Green. 1873 [1867].
• Lindley, John. The Vegetable Kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system 3rd. London: Bradbury & Evans. 1853 [1846] [26 December 2015]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-05）.
• Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von. Conspectus regni vegetabilis: secundum characteres morphologicos praesertim carpicos in classes ordines et familias digesti.... Nuremberg: Schrag. 1835 [9 January 2016]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-08） （拉丁语及德语）.
• Rudall, P.J.; Cribb, P.J.; Cutler, D.F.; Humphries, C.J. (编). Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution (Proceedings of the International Symposium on Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution, Kew 1993). Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. 1995 [14 January 2014]. ISBN 978-0-947643-85-0. （原始内容存档于2014-01-05）.
• Stuessy, Tod F. Plant Taxonomy: The Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data. Columbia University Press. 2009 [6 February 2014]. ISBN 0-231-14712-0. （原始内容存档于2015-11-01）.
• Wettstein, Richard. Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik 2 vols. 3rd. 1924 [15 April 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-18） （德语）.
• Wilson, K. L.; Morrison, D. A. (编), Monocots: Systematics and evolution (Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons, Sydney, Australia 1998), Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO, 2000 [14 January 2014], ISBN 0-643-06437-0, （原始内容存档于2014-01-16）

Databases

• Brands, S.J. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. 2015 [11 February 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-11）.
• Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, Missouri Botanical Garden, 2016 [2001] [22 June 2016], （原始内容存档于2016-05-15）
• Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2015 [30 December 2015]. （原始内容存档于2008-03-31）.
• IPNI. The International Plant Names Index. 2015 [2018-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2010-03-10）.

APG

• APG I. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 1998, 85 (4): 531–553. JSTOR 2992015.
• APG II. An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2003, 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
• APG III. An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009, 161 (2): 105–121 [3 January 2014]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. （原始内容存档于2017-05-25）.
• APG IV. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2016, 181 (1): 1–20 [13 June 2016]. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. （原始内容存档于2018-03-05）.

外部链接

• NCBI 分类法 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）