舉尾家蟻屬 (Crematogaster ) 習性多樣,世界廣布,最易辨別的特徵便是其水滴型的腹部。舉尾家蟻屬英文俗名為 Saint Valentine ant ,意思為聖瓦倫丁 螞蟻,因其心形的腹部得名[ 2] ,聖瓦倫丁 為情人的象徵,2月14日的情人節便是紀念其殉道的節日。另一俗名為雞尾酒螞蟻 (cocktail ants),因其受侵擾時會將腹部舉起的行為得名[ 3] 。大部分的種類是樹棲性,因此得到雜技螞蟻 (acrobat ants) 的俗名[ 4] 。
事实速览 科学分类, 多样性 ...
舉尾家蟻屬
C. hespera worker
科学分类
界:
动物界 Animalia
门:
节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲:
昆虫纲 Insecta
目:
膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科:
蟻科 Formicidae
亚科:
家蟻亞科 Myrmicinae
属:
舉尾家蟻屬 Crematogaster Lund , 1831 [ 1]
多样性
> 420 species
異名
Cremastogaster Agassiz, 1846
Cremastogaster Mayr, 1861
关闭
C. degeeri 的雄蟻。
C. corticicola 的工蟻。
舉尾家蟻屬主食為其他昆蟲,如蜂類[ 5] 。舉尾家蟻會用毒液麻痺獵物,並沿途留下費洛蒙,引導同伴來到獵物所在的地點。
捕食行為
舉尾家蟻大型和小型的獵物都會捕食,捕食的時候覓食的工蟻會留下費洛蒙引領四周的工蟻前來協助。當個體接觸到獵物時,它們會立即發動攻擊,有時候也會用螫針攻擊,攻擊時它們會釋放緊戒費洛蒙,吸引其他工蟻攻擊獵物,其他工蟻會拉扯獵物的附肢,讓獵物呈現全身舒展的狀態並將其扛回蟻巢。舉尾家蟻有爪間體,爪間體可以增加抓附能力,讓螞蟻能夠在樹上垂直移動並搬運獵物。如果獵物很小附近又沒有其他工蟻,工蟻會獨自將其搬回蟻巢,而如果附近有其他工蟻,其他工蟻會協助將獵物搬回蟻巢,就算獵物非常小也一樣。舉尾家蟻會取食蝗蟲、白蟻、蜂類和其他小型昆蟲[ 6] 。
捕食蜂類
舉尾家蟻會捕食許多種蜂類,大多數為與樹互利(如授粉)的種類[ 7] 。蜂類通常會持續移動,造成捕食困難,而舉尾家蟻對蜂類所釋放的化學訊號極為敏感,讓他們能在第一時間抵達蜂類的位置[ 5] 。
棲地
C. castanea 的樹巢。
C. castanea 工蟻正在照顧角蟬。
不論在野外或室內都能發現舉尾家蟻的蹤跡。在野外,舉尾家蟻通常居住在樹上,但它們也會居住在其他地方,通常為潮濕陰暗的地方,如木材堆裡、石頭底下。在室內,蟻巢通常會築在電線附近[ 8] ,靠近食物來源。
繁殖
舉尾家蟻蟻后會在婚飛時和雄蟻交配,雄蟻交配後不久便會死去,而蟻后會將翅膀移除並建立新群體。
舉尾家蟻還有另一種生殖策略。蟻巢中會有體型略小於蟻后,但大於一般工蟻的大型工蟻,這些工蟻在生理上也和一般工蟻不同,它們的卵巢會發育並具有產卵的能力,如果群體中有蟻后,產下的卵會被蟻后和幼蟲吃掉,如果群體中沒有蟻后,產下的卵會孵化成雄蟻。在沒有蟻后的群體中,大型工蟻會產下較多的卵。其他工蟻會像對待蟻后一樣對待大型工蟻[ 9] 。
大型工蟻能產下會孵化成工蟻的卵,因此它們能對群體產生影響。大型工蟻甚至能透過分巢的方式建立新群體。
防禦行為
舉尾家蟻能將腹部越過頭頂往前伸,可以將腹部朝向幾乎所有方向[ 10] 。打鬥時舉尾家蟻會從腹部末端釋放毒液,毒液對其他螞蟻的影響因種類而異,有些物種無法抵抗毒液,一兩滴即可致命,有些物種則具有抗性,可以承受大量的毒液,但無論如何毒液通常都可以逼退對方。毒液成分為酚類和羧酸,這些成分中有些具有抗生素的效果[ 11] 。
分工
舉尾家蟻會分工,在巢內工作的個體體型和頭寬較小,在巢外工作的個體體型和頭寬則較大[ 12] 。有些 Orthocrema 亞屬的物種,如 Crematogaster schimmeri , C. biroi, C. pygmaea ,有專門產卵的階級,產下的未受精卵會被幼蟲吃掉[ 13] 。
共生
舉尾家蟻會和某些植物共生,植物會分泌蜜露並提供住所,螞蟻則會保護植物不受其他昆蟲侵害。有些舉尾家蟻的主要食物由血桐屬 提供。
當植物被攻擊時,舉尾家蟻會傾巢而出保護植物,當周遭的植物受到攻擊時舉尾家蟻也會保護其不受侵擾[ 14] 。
費洛蒙軌跡
舉尾家蟻會留下費洛蒙軌跡,其功能多樣,如溝通、引導其他工蟻前來協助等。有些舉尾家蟻會用後足留下費洛蒙軌跡[ 15] 。
舉尾家蟻會在往食物的路上留下費洛蒙,吸引其他工蟻前來。吸引其他工蟻前來有許多好處,可以加快運送食物的速度,也可以協助禦敵。
物種列表
舉尾家蟻屬下共有430種以上的物種[ 1] 。
Crematogaster abdominalis Motschoulsky, 1863
Crematogaster aberrans Forel, 1892
Crematogaster abrupta Mann, 1919
Crematogaster abstinens Forel, 1899
Crematogaster acaciae Forel, 1892
Crematogaster aculeata Donisthorpe, 1941
Crematogaster acuta Fabricius, 1804
Crematogaster adrepens Forel, 1897
Crematogaster aegyptiaca Mayr, 1862
Crematogaster affabilis Forel, 1907
Crematogaster afghanica Forel, 1967
Crematogaster africana Mayr, 1895
Crematogaster agnetis Forel, 1892
Crematogaster agniae Karavaiev, 1935
Crematogaster agnita Wheeler, 1934
Crematogaster aitkenii Forel, 1902
Crematogaster alafara Blaimer, 2013
Crematogaster algirica Lucas, 1849
Crematogaster alluaudi Emery, 1893
Crematogaster aloysiisabaudiae Menozzi, 1930
Crematogaster alulai Emery, 1901
Crematogaster amabilis Santschi, 1911
Crematogaster amapaensis Kempf, 1960
Crematogaster ambigua Santschi, 1926
Crematogaster amita Forel, 1913
Crematogaster ampla Forel
Crematogaster ampullaris Smith, 1861
Crematogaster ancipitula Forel, 1917
Crematogaster angulosa Andre, 1896
Crematogaster angusticeps Santschi, 1911
Crematogaster antaris Forel, 1894
Crematogaster anthracina Smith, 1857
Crematogaster apicalis Motschoulsky, 1878
Crematogaster arata Emery, 1906
Crematogaster arboreus
Crematogaster arcuata Forel, 1899
Crematogaster areniphila
Crematogaster arizonensis Wheeler, 1908
Crematogaster armandi Forel, 1921
Crematogaster arnoldi Forel, 1914
Crematogaster aroensis Menozzi, 1935
Crematogaster arthurimuelleri Forel, 1894
Crematogaster ashmeadi Mayr, 1886
Crematogaster atilanica Wheeler, 1936
Crematogaster atitlanica Wheeler, 1936
Crematogaster atkinsoni Wheeler, 1919
Crematogaster atra Mayr, 1870
Crematogaster auberti Emery, 1869
Crematogaster augusti Emery, 1895
Crematogaster aurita Karavaiev, 1935
Crematogaster aurora LaPolla & Greenwalt, 2015
Crematogaster australis Mayr, 1876
Crematogaster baduvi Forel, 1912
Crematogaster bakeri Menozzi, 1925
Crematogaster bandarensis Forel, 1913
Crematogaster bara Blaimer, 2013
Crematogaster barbouri Weber, 1934
Crematogaster batesi Forel, 1911
Crematogaster bequaerti Forel, 1913
Crematogaster betapicalis Smith, 1995
Crematogaster bicolor Smith, 1860
Crematogaster biformis Andre, 1892
Crematogaster binghamii Forel, 1904
Crematogaster bingo Forel, 1908
Crematogaster biroi Mayr, 1897
Crematogaster bison Forel, 1913
Crematogaster boera Ruzsky, 1926
Crematogaster bogojawlenskii Ruzsky, 1905
Crematogaster boliviana Wheeler, 1922
Crematogaster borneensis Andre, 1896
Crematogaster bouvardi Santschi
Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr, 1878
Crematogaster brevidentata
Crematogaster brevimandibularis Donisthorpe, 1943
Crematogaster brevis Emery, 1887
Crematogaster brevispina Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
Crematogaster brevispinosa Mayr, 1870
Crematogaster breviventris Santschi, 1920
Crematogaster browni Buren, 1968
Crematogaster bruchi Forel, 1912
Crematogaster brunensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
Crematogaster brunnea Smith, 1857
Crematogaster brunneipennis Andre, 1890
Crematogaster brunnescens Motschoulsky, 1863
Crematogaster bryophilia
Crematogaster buchneri Forel, 1894
Crematogaster buddhae Forel, 1902
Crematogaster butteli Forel, 1913
Crematogaster californica Wheeler, 1919
Crematogaster capensis Mayr, 1862
Crematogaster captiosa Forel, 1911
Crematogaster carinata Mayr, 1862
Crematogaster castanea Smith, 1858
Crematogaster celebensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
Crematogaster censor Forel, 1910
Crematogaster cephalotes Smith, 1857
Crematogaster cerasi Fitch, 1855
Crematogaster ( Crematogaster) chhangi Hosoishi & Ogata, 2014
Crematogaster chiarinii Emery, 1881
Crematogaster chlorotica Emery, 1899
Crematogaster chodati Forel
Crematogaster chopardi Bernard, 1950
Crematogaster chungi Brown, 1949
Crematogaster cicatriculosa Roger, 1863
Crematogaster cisplatinalis Mayr
Crematogaster clariventris Mayr, 1895
Crematogaster claudiae Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016
Crematogaster clydia Forel, 1912
Crematogaster coarctata Mayr, 1870
Crematogaster coelestis Santschi, 1911
Crematogaster colei Buren, 1968
Crematogaster concava Emery, 1899
Crematogaster constructor Emery, 1895
Crematogaster coriaria Mayr, 1872
Crematogaster cornigera Forel, 1902
Crematogaster cornuta Crawley, 1924
Crematogaster corporaali Santschi, 1928
Crematogaster corticicola Mayr, 1887
Crematogaster corvina Mayr, 1870
Crematogaster crassicornis Emery, 1893
Crematogaster crinosa Mayr, 1862
Crematogaster cristata Santschi, 1929
Crematogaster crucis Forel
Crematogaster cubaensis Mann
Crematogaster curvispinosa Mayr, 1862
Crematogaster cuvierae Donisthorpe, 1945
Crematogaster cylindriceps Wheeler, 1927
Crematogaster ( Crematogaster) cypria Santschi, 1930
Crematogaster dahlii Forel, 1901
Crematogaster daisyi Forel, 1901
Crematogaster dalyi Forel, 1902
Crematogaster decamera Forel, 1910
Crematogaster decarinata
Crematogaster degeeri Forel, 1886
Crematogaster delagoensis Forel, 1894
Crematogaster delitescens Wheeler, 1921
Crematogaster dentata Dalla Torre, 1893
Crematogaster dentinodis Forel, 1901
Crematogaster depilis Wheeler, 1919
Crematogaster deponens
Crematogaster depressa (Latreille, 1802)
Crematogaster descarpentriesi Santschi, 1928
Crematogaster descolei Kusnezov, 1949
Crematogaster desecta Forel, 1911
Crematogaster desperans Forel, 1914
Crematogaster difformis Smith, 1857
Crematogaster difformis-subgroup F.Smith, 1857
Crematogaster diffusa (Jerdon, 1851)
Crematogaster dispar Forel, 1902
Crematogaster distans Mayr, 1870
Crematogaster dohrni Mayr, 1879
Crematogaster dolens Forel, 1910
Crematogaster donisthorpei Santschi, 1934
Crematogaster dorsidens Santschi, 1925
Crematogaster dubia Karavaiev, 1935
Crematogaster ebenina Forel, 1902
Crematogaster edentula Santschi, 1914
Crematogaster egidyi Forel, 1903
Crematogaster egregior Forel, 1912
Crematogaster elegans Smith, 1859
Crematogaster elysii Mann, 1919
Crematogaster emeryana Creighton, 1950
Crematogaster emeryi Forel, 1907
Crematogaster emmae Forel, 1891
Crematogaster enneamera Emery, 1900
Crematogaster ensifera Forel, 1910
Crematogaster erecta Mayr, 1866
Crematogaster erectepilosa Salata & Borowiec, 2015
Crematogaster esterelana (Bernard, 1978)
Crematogaster eurydice Forel, 1915
Crematogaster euterpe Santschi, 1922
Crematogaster evallans Forel, 1907
Crematogaster excisa Mayr, 1895
Crematogaster ferrarii Emery, 1888
Crematogaster flavicornis Emery, 1897
Crematogaster flavitarsis Emery, 1900
Crematogaster flaviventris Santschi
Crematogaster flavomicrops
Crematogaster flavosensitiva Longino, 2003
Crematogaster foliocrypta
Crematogaster foraminiceps Santschi, 1913
Crematogaster formosa Mayr, 1870
Crematogaster foxi Mann, 1919
Crematogaster fraxatrix Forel, 1911
Crematogaster fritzi Emery, 1901
Crematogaster frivola Forel, 1902
Crematogaster fruhstorferi Emery, 1901
Crematogaster fuentei Menozzi, 1922
Crematogaster fulmeki Forel, 1922
Crematogaster fusca Mayr, 1876
Crematogaster gabonensis Emery, 1899
Crematogaster gallicola Forel, 1894
Crematogaster gambiensis Andre, 1889
Crematogaster gavapiga Menozzi, 1935
Crematogaster gerstaeckeri Dalla Torre, 1892
Crematogaster gibba Emery, 1894
Crematogaster goeldii
Crematogaster gordani
Crematogaster gratiosa Santschi, 1926
Crematogaster grevei Forel, 1891
Crematogaster gryllsi Sharaf & Hita Garcia, 2019
Crematogaster gullukdagensis Salata & Borowiec, 2015
Crematogaster gutenbergi Santschi, 1914
Crematogaster hafahafa Blaimer, 2013
Crematogaster hashimi Hosoishi, 2015
Crematogaster hazolava Blaimer, 2013
Crematogaster heathi Mann, 1916
Crematogaster hellenica Forel, 1911
Crematogaster hemiceros Santschi, 1926
Crematogaster hespera Buren, 1968
Crematogaster hezaradjatica Pisarski, 1967
Crematogaster himalayana Forel, 1902
Crematogaster hogsoni Forel, 1902
Crematogaster homeri Forel, 1913
Crematogaster hottentota Emery, 1899
Crematogaster hova Forel, 1887
Crematogaster huberi Forel, 1907
Crematogaster hullettii Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016
Crematogaster iheringi Forel, 1908
Crematogaster ilgii Forel, 1910
Crematogaster imperfecta Hosoishi, 2015
Crematogaster impressa Emery, 1899
Crematogaster impressiceps Mayr, 1902
Crematogaster inca Wheeler, 1925
Crematogaster inconspicua Mayr, 1896
Crematogaster incorrecta Santschi, 1917
Crematogaster indefensa Kempf, 1968
Crematogaster indosinensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
Crematogaster inermis Mayr, 1862
Crematogaster inflata Smith, 1857
Crematogaster inflata-subgroup F.Smith, 1857
Crematogaster innocens Forel, 1911
Crematogaster inops Forel, 1892
Crematogaster insularis Smith, 1859
Crematogaster ionia Forel, 1911
Crematogaster iridipennis Smith, 1865
Crematogaster irritabilis Smith, 1860
Crematogaster isolata Buren, 1968
Crematogaster jacindae Sharaf, 2019
Crematogaster jacobsoni Forel, 1911
Crematogaster jardinero
Crematogaster javanica Menozzi, 1935
Crematogaster jeanneli Santschi, 1914
Crematogaster jehovae Forel, 1907
Crematogaster jullieni Santschi, 1910
Crematogaster juventa Santschi, 1926
Crematogaster kachelibae Arnold, 1954
Crematogaster karawaiewi Menozzi, 1935
Crematogaster kasaiensis Forel, 1913
Crematogaster kelleri Forel, 1891
Crematogaster keris Hosoishi, 2020
Crematogaster khmerensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2017
Crematogaster kirbii (Sykes, 1835)
Crematogaster kneri Mayr, 1862
Crematogaster kohli Forel, 1909
Crematogaster kojimai
Crematogaster kutteri Viehmeyer, 1924
Crematogaster laboriosa Smith, 1874
Crematogaster laestrygon Emery, 1869
Crematogaster laeviceps Smith, 1858
Crematogaster laevis Mayr, 1878
Crematogaster laevissima Smith, 1860
Crematogaster laeviuscula Mayr, 1870
Crematogaster lamottei Bernard, 1953
Crematogaster lango Weber, 1943
Crematogaster larreae Buren, 1968
Crematogaster latuka Weber, 1943
Crematogaster laurenti Forel, 1909
Crematogaster ledouxi Soulie, 1961
Crematogaster levior Longino, 2003
Crematogaster libengensis Stitz, 1916
Crematogaster liengmei Forel, 1894
Crematogaster limata Smith, 1858
Crematogaster lineolata (Say, 1836)
Crematogaster linsenmairi Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016
Crematogaster litoralis Arnold, 1955
Crematogaster lobata Emery, 1895
Crematogaster longiceps Forel, 1910
Crematogaster longiceps Santschi, 1910
Crematogaster longiclava Emery, 1893
Crematogaster longipilosa Forel, 1907
Crematogaster longispina Emery, 1890
Crematogaster lorteti Forel, 1910
Crematogaster lotti Weber, 1943
Crematogaster lucayana Wheeler, 1905
Crematogaster luctans Forel, 1907
Crematogaster lutzi Forel, 1905
Crematogaster macracantha Creighton, 1945
Crematogaster madagascariensis Andre, 1887
Crematogaster madecassa Emery, 1895
Crematogaster mafybe Blaimer, 2013
Crematogaster magitae Forel, 1910
Crematogaster magnifica Santschi, 1925
Crematogaster mahery
Crematogaster maina Blaimer, 2013
Crematogaster major Donisthorpe, 1941
Crematogaster malahelo Blaimer, 2013
Crematogaster malala
Crematogaster malevolens
Crematogaster mancocapaci
Crematogaster manni Buren, 1968
Crematogaster margaritae Emery, 1895
Crematogaster marioni Buren, 1968
Crematogaster marthae Forel, 1892
Crematogaster maryatii Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016
Crematogaster masokely Blaimer, 2013
Crematogaster matsumurai Forel, 1901
Crematogaster meijerei Emery, 1911
Crematogaster melanogaster Emery, 1895
Crematogaster meneliki
Crematogaster menilekii Forel, 1894
Crematogaster mesonotalis Emery, 1911
Crematogaster microspina Menozzi, 1942
Crematogaster millardi Forel, 1902
Crematogaster mimicans Donisthorpe, 1932
Crematogaster mimosae Santschi, 1914
Crematogaster minutissima Mayr, 1870
Crematogaster misella Arnold, 1920
Crematogaster missouriensis Emery, 1895
Crematogaster mjobergi Forel, 1915
Crematogaster moatensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
Crematogaster modica
Crematogaster modiglianii Emery, 1900
Crematogaster moelleri
Crematogaster montana
Crematogaster montenigrinus
Crematogaster monteverdensis
Crematogaster montezumia Smith, 1858
Crematogaster monticola Arnold, 1920
Crematogaster moorei Donisthorpe, 1941
Crematogaster moqorensis Pisarski, 1967
Crematogaster mormonum Wheeler, 1919
Crematogaster mosis Forel, 1909
Crematogaster mottazi Santschi, 1928
Crematogaster mpanjono Blaimer, 2012
Crematogaster mucronata Emery, 1900
Crematogaster muralti Forel, 1910
Crematogaster mutans Buren, 1968
Crematogaster myops Forel, 1911
Crematogaster natalensis Forel, 1910
Crematogaster navajoa Buren, 1968
Crematogaster nawai Ito, 1914
Crematogaster nesiotis Mann, 1919
Crematogaster neuvillei Forel, 1907
Crematogaster nigeriensis Santschi, 1914
Crematogaster nigrans Forel, 1915
Crematogaster nigriceps Emery, 1897
Crematogaster nigronitens Santschi, 1917
Crematogaster nigropilosa Mayr, 1870
Crematogaster nitidiceps Emery
Crematogaster nocturna Buren, 1968
Crematogaster nosibeensis Forel, 1891
Crematogaster oasium Santschi, 1911
Crematogaster obnigra Mann, 1919
Crematogaster obscura Smith, 1857
Crematogaster obscurata Emery, 1895
Crematogaster obscurior Dalla Torre, 1892
Crematogaster ocellata Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
Crematogaster ochracea Mayr, 1862
Crematogaster ochraceiventris Stitz, 1916
Crematogaster oe
Crematogaster onusta Stitz, 1925
Crematogaster opaca Mayr, 1870
Crematogaster opaceipes
Crematogaster opaciceps Mayr, 1901
Crematogaster opuntiae Buren, 1968
Crematogaster ornatipilis Wheeler, 1918
Crematogaster orobia Santschi, 1919
Crematogaster orthocrema
Crematogaster osakensis Forel, 1900
Crematogaster oscaris Forel, 1910
Crematogaster overbecki Viehmeyer, 1916
Crematogaster oxygynoides Santschi, 1934
Crematogaster painei Donisthorpe, 1945
Crematogaster pallida Lowne, 1865
Crematogaster pallipes Mayr, 1862
Crematogaster paolii Menozzi, 1930
Crematogaster paradoxa Emery, 1894
Crematogaster parallela Santschi, 1925
Crematogaster patei Buren, 1968
Crematogaster pauciseta Emery, 1899
Crematogaster pauli Emery, 1901
Crematogaster pellens Walker, 1859
Crematogaster perelegans Forel, 1902
Crematogaster peringueyi Emery, 1895
Crematogaster peristerica Menozzi, 1925
Crematogaster perthensis Crawley, 1922
Crematogaster peruviana (Wheeler, 1922)
Crematogaster petiolidens Forel, 1916
Crematogaster pfeifferi Hosoishi & Ogata, 2017
Crematogaster philippinensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
Crematogaster phoenica Santschi, 1915
Crematogaster phoenix Santschi, 1921
Crematogaster physothorax Emery
Crematogaster pia Forel, 1911
Crematogaster pilosa Emery, 1895
Crematogaster pinicola
Crematogaster polita Smith, 1865
Crematogaster politula Forel, 1902
Crematogaster polymnia Santschi, 1922
Crematogaster popohana Forel, 1912
Crematogaster praecursor Emery, 1891
Crematogaster primitiva Radchenko & Dlussky, 2019
Crematogaster pronotalis
Crematogaster pseudinermis Viehmeyer, 1923
Crematogaster pulchella Bernard, 1953
Crematogaster punctulata Emery, 1895
Crematogaster pusilla (Heer, 1850)
Crematogaster pygmaea Forel, 1904
Crematogaster pygmaea Revised Status
Crematogaster pythia Forel, 1915
Crematogaster quadriceps
Crematogaster quadriformis Roger, 1863
Crematogaster quadriruga Forel, 1911
Crematogaster quadrispinosa Roger, 1863
Crematogaster queenslandica Forel, 1902
Crematogaster ralumensis Forel, 1901
Crematogaster ramamy Blaimer, 2013
Crematogaster ranavalonae Forel, 1887
Crematogaster ransonneti Mayr, 1868
Crematogaster raptor
Crematogaster rasoherinae Forel, 1891
Crematogaster razana Blaimer, 2012
Crematogaster rectinota Forel, 1913
Crematogaster recurva Emery, 1897
Crematogaster resulcata Bolton, 1995
Crematogaster reticulata Hosoishi, 2009
Crematogaster retifera Santschi, 1926
Crematogaster rifelna Buren, 1968
Crematogaster rivai Emery, 1897
Crematogaster rochai Forel, 1903
Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr, 1879
Crematogaster rogeri Emery, 1922
Crematogaster roslihashimi Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016
Crematogaster rossi Buren, 1968
Crematogaster rothneyi Mayr, 1879
Crematogaster rudis Emery, 1894
Crematogaster rufa (Jerdon, 1851)
Crematogaster rufigena Arnold, 1958
Crematogaster rufotestacea Mayr, 1876
Crematogaster rugosa Andre, 1895
Crematogaster rugosior Santschi, 1910
Crematogaster ruspolii Forel, 1892
Crematogaster russata
Crematogaster russoi Menozzi, 1930
Crematogaster rustica Santschi, 1935
Crematogaster sabatra
Crematogaster sagei Forel, 1902
Crematogaster sanguinea Roger, 1863
Crematogaster santschii Forel, 1913
Crematogaster saussurei Forel, 1899
Crematogaster scapamaris Santschi, 1922
Crematogaster scelerata Santschi, 1917
Crematogaster schencki Forel, 1891
Crematogaster schenki Forel
Crematogaster schimmeri Forel, 1912
Crematogaster schmidti (Mayr, 1853)
Crematogaster schultzei Forel, 1910
Crematogaster scita Forel, 1902
Crematogaster sculpturata Pergande, 1896
Crematogaster scutellaris (Olivier, 1792)
Crematogaster semperi Emery, 1893
Crematogaster senegalensis Roger, 1863
Crematogaster sericea Forel
Crematogaster sevellei
Crematogaster sewardi Forel
Crematogaster sewellii Forel, 1891
Crematogaster sikkimensis (Hosoishi, 2015) Forel, 2015
Crematogaster ( Crematogaster) simboloni Hosoishi & Ogata, 2014
Crematogaster similis Stitz, 1911
Crematogaster simoni Emery, 1893
Crematogaster sisa
Crematogaster sjostedti Mayr
Crematogaster skounensis Soulie, 1961
Crematogaster snellingi
Crematogaster solenopsides Emery, 1899
Crematogaster solenopsoides
Crematogaster solers Forel, 1910
Crematogaster sordidula (Nylander, 1849)
Crematogaster sorokini Ruzsky, 1905
Crematogaster soror Forel, 1902
Crematogaster sotobosque Longino, 2003
Crematogaster spengeli Forel, 1912
Crematogaster stadelmanni Mayr, 1895
Crematogaster steinheili Forel, 1881
Crematogaster stenocephala Emery, 1922
Crematogaster stethogompha Wheeler, 1919
Crematogaster stigmata Santschi, 1914
Crematogaster stigmatica
Crematogaster stollii Forel, 1885
Crematogaster storki Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
Crematogaster striaticeps Forel
Crematogaster striatula Emery, 1892
Crematogaster subcircularis Mayr, 1879
Crematogaster subcircularis Smith
Crematogaster subdentata Mayr, 1877
Crematogaster subnuda Mayr, 1879
Crematogaster subtonsa
Crematogaster suehiro Terayama, 1999
Crematogaster sumichrasti Mayr, 1870
Crematogaster sundalandensis Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
Crematogaster tanakai Hosoishi & Ogata, 2009
Crematogaster tarsata Smith, 1865
Crematogaster tavaratra Blaimer, 2013
Crematogaster telolafy Blaimer, 2012
Crematogaster tenuicula Forel, 1904
Crematogaster teranishii
Crematogaster terminalis (Shuckard, 1838)
Crematogaster tetracantha Emery, 1887
Crematogaster thalia Forel
Crematogaster theta Forel, 1911
Crematogaster togoensis Donisthorpe, 1945
Crematogaster torosa Mayr, 1870
Crematogaster transiens Forel, 1913
Crematogaster transvaalensis Forel, 1894
Crematogaster transwaalensis Forel
Crematogaster trautweini Viehmeyer, 1914
Crematogaster travancorensis Forel, 1902
Crematogaster treubi Emery, 1896
Crematogaster tricolor Gerstäcker, 1859
Crematogaster tsisitsilo Blaimer, 2013
Crematogaster tumidula Emery, 1900
Crematogaster udo Forel, 1905
Crematogaster unciata Santschi, 1925
Crematogaster uruguayensis
Crematogaster ustiventris Menozzi, 1935
Crematogaster vacca Forel
Crematogaster vandeli Soulie, 1961
Crematogaster vandermeermohri Menozzi, 1930
Crematogaster vermiculata Emery, 1895
Crematogaster vicina
Crematogaster victima Smith, 1858
Crematogaster vidua Santschi, 1928
Crematogaster viehmeyeri
Crematogaster vieti Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016
Crematogaster vitalisi Menozzi, 1925
Crematogaster voeltzkowi Forel, 1907
Crematogaster volamena Blaimer, 2012
Crematogaster vulcania Santschi, 1913
Crematogaster walshi Forel, 1902
Crematogaster warburgi Menozzi, 1933
Crematogaster wardi Longino, 2003
Crematogaster wasmanni Santschi, 1910
Crematogaster weberi Emery, 1911
Crematogaster weitzeckeri
Crematogaster wellmani Forel, 1909
Crematogaster werneri Mayr, 1907
Crematogaster wheeleri Mann, 1919
Crematogaster whitei Wheeler, 1915
Crematogaster wilwerthi Santschi, 1910
Crematogaster wroughtonii Forel, 1902
Crematogaster xerophila Wheeler, 1915
Crematogaster yamanei Hosoishi & Ogata, 2009
Crematogaster yappi Forel, 1901
Crematogaster zavattarii Menozzi, 1926
Crematogaster zonacaciae Weber, 1943
归入本属的物种:
Cremastogaster abstinens Forel
Cremastogaster acuta Forel
Cremastogaster adrepens Forel
Cremastogaster aegyptiaca Forel
Cremastogaster africana Forel
Cremastogaster amabilis Forel
Cremastogaster arborea Forel
Cremastogaster arthuri-muelleri Forel
Cremastogaster auberti Forel
Cremastogaster bequaerti
Cremastogaster biroi Forel
Cremastogaster braunsi Forel
Cremastogaster brevispinosa Forel
Cremastogaster brunneipennis Forel
Cremastogaster brunnipennis Forel
Cremastogaster buchneri Forel
Cremastogaster capensis Forel
Cremastogaster carinata Forel
Cremastogaster castanea Forel
Cremastogaster chiarinii Forel
Cremastogaster cicatriculosa Forel
Cremastogaster constructor
Cremastogaster crinosa Forel
Cremastogaster curvispinosa Forel
Cremastogaster degeeri Forel
Cremastogaster depressa Forel
Cremastogaster difformis Forel
Cremastogaster distans
Cremastogaster dolens Forel
Cremastogaster emmae Agassiz, 1846
Cremastogaster emmae Forel
Cremastogaster ensifera Forel
Cremastogaster erecta Forel
Cremastogaster excisa Forel
Cremastogaster ferruginea Forel
Cremastogaster flaviventris
Cremastogaster foraminiceps Forel
Cremastogaster fulmeki Forel
Cremastogaster gallicola Forel
Cremastogaster gibba Forel
Cremastogaster goeldii
Cremastogaster grevei Forel, 1891
Cremastogaster hova Forel, 1891
Cremastogaster impressa Forel
Cremastogaster inermis
Cremastogaster inermis Agassiz, 1846
Cremastogaster inermis Forel
Cremastogaster inflata Forel
Cremastogaster inops Forel
Cremastogaster jeanneli Forel
Cremastogaster kelleri Agassiz, 1846
Cremastogaster kneri Forel
Cremastogaster ( Kohli) kohli Forel
Cremastogaster laestrygon Forel
Cremastogaster liengmei Forel
Cremastogaster limata Forel
Cremastogaster lineolata Forel
Cremastogaster lorteti Forel
Cremastogaster lutzi Forel
Cremastogaster madagascariensis Agassiz, 1846
Cremastogaster madagascariensis Forel
Cremastogaster meneliki
Cremastogaster menilekii Forel
Cremastogaster mimosae Forel
Cremastogaster montezumia Forel
Cremastogaster muralti Forel
Cremastogaster nigriceps
Cremastogaster nigropilosa Forel
Cremastogaster ochracea Forel
Cremastogaster opaciceps
Cremastogaster pallipes Forel
Cremastogaster peringueyi Forel
Cremastogaster platygnatha Forel
Cremastogaster popohana Forel
Cremastogaster quadriformis Forel
Cremastogaster ranavalonae Agassiz, 1846
Cremastogaster ranavalonae Forel
Cremastogaster rasoherinae Forel
Cremastogaster rochai Forel
Cremastogaster sanguinea Forel
Cremastogaster schenki Forel
Cremastogaster schimmeri Forel
Cremastogaster scutellaris
Cremastogaster scutellaris Forel
Cremastogaster scutellaris Ol.
Cremastogaster senegalensis Agassiz, 1846
Cremastogaster senegalensis Forel
Cremastogaster sewelli Forel
Cremastogaster sordidula Forel
Cremastogaster spec Forel
Cremastogaster stadelmanni Forel
Cremastogaster stolli
Cremastogaster sumichrasti Forel
Cremastogaster tricolor
Cremastogaster tricolor Agassiz, 1846
Cremastogaster tricolor Forel
Cremastogaster victima Forel
Cremastogaster virgula Forel
Cremastogaster voeltzkowi Forel
Cremastogaster vulcania Forel
Cremastogaster wellmani Forel
Cremastogaster wilwerthi
參考資料
African Insect Life - S. H. Skaife (Longmans, Green — Cape Town)
Schatz, Bertrand, and Martine Hossaert-Mckey. "Interactions of the Ant Crematogaster Scutellaris with the Fig/fig Wasp Mutualism." Ecological Entomology 28.3 (2003): 359-68. Print.
Richard, Freddie. "Predatory Behavior in Dominant Arboreal Ant Species: The Case of Crematogaster Sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - Springer." Predatory Behavior in Dominant Arboreal Ant Species: The Case of Crematogaster Sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - Springer. N.p., 01 Mar. 2001. Web. 24 Oct. 2013.
Schatz, Bertrand, Marie-Charlotte Anstett, Welmoed Out, and Martine Hossaert-McKey. "Olfactive Detection of Fig Wasps as Prey by the Ant Crematogaster Scutellaris (Formicidae; Myrmicinae)." Naturwissenschaften 90.10 (2003): 456-59. Print.
Nauman, Jennifer S. "Acrobat Ants." : College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences : Clemson University : South Carolina. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.
Heinze, J., S. Foitzik, B. Oberstadt, O. Rüppell, and B. Hölldobler. "A Female Caste Specialized for the Production of Unfertilized Eggs in the Ant Crematogaster Smithi."Naturwissenschaften 86.2 (1999): 93-95. Print.
Schulz, Stefan. The Chemistry of Pheromones and Other Semiochemicals II. Springer Science & Business Media. 7 January 2005: 193. ISBN 9783540213086 (英语) .
Marlier, J., Y. Quinet, and J. Debiseau. "Defensive Behaviour and Biological Activities of the Abdominal Secretion in the Ant Crematogaster Scutellaris (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae)." Behavioural Processes 67.3 (2004): 427-40. Print.
Stapley, L. "Physical Worker Castes in Colonies of an Acacia-ant ( Crematogaster Nigriceps ) Correlated with an Intra-colonial Division of Defensive Behaviour." Insectes Sociaux46.2 (1999): 146-49. Print.
Peeters, Christian, Chung-Chee Lin, and Yves Quinet. "Evolution of a Soldier Caste Specialized to Lay Unfertilized Eggs in the Ant Genus Crematogaster (subgenus Orthocrema)." Elsevier 42 (201 a3): 257-64. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
Inui, Yoko, and Takao Itioka. "Species-specific Leaf Volatile Compounds of Obligate Macaranga Myrmecophytes and Host-specific Aggressiveness of Symbiotic Crematogaster Ants." Journal of Chemical Ecology 33.11 (2007): 2054-063. Print.
外部連結