腰子 (食物)

腰子是指动物的肾脏，可以食用。 ^[1]腰子可以拿來炙烤、煸、烤或焖烧。 ^[2] 例如人們在製作法国砂锅、濃湯或西式餡餅時就可以放入腰子。 ^[3]通常人們食用的腰子來自牛、小牛、羊、猪以及雞。^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] ^[5]^[8]^[9]

腰子在冰箱中的保存时间不超过一天，不過可以冷冻。解冻後的腰子应尽快使用。 ^[2]^[10]

腰子內含有蛋白质、維生素A 、核黄素、烟酸、维生素B12、铁、磷、锌以及少量的维生素C。^[11]^[2]^[12]^[13]腰子^[13]是低脂食品，不過含有大量膽固醇。 ^[2]

古埃及就有人食用腰子。 ^[14]古埃及的^[15]坟墓中也发现了煮熟的腰子。^[15]^[16]

[1]
Danforth, Adam. Butchering Poultry, Rabbit, Lamb, Goat, and Pork: The Comprehensive Photographic Guide to Humane Slaughtering and Butchering. Storey Publishing. 2014-03-11: 93 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-1-61212-182-6. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.
[2]
Collectif, QA international Collectif QA international. The Visual Food Encyclopedia. Québec Amerique. 1996: 555–556 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-2-7644-0898-8. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.
[3]
Toldra, Fidel. Lawrie's Meat Science. Woodhead Publishing. 2022-08-26: 710 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-0-323-98453-9. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.
[4]
Company, Experts from Dole Food Experts from Dole Food; Clinic, Experts from The Mayo Experts from The Mayo; H, Experts from UCLA Center for Experts from UCLA Center for. Encyclopedia of Foods: A Guide to Healthy Nutrition. Elsevier. 2002-01-13: 308 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-0-08-053087-1. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.
[5]
Cosentino, Chris; Turkell, Michael Harlan. Offal Good: Cooking from the Heart, with Guts: A Cookbook. Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed. 2017-08-29: 52–54 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-0-7704-3513-4. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.
[6]
Woods, Sarah. Desi Kitchen. Random House. 2023-02-16 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-0-241-53776-3. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.
[7]
Archaeology of Meat - kidney (chicken). Chef's Mandala. 2021-05-04 [2023-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-04）（英语）.
[8]
Westmoreland, Susan. The Good Housekeeping Cookbook. Hearst Books. March 2004: 179 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-1-58816-398-1. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.
[9]
Sinclair, Charles. Dictionary of Food: International Food and Cooking Terms from A to Z. A&C Black. 2009-01-01 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-1-4081-0218-3. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.
[10]
Spry, Constance; Hume, Rosemary. The Constance Spry Cookery Book. Grub Street Publishers. 2014-01-19 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-1-909166-10-3. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.
[11]
K Jayathilakan; Khudsia Sultana; K Radhakrishna; A S Bawa. Utilization of byproducts and waste materials from meat, poultry and fish processing industries: a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2011-02-20, 49 (3): 278–293. ISSN 0022-1155. PMC 3614052 . PMID 23729848. doi:10.1007/S13197-011-0290-7. Wikidata Q36733832 （英语）.
[12]
Beef, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, raw. fdc.nal.usda.gov. FoodData Central. [2023-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-23）.
[13]
Lamb, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, cooked, braised. fdc.nal.usda.gov. FoodData Central. [2023-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-23）.
[14]
Edwards, Nina. Offal: A Global History. Reaktion Books. 2013-06-01: 8 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-1-78023-134-1. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.
[15]
When did we start cooking for each other – and why?. National Geographic. 2022-11-21 [2023-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-13）（英国英语）.
[16]
Alcock, Joan Pilsbury. Food in the Ancient World. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2006: 65 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-0-313-33003-2. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.

[1] [1]
Danforth, Adam. Butchering Poultry, Rabbit, Lamb, Goat, and Pork: The Comprehensive Photographic Guide to Humane Slaughtering and Butchering. Storey Publishing. 2014-03-11: 93 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-1-61212-182-6. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.

[:2-2] [2]
Collectif, QA international Collectif QA international. The Visual Food Encyclopedia. Québec Amerique. 1996: 555–556 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-2-7644-0898-8. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.

[3] [3]
Toldra, Fidel. Lawrie's Meat Science. Woodhead Publishing. 2022-08-26: 710 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-0-323-98453-9. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.

[4] [4]
Company, Experts from Dole Food Experts from Dole Food; Clinic, Experts from The Mayo Experts from The Mayo; H, Experts from UCLA Center for Experts from UCLA Center for. Encyclopedia of Foods: A Guide to Healthy Nutrition. Elsevier. 2002-01-13: 308 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-0-08-053087-1. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.

[:0-5] [5]
Cosentino, Chris; Turkell, Michael Harlan. Offal Good: Cooking from the Heart, with Guts: A Cookbook. Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed. 2017-08-29: 52–54 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-0-7704-3513-4. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.

[6] [6]
Woods, Sarah. Desi Kitchen. Random House. 2023-02-16 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-0-241-53776-3. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.

[7] [7]
Archaeology of Meat - kidney (chicken). Chef's Mandala. 2021-05-04 [2023-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-04）（英语）.

[8] [8]
Westmoreland, Susan. The Good Housekeeping Cookbook. Hearst Books. March 2004: 179 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-1-58816-398-1. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.

[9] [9]
Sinclair, Charles. Dictionary of Food: International Food and Cooking Terms from A to Z. A&C Black. 2009-01-01 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-1-4081-0218-3. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.

[10] [10]
Spry, Constance; Hume, Rosemary. The Constance Spry Cookery Book. Grub Street Publishers. 2014-01-19 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-1-909166-10-3. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.

[11] [11]
K Jayathilakan; Khudsia Sultana; K Radhakrishna; A S Bawa. Utilization of byproducts and waste materials from meat, poultry and fish processing industries: a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2011-02-20, 49 (3): 278–293. ISSN 0022-1155. PMC 3614052 . PMID 23729848. doi:10.1007/S13197-011-0290-7. Wikidata Q36733832 （英语）.

[12] [12]
Beef, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, raw. fdc.nal.usda.gov. FoodData Central. [2023-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-23）.

[:3-13] [13]
Lamb, variety meats and by-products, kidneys, cooked, braised. fdc.nal.usda.gov. FoodData Central. [2023-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-23）.

[14] [14]
Edwards, Nina. Offal: A Global History. Reaktion Books. 2013-06-01: 8 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-1-78023-134-1. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.

[:1-15] [15]
When did we start cooking for each other – and why?. National Geographic. 2022-11-21 [2023-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-13）（英国英语）.

[16] [16]
Alcock, Joan Pilsbury. Food in the Ancient World. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2006: 65 [2023-12-08]. ISBN 978-0-313-33003-2. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（英语）.

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腰子 (食物)

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