第二次反法同盟

第二次反法同盟，1799年歐洲列強趁法軍大將拿破仑的军队被困埃及的时机，再次發起反法战争。新的反法同盟被組建起來，東歐強權俄羅斯也加入對法戰爭。法軍在戰爭初期征服那不勒斯後，就在各個戰線不斷挫敗，但隨著俄軍在蘇黎世的慘敗與聯軍在荷蘭的失利，法國避免了被入侵的絕境。1799年11月，自埃及歸國的拿破崙發動霧月政變成為第一執政，在隔年6月的馬倫戈戰役取得勝利，重新控制北義大利。同時德意志地區的法軍在12月2日贏得霍恩林登戰役，第二次反法同盟失利。1801年2月9日，法奧雙方簽訂《呂內維爾條約》，拿破崙也開始介入德意志內部事務。1802年3月25日，法國與英國簽訂《亞眠和約》，英國放棄其征服的大部分海外領土，法國大革命戰爭結束。

事实速览 第二次反法同盟戰爭, 日期 ...

第二次反法同盟戰爭

法國革命戰爭的一部分

點擊圖片連結至戰鬥
由左至右，由上至下為：
金字塔、尼羅河、蘇黎世、馬倫戈、霍恩林登、海地戰役

日期	1799年-1802年
地点	中欧、意大利
结果	法軍獲勝, 法奧簽訂呂內維爾條約, 法英簽訂亞眠和約

参战方

第二次反法同盟:
神聖羅馬帝國 (至 1801)

奧地利

大不列顛
英國 (1801起)
俄罗斯
奥斯曼帝国

马穆鲁克
鄂圖曼敘利亞行省（英语：Ottoman Syria）

那不勒斯
托斯卡納大公國
葡萄牙王國
保王黨

戰時盟國

馬爾他

美国
(美法短暫衝突)

法蘭西第一共和國

法國的從屬國:

伤亡与损失

:79,500人死亡^[1]
200,000人受傷
140,000人被俘^[2]
其餘國家未知

:75,000人死傷
140,000人被俘^[3]

关闭

註腳

參考文獻

Acerbi, Enrico. "The 1799 Campaign in Italy: Klenau and Ott Vanguards and the Coalition’s Left Wing April–June 1799" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Napoleon Series, Robert Burnham, editor in chief. March 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2009.
Ashton, John. English caricature and satire on Napoleon I. London: Chatto & Windus, 1888.
Blanning, Timothy. The French Revolutionary Wars. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-340-56911-5.
Boycott-Brown, Martin. The Road to Rivoli. London: Cassell & Co., 2001. ISBN 0-304-35305-1.
Bruce, Robert B. et al. Fighting techniques of the Napoleonic Age, 1792–1815. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, St. Martin's Press, 2008, 978-0312375874
Chandler, David. The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York: Macmillan, 1966. ISBN 978-0-02-523660-8; comprehensive coverage of N's battles
Clausewitz, Carl von (2020). Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-3025-7
Clausewitz, Carl von (2021). The Coalition Crumbles, Napoleon Returns: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 2. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-3034-9* Dwyer, Philip. Napoleon: The Path to Power (2008) excerpt vol 1 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Englund, Steven. Napoleon: A Political Life. Scribner. 2010. ISBN 978-0674018037.
Gill, John. Thunder on the Danube Napoleon's Defeat of the Habsburgs, Volume 1. London: Frontline Books, 2008, ISBN 978-1-84415-713-6.
Griffith, Paddy. The Art of War of Revolutionary France, 1789–1802 (1998)
Hochedlinger, Michael. Austria's Wars of Emergence 1683–1797. London: Pearson, 2003, ISBN 0-582-29084-8.
Kagan, Frederick W. The End of the Old Order. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press 2006, ISBN 978-0-306-81545-4.
Kent, Emerson. War of the Second Coalition 1789–1802. Emerson Kent.com: World History for the Relaxed Historian. Emerson Kent. 2016 [30 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-19）.
Mackesy, Piers. British Victory in Egypt: The End of Napoleon's Conquest (2010)
Mackesy, Piers. War Without Victory: The Downfall of Pitt, 1799–1802 (1984)
Markham, Felix. Napoleon. Mentor. 1963 [2022-06-12]. （原始内容存档于2010-04-20）.; 303 pages; short biography by an Oxford scholar
McLynn, Frank. Napoleon. Pimlico. 1998. ISBN 0-7126-6247-2.; well-written popular history
Pivka, Otto von. Armies of the Napoleonic Era. New York: Taplinger Publishing, 1979. ISBN 0-8008-5471-3
Phipps, Ramsay Weston. The Armies of the First French Republic, volume 5: The armies of the Rhine in Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt and the coup d'état of Brumaire, 1797–1799, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939.
Roberts, Andrew. Napoleon: A Life (2014)
Rodger, Alexander Bankier. The War of the Second Coalition: 1798 to 1801, a strategic commentary (Clarendon Press, 1964)
Rothenberg, Gunther E. Napoleon's Great Adversaries: Archduke Charles and the Austrian Army 1792–1814. Spellmount: Stroud, (Gloucester), 2007. ISBN 978-1-86227-383-2.
Schroeder, Paul W. The Collapse of the Second Coalition. Journal of Modern History (The University of Chicago Press). 1987, 59 (2): 244–290 [22 February 2022]. JSTOR 1879727. S2CID 144734206. doi:10.1086/243185. （原始内容存档于2022-03-18）.
Schroeder, Paul W. The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848 (1994) 920 pp; advanced history and analysis of major diplomacy online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998. ISBN 1-85367-276-9
_____. Klenau （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "Mesko" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "Quosdanovich" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Leopold Kudrna and Digby Smith (compilers). A biographical dictionary of all Austrian Generals in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815. The Napoleon Series, Robert Burnham, editor in chief. April 2008 version. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
_____. Charge! Great cavalry charges of the Napoleonic Wars. London: Greenhill, 2007. ISBN 978-1-85367-722-9
Thompson, J.M. Napoleon Bonaparte: His Rise and Fall. Oxford U.P. 1951 [2022-06-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-15）., 412 pages; by an Oxford scholar

日期

1799年-1802年

地点

中欧、意大利

结果

法軍獲勝, 法奧簽訂呂內維爾條約, 法英簽訂亞眠和約

註腳

參考文獻

Acerbi, Enrico. "The 1799 Campaign in Italy: Klenau and Ott Vanguards and the Coalition’s Left Wing April–June 1799" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Napoleon Series, Robert Burnham, editor in chief. March 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2009.
Ashton, John. English caricature and satire on Napoleon I. London: Chatto & Windus, 1888.
Blanning, Timothy. The French Revolutionary Wars. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-340-56911-5.
Boycott-Brown, Martin. The Road to Rivoli. London: Cassell & Co., 2001. ISBN 0-304-35305-1.
Bruce, Robert B. et al. Fighting techniques of the Napoleonic Age, 1792–1815. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, St. Martin's Press, 2008, 978-0312375874
Chandler, David. The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York: Macmillan, 1966. ISBN 978-0-02-523660-8; comprehensive coverage of N's battles
Clausewitz, Carl von (2020). Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-3025-7
Clausewitz, Carl von (2021). The Coalition Crumbles, Napoleon Returns: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 2. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-3034-9* Dwyer, Philip. Napoleon: The Path to Power (2008) excerpt vol 1 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Englund, Steven. Napoleon: A Political Life. Scribner. 2010. ISBN 978-0674018037.
Gill, John. Thunder on the Danube Napoleon's Defeat of the Habsburgs, Volume 1. London: Frontline Books, 2008, ISBN 978-1-84415-713-6.
Griffith, Paddy. The Art of War of Revolutionary France, 1789–1802 (1998)
Hochedlinger, Michael. Austria's Wars of Emergence 1683–1797. London: Pearson, 2003, ISBN 0-582-29084-8.
Kagan, Frederick W. The End of the Old Order. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press 2006, ISBN 978-0-306-81545-4.
Kent, Emerson. War of the Second Coalition 1789–1802. Emerson Kent.com: World History for the Relaxed Historian. Emerson Kent. 2016 [30 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-19）.
Mackesy, Piers. British Victory in Egypt: The End of Napoleon's Conquest (2010)
Mackesy, Piers. War Without Victory: The Downfall of Pitt, 1799–1802 (1984)
Markham, Felix. Napoleon. Mentor. 1963 [2022-06-12]. （原始内容存档于2010-04-20）.; 303 pages; short biography by an Oxford scholar
McLynn, Frank. Napoleon. Pimlico. 1998. ISBN 0-7126-6247-2.; well-written popular history
Pivka, Otto von. Armies of the Napoleonic Era. New York: Taplinger Publishing, 1979. ISBN 0-8008-5471-3
Phipps, Ramsay Weston. The Armies of the First French Republic, volume 5: The armies of the Rhine in Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt and the coup d'état of Brumaire, 1797–1799, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939.
Roberts, Andrew. Napoleon: A Life (2014)
Rodger, Alexander Bankier. The War of the Second Coalition: 1798 to 1801, a strategic commentary (Clarendon Press, 1964)
Rothenberg, Gunther E. Napoleon's Great Adversaries: Archduke Charles and the Austrian Army 1792–1814. Spellmount: Stroud, (Gloucester), 2007. ISBN 978-1-86227-383-2.
Schroeder, Paul W. The Collapse of the Second Coalition. Journal of Modern History (The University of Chicago Press). 1987, 59 (2): 244–290 [22 February 2022]. JSTOR 1879727. S2CID 144734206. doi:10.1086/243185. （原始内容存档于2022-03-18）.
Schroeder, Paul W. The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848 (1994) 920 pp; advanced history and analysis of major diplomacy online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998. ISBN 1-85367-276-9
_____. Klenau （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "Mesko" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "Quosdanovich" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Leopold Kudrna and Digby Smith (compilers). A biographical dictionary of all Austrian Generals in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815. The Napoleon Series, Robert Burnham, editor in chief. April 2008 version. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
_____. Charge! Great cavalry charges of the Napoleonic Wars. London: Greenhill, 2007. ISBN 978-1-85367-722-9
Thompson, J.M. Napoleon Bonaparte: His Rise and Fall. Oxford U.P. 1951 [2022-06-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-15）., 412 pages; by an Oxford scholar

註腳

參考文獻

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第二次反法同盟

註腳

參考文獻

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