1964年5月,邁阿密大學海洋科学研究所、哥伦比亚大学拉蒙特-多尔蒂地球观测所、加利福尼亚大学斯克里普斯海洋研究所及伍兹霍尔海洋研究所联合组成了地球深部取样海洋研究机构联合体(Joint Oceangraphic Institutions Deep Earth Sampling,JOIDES),不久华盛顿大学加入联合体。1965年,JOIDES 在美国佛罗里达半岛东海岸钻了14口井,取得了一些很有价值的成果。1966年6月24日,美国国家科学基金会指定加利福尼亚大学斯克里普斯海洋研究所为 JOIDES 的操作单位,与之签订协议,由基金会提供1260万美元实施深海钻探计划,以取代耗资不菲的莫霍计划。1968年,深海钻探计划的专用钻探船,由环球海洋钻探公司建造的“格罗玛·挑战者号”建成下水并交付使用。
实施过程
在1968年至1983年的15年里,“格罗玛·挑战者号”完成了96个钻探航次,总里程超过60×104公里,在624个钻位上钻探了1092个深海钻孔,采集深海岩心总长超过97公里,采集范围覆盖了除北冰洋之外的全球各大洋。随着第一阶段(1-9航次)、第二阶段(10-25航次)和第三阶段(26-44航次)的顺利展开,1975年,苏联、联邦德国、英国、日本等国也加入了该项计划,深海钻探计划进入了大洋钻探的国际协作阶段(International Phase of Ocean Drilling,IPOD)。1983年11月,“格罗玛·挑战者号”退役,接替它的是更加先进的“乔迪斯·决心号”,深海钻探计划也随之改称为大洋钻探计划。
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