果蝇科（学名：Drosophilidae）为双翅目的一个科。已知有76个属，超过4,500种[1]。
果蝇科昆虫通常在腐烂的瓜果、真菌等基质上产卵，幼虫以这些食物为生[1]。
本科包括以下属：[2]
- Acletoxenus von Frauenfeld, 1868
- Allophortica Maca, 2003
- Allopygaea Tsacas, 2000
- 绕眼果蝇属 Amiota Loew, 1862
- Amphononeura
- Anastega Sidorenko, 2002
- Apacrochaeta Duda, 1927
- Apenthecia Tsacas, 1983
- Apsiphortica Okada, 1971
- Arengomyia Yafuso et Toda, 2008
- Baeodrosophila Wheeler et Takada, 1964
- Balara Bock, 1982
- Bialba Bock, 1989
- Cacoxenus Loew, 1858
- Calatila Strand, 1927
- Calodrosophila Wheeler et Takada, 1964
- Celidosoma Hardy, 1965
- Chaetodrosophilella Duda, 1923
- 吸汁果蝇属 Chymomyza Czerny, 1903
- Cladochaeta Coquillett, 1900
- Clastopteromyia Malloch, 1924
- Collessia Bock, 1982
- 芋果蝇属 Colocasiomyia de Meijere, 1914
- Crincosia Bock, 1982
- Deplanothyrea Okada, 1980
- Dettopsomyia Lamb, 1914
- Diathoenura
- Diathoneura Duda, 1924
- 双鬃果蝇属 Dichaetophora
- Dicladochaeta Malloch, 1932
- 果蝇属 Drosophila Fallen, 1823
- Drosophilella Duda, 1924
- Drosophillela
- Electrophortica Hennig, 1965
- Elmomyza Hackman, 1982
- Eostegana Hendel, 1913
- Erima Kertész, 1899
- Gitona Meigen, 1830
- Gitonides Knab
- Grimshawomyia Hardy, 1965
- Hemiscaptomyza Hackman, 1959
- 毛果蝇属 Hirtodrosophila O.Duda, 1923
- Hyalistata Wheeler, 1960
- Impatiophila
- Jeannelopsis Séguy, 1938
- Laccodrosophila Duda, 1927
- Lencophenga (Lencophenga)
- 白果蝇属 Leucophenga Mik, 1886
- Leucophengae
- Liodrosophila Duda, 1922
- 头滑果蝇属 Lissocephala Malloch, 1929
- 拱背果蝇属 Lordiphosa Basden, 1961
- Luzonimyia Malloch, 1926
- Macroptera Duda, 1927
- Marquesia Malloch, 1932
- Mayagueza Wheeler, 1960
- Mesoscaptomyza Hackman, 1959
- 微果蝇属 Microdrosophila Malloch, 1921
- Miomyia Grimaldi, 1987
- Mulgravea Bock, 1982
- Mycodrosophila Oldenberg, 1914
- Neorhinoleucophenga Duda, 1924
- Neotanygastrella Duda, 1925
- 岛果蝇属 Nesiodrosophila Wheeler et Takada, 1964
- Palmomyia Grimaldi, 2003
- Palmophila Grimaldi, 2003
- Paracacoxenus Hardy, 1960
- Paracaptomyza
- 副白果蝇属 Paraleucophenga Hendel, 1914
- Paraliodrosophila Duda, 1925
- Paramycodrosophila Duda, 1924
- Paranycodrosophila
- Parapenthecia Toda et Peng, 1992
- Paraphortica Duda, 1934
- 拟鼻白果蝇属 Pararhinoleucophenga Duda, 1924
- Parastegana
- 伏果蝇属 Phortica Schiner, 1862
- Phorticella Duda, 1924
- Phragmitoxenus Gornostaev, 1995
- Platyborborus Meijere, 1914
- Poliocephala Bock, 1989
- Promycodrosophila Okada, 1986
- Protochymomyza Grimaldi, 1987
- Pseudiastata Coquillett, 1908
- Pseudocacoxenus Duda, 1925
- 拟冠果蝇属 Pseudostegana Gong et Chen, 2018
- Pyrgometopa Kertész, 1901
- Rhinoleucophenga Hendel, 1917
- Samoaia Malloch, 1934
- Sapromyza Fallén, 1810
- 花果蝇属 Scaptodrosophila Fallén, 1823
- Scaptomyza Hardy, 1850
- Simphthalmus
- Soederbomia Hendel, 1938
- Sphaerogastrella Duda, 1922
- Sphyrnoceps Meijere, 1916
- Spuristyloptera
- 冠果蝇属 Stegana Meigen, 1830
- Stegophortica Duda, 1924
- Styloptera Duda, 1924
- Tambourella
- Thyreocephala Okado, 1985
- Titanochaeta Knab
- Trachyleucophenga Hendel, 1917
- Upolumyia Malloch, 1934
- Xenophorticella Okada et Carson, 1983
- Zaprionus Coquillett, 1901
- Zapriothrica Wheeler, 1956
- Zapriouns
- Zaropunis Tsacas, 1990
- Zygothrica Wiedemann, 1830
Gong, Xintong; Chen, Fei; Gao, Huanhuan; Xi, Xinqiang. Larva and adult competition between two Drosophila species and the effects on species coexistence. Biodiversity Science. 2023-08-20, 31 (8): 22603. doi:10.17520/biods.2022603.
