极端电影(英語:extreme cinema)是指電影的一個子類型,其特點是使用過度的性和暴力,以及含有肢解和酷刑等各種極端的性質。近年来,极端电影专注于类型片,主要是恐怖片和剧情片。
21世纪亚洲电影的日益流行为极端电影的发展做出了贡献,尽管极端电影仍被视为以恐怖電影为基础的流派[1]。作为一个相对较新的流派,极端电影备受争议,并且在主流媒体中普遍不被接受[2]。极端电影的目标是特定而小众的观众群体[3]。
极端电影的前史可以追溯到对藝術電影的审查以及20世纪上半叶开始在英语市场上进行的经典剝削電影的广告策略,以及后来对性的自由呈现[4]。
“极端电影”这个名称源自于一系列亚洲电影,其结合了极端暴力、恐怖和令人震惊的情节等引人注意的特征[5]。极端电影可以追溯到“亚洲极端”(Asian Extreme),这个术语用于描述日本和其他亚洲电影的过度特性。早期的亚洲极端电影例子包括1998年《午夜凶鈴》和2000年《大逃殺》[6]。
极端电影受到影评人和公众的高度批评和争议。对于这些电影中过度性化的争议使其成为对“主流”社会标准的威胁[7]。
对于现代电影中暴力的使用的增加也受到了批评。自从70年代血腥砍杀电影的出现以来,极端电影的日益流行导致了大众媒体中的随意暴力[8]。一些人批评极端电影让青少年容易接触和无意识地将其作为受众[9]。
《粉红色火烈鸟》於2021年入選國家影片登記表[79]。
《迷上癮》和《原罪犯》被BBC評為21世紀百大電影[80]。
作为媒体中的其他例子,可以看到在日漫、电视和电子游戏中,因为其性质与极端电影相关或受其启发而呈现出多样化的表现(例如《烙印勇士》[81]、《权力的游戏》[82]、《回復術士的重啟人生》[83][84]、2007年《俠盜獵魔2》[85][86]和2018年游戏《恐惧与饥饿》[87])。
Lee, Eunah. “Trauma, excess, and the aesthetics of the affect: the extreme cinemas of Chan-Wook Park.” Post Script 2014:33. Literature Resource Center. Web. 7 Feb. 2016.
Pett, E. “A New Media Landscape? The BBFC, Extreme Cinema As Cult, And Technological Change.” New Review of Film and Television Studies 13.1 (2015): 83-99. Scopus. Web. 9 Feb. 2016
Sapolsky, Barry S., Fred Moliter, and Sarah Luque. “Sex and Violence in Slasher Films: Re-examining the Assumptions.” J&MC Quarterly 80.1 (2003): 28-38. SAGE Journals. Web. 9 Feb. 2016.
Sargent, James D., Todd F. Hetherton, M. Bridget Ahrens, Madeline A. Dalton, Jennifer J. Tickle, and Michael L. Beach. “Adolescent Exposure to Extremely Violent Movies.” Journal of Adolescent Health 31.6 (2002): 449-454. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog. Web.
Extreme Cinema. Edinburgh University Press Books. [2023-06-05]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-19).
- Lee, Eunah. “Trauma, excess, and the aesthetics of the affect: the extreme cinemas of Chan-Wook Park.” Post Script 2014:33. Literature Resource Center. Web. 7 Feb. 2016.
- Review of Film And Television Studies 13.1 (2015): 83-99. Scopus. Web. 7 Feb. 2016
- Totaro, Donato. “Sex and Violence: Journey into Extreme Cinema.” Offscreen7.11 (2003): n. pag. Web.
- King, Mike. The American Cinema of Excess: Extremes Of The National Mind On Film. n.p.: Jefferson, N.C : McFarland, c2009., 2009. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog. Web. 10. Feb. 2016
- Malamuth, Neil. “Media's New Mood: Sexual Violence.” Media's New Mood: Sexual Violence. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2016.
- Fyfe, Kristen. “More Violence, More Sex, More Troubled Kids.” Media Research Center. MRC Culture, 11 Jan. 2007. Web. 9 Feb. 2016
- Pett, E. “A New Media Landscape? The BBFC, Extreme Cinema As Cult, And Technological Change.” New Review of Film and Television Studies 13.1 (2015): 83-99. Scopus. Web. 9 Feb. 2016
- Dirks, Tim. “100 Most Controversial Films of All Time.” 100 Most Controversial Films of All Time. Filmsite, n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2016.
- Sapolsky, Barry S., Fred Moliter, and Sarah Luque. “Sex and Violence in Slasher Films: Re-examining the Assumptions.” J&MC Quarterly 80.1 (2003): 28-38. SAGE Journals. Web. 9 Feb. 2016.
- Sargent, James D., Todd F. Hetherton, M. Bridget Ahrens, Madeline A. Dalton, Jennifer J. Tickle, and Michael L. Beach. “Adolescent Exposure to Extremely Violent Movies.” Journal of Adolescent Health 31.6 (2002): 449-454. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog. Web.