成对比较(英語:Pairwise comparison)用于确定两件事之间哪个更好,对于每个可能的对象做比对。在某些情况下,两者可能同样好。成对比较用于研究偏好。
每当在两件事之间表达偏好时,就可以进行成对比较。 如果例如两个选择分别是x和y ,以下这三个成对比较是可能的:
x优于y :“ x>y" 或 "xPy"
y优于x:“ y>x" 或 "yPx"
x和y一样好:“ x=y“ 或 "xIy"
对于给定的决策代理,传递性规则如下:
如果xPy并且满足yPz,则xPz
如果xPy并且满足yIz,则xPz
如果xIy并且满足yPz,则xPz
如果xIy并且满足yIz,则xIz
成對比較的一個重要應用是受到廣泛使用的層級分析法,這種方法將複雜的問題系統化,幫助人們處理複雜的決策。它使用有形和無形因素的成對比較來構建可幫助決策的比率量表[1][2]
层次分析法
偏好(经济学)
孔多塞法: 这种方法将每个选项与所有其他的选项成对比较确定多数人的偏好
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