堇菜属

堇菜属（学名：Viola）是堇菜科下最大的一属植物，约500种，分布于全世界，主产地在北温带，此外在夏威夷、大洋洲以及南美洲安第斯山脉亦有分布^[1]。大多为多年生草本，少数为一年生或灌木。该属植物大多具有两型闭花受精现象^[2]。

堇菜属
香堇菜
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支：	蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目：	金虎尾目 Malpighiales
科：	堇菜科 Violaceae
属：	堇菜属 Viola L., 1753
种
见正文
異名
Chrysion Spach Cittaronium Rchb. Crocion Nieuwl. Dischidium Rchb. Erpetion DC. ex Sweet Grammeionium Rchb. Ion Medik. Jacea Opiz Lophion Spach Mnemion Spach Oionychion Nieuwl.

属名Viola源于拉丁语viola，即堇菜，这个词常被误译成紫羅蘭，因此容易與上項混淆。例如用于制作“紫罗兰香水”的“紫罗兰”实际上是香堇菜。

三色堇雜交品種，出現於BBC Gardeners' World節目，2011年6月。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：^[3]

• Viola abbreviata J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• 埃塞俄比亚堇菜 Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv.
• Viola acanthophylla Leyb. ex Reiche
• Viola acanthophylla Leyb., 1873
• Viola accrescens Klokov
• Viola acrocerauniensis Erben
• 鸡腿堇菜 Viola acuminata Ledeb.
• 尖叶堇菜 Viola acutifolia (Kar. & Kir.) W.Becker
• 岩生堇菜 Viola adenothrix Hayata
• Viola adunca Sm.
• Viola adunca var. adunca × Viola labradorica Linnaeus
• Viola aethnensis (Ging.) Strobl
• Viola aethnensis Parl.
• 埃托利亚堇菜 Viola aetolica Boiss. & Heldr.
• Viola affinis Leconte
• Viola aguilaris Sennen & Gonzalo
• Viola aizoon Reiche
• 帕米尔堇菜 Viola alaica Vved.
• Viola alba Besser
• Viola alba × collina
• Viola alba × hirta
• Viola alba × odorata
• Viola alba × hirta
• Viola alba × odorata
• 朝鲜堇菜 Viola albida Palib.
• Viola alburnica Ricceri & Moraldo
• Viola alexandrowiana (W.Becker) Juz.
• Viola alexejana Kamelin & Junussov
• Viola algida Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819
• Viola algida Kunth ex Schult.
• Viola allchariensis Beck
• Viola alliariifolia Nakai
• Viola allionii Hegetschw.
• Viola allochroa Botsch.
• Viola alpestris Hegetschw.
• 高山堇菜 Viola alpina Jacq.
• 阿尔泰堇菜 Viola altaica KerGawl.
• 奄美堇菜 Viola amamiana Hatus.
• Viola amani Post
• Viola ambigua Barceló
• Viola ambigua Waldst. & Kit.
• Viola amiatina Ricceri & Moraldo
• 额穆尔堇菜 Viola amurica
• Viola anagae Gilli
• Viola andersonii Greene
• Viola andina W.Becker
• Viola andrasovszkyi Jávorka, 1921
• Viola angkae Craib
• Viola angustifolia Phil.
• Viola anisopetala Greene
• Viola anitae J.M.Watson
• 越南堇菜 Viola annamensis Baker fil.
• Viola anodonta Greene
• Viola anomala Kit. ex Colla
• 阿波山堇菜 Viola apoensis Elmer
• Viola araucaniae W.Becker
• Viola arborescens L.
• Viola arcuata Blume
• Viola argenteria Moraldo & Forneris
• 阿根廷堇菜 Viola argentina W.Becker
• Viola argentinensis Speg.
• Viola arguta Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.
• Viola arguta Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
• Viola arsenica Beck
• 野生堇菜 Viola arvensis Murray
• Viola arvensis × cornuta
• Viola arvensis × tricolor
• Viola arvensis × wittrockiana
• Viola arvensoides Strobl
• Viola athois W.Becker
• Viola atropurpurea Leyb.
• Viola aurantiaca Leyb.
• Viola aurata Phil.
• Viola auricolor Skottsb.
• 具耳堇菜 Viola auriculata Leyb.
• 华南堇菜 Viola austrosinensis Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
• 滇南堇菜 Viola austroyunnanensis Y.S. Chen, 2023^[4]
• Viola awagatakensis T.Yamaz., I.Ito & Ageishi
• Viola babunensis Erben
• Viola bakeri Greene
• Viola balansae Gagnep.
• Viola balcanica Delip.
• 盐源堇菜 Viola bambusetorum
• Viola bangii Rusby
• 积雪草叶堇菜 Viola banksii K.R.Thiele & Prober
• 宝山堇菜 Viola baoshanensis W.S.Shu, W.Liu & C.Y.Lan
• Viola barhalensis G.Knoche & Marcussen
• Viola barkalovii Bezd.
• Viola barroetana W.Schaffn.
• Viola barroetana W.Schaffn. ex Hemsl.
• Viola baxteri House
• Viola beamanii Calderón
• Viola beati J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola beckeriana J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola beckiana Fiala
• Viola beckiana Fiala ex Beck
• Viola beckwithii A.Heller
• Viola beckwithii Torr. & A.Gray
  • Viola beckwithii × utahensis
• 枪叶堇菜 Viola belophylla Boissieu
• Viola bertolonii Pio
• Viola besseri Rupr.
• 戟叶堇菜 Viola betonicifolia Sm.
• 不丹堇菜 Viola bhutanica Hara
• 双色堇菜 Viola bicolor Pursh
• 双花堇菜 Viola biflora L.
  • Viola biflora var. carlottae × Viola glabella
• Viola bilczensis Blocki
• Viola binayensis Okamoto & K.Ueda
• Viola bissetii Maxim.
• Viola biturigensis Boreau ex Déségl.
• Viola blanda Schott
• Viola blanda Willd.
• Viola blandaeformis Nakai, 1925
• Viola blaxlandii J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola bocquetiana Yild.
• 姫深山堇菜 Viola boissieuana Makino
• 玻利维亚堇菜 Viola boliviana Britton
• Viola bornmuelleri Erben
• Viola bourgaei Rouy
• 兴安圆叶堇菜 Viola brachyceras
• Viola brachypetala Gay
• 短叶堇菜 Viola brachyphylla W.Becker
• Viola brevicaulis Raeusch.
• 短花堇菜 Viola breviflora Jungsim Lee & M.Kim
• Viola brevistipulata (Fr. & Sav.) W.Becker
• Viola bridgesii Britton
• Viola brittoniana Pollard
• Viola brooksii Kellogg
• Viola bruneauniana Bailly
• Viola bubanii Timb.-Lagr.
• Viola buchteinii Gand.
• Viola buchtienii Gand.
• 鳞茎堇菜 Viola bulbosa Maxim.
• Viola bungeana Rupr.
• Viola bustillosia Gay
• Viola caflishii Woerl.
• Viola calabra (A.Terracc.) Ricceri & Moraldo
• Viola calamaria Steud.
• 距瓣堇菜 Viola calcarata L.
• Viola calcarata Sm., 1806
• Viola calchaquiensis W.Becker
• 喜钙堇菜 Viola calcicola R.A.McCauley & H.E.Ballard
• Viola calderensis W.Becker
• Viola caleyana G.Don
• Viola californica Greene
• Viola calthifolia Poir.
• 阔紫叶堇菜 Viola cameleo H.Boissieu
• 加拿大堇菜 Viola canadensis L.
• 灰堇菜 Viola canescens Wall. ex Roxb.
• 犬堇菜 Viola canina L.
• Viola canobarbata Leyb.
• Viola capillaris Pers.
• Viola cardaminifolia Greene, 1901
• Viola caspia (Rupr.) Freyn
• Viola cassinensis Strobl
• Viola castillonii (W.Becker) Xifreda & Sanso
• 高加索堇菜 Viola caucasica (Rupr.) Kolen. ex Juz.
• Viola caucasica Kolen.
• Viola caucasica Kolen. ex Rupr.
• Viola cazorlensis Gand.
• Viola cenisia L.
• Viola centellifolia Greene
• Viola cephalonica Bornm.
• Viola cerasifolia A.St.-Hil.
• Viola cervatiana Ricceri & Moraldo
• 南山堇菜 Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W.Becker
• Viola chamaedrys Leyb.
• Viola chamissoniana Ging.
• 张氏堇菜 Viola changii J.S.Zhou & F.W.Xing
• Viola charlestonensis M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen ex Clokey
• Viola charophylloides (Regal) W.Becker
• Viola chassanica Kork.
• Viola cheelooi Jacot Guill.
• Viola cheeseana J.M.Watson
• Viola cheiranthifolia Humb. & Bonpl.
• Viola cheiranthifolia Kunth
• Viola chejuensis Y.N.Lee & Y.C.Oh
• Viola chelmea Boiss. & Heldr.
• Viola chiapasiensis W.Becker
• Viola chinoi
• Viola christii F.O.Wolf
• Viola christii W.Wolf
• Viola cilentana Ricceri & Moraldo
• Viola cilicica Contandr. & Quézel
• Viola ciliolata Schltr.
• Viola cinerea Boiss.
• Viola clarkae A.Nelson, 1912
• Viola clauseniana Baker
• Viola clementiana Boiss.
• Viola cochleata Coincy
• Viola cochranei H.E.Ballard
• 球果堇菜 Viola collina Besser
  • Viola collina × hirta
  • Viola collina × hirta x odorata
  • Viola collina × odorata
  • Viola collina × hirta
  • Viola collina × odorata
• Viola colubrina Wedd. ex W.Becker
• Viola columnaris Skottsb.
• Viola commersonii DC.
• Viola commersonii DC. ex Ging.
• Viola communis Pollard
• Viola commutata Waisb.
• Viola comollia Massara
• Viola comollia Messara
• Viola concolor E.H.L.Krause
• 心叶堇菜 Viola concordifolia C.J.Wang
• 密叶堇菜 Viola confertifolia Chang
• 短毛堇菜 Viola confusa
• 密花堇菜 Viola congesta Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.
• Viola congesta Gillies, 1833
• Viola consanguinea Schott
• 角堇菜 Viola cornuta L.
• Viola coronifera W.Becker
• Viola corralensis Phil.
• 科西嘉堇菜 Viola corsica Jord.
• Viola corsica Nyman
• Viola cotyledon Ging.
• 高岭堇菜 Viola crassa (Makino) Makino
• 厚叶堇菜 Viola crassifolia Fenzl
• Viola crassiuscula Bory
• Viola cryana Gillot
• Viola cuatrecasasii L.B.Sm. & A.Fernández
• Viola cucullata Aiton
• Viola cucullifolia Wender.
• Viola cucullifolia Wender. ex Steud.
• Viola cuicochensis Hieron.
• Viola culminis F.Fen. & Moraldo
• Viola cuneata S.Watson
• Viola cunninghamii Hook.fil.
• Viola curicoensis W.Becker
• Viola curtisiae (L.G.Adams) K.R.Thiele
• Viola curvicalcarata W.Becker & H.Boissieu
• 鄂西堇菜 Viola cuspidifolia W.Becker
• Viola cyathiformis W.Becker
• Viola czemalensis Zuev
• Viola dacica Borbás
• 掌叶堇菜 Viola dactyloides Roem. & Schult.
• Viola dalatensis Gagnep.
• Viola dandoisiorum J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola danielae Pînzaru
• 粗毛叶堇菜 Viola dasyphylla W.Becker
• 深圆齿堇菜 Viola davidii Franch.
• Viola davisiae House
• Viola debilis Pursh
• Viola decipiens Reiche
• Viola declinata Waldst. & Kit.
• Viola decora Formánek
• Viola decumbens L.fil.
• Viola delabordii
• 灰叶堇菜 Viola delavayi Franch.
• Viola delphinantha Boiss.
• Viola demetria Prolongo ex Boiss.
• Viola denarieana Beauverd
• Viola denizliensis O.D.Dücen, Göktürk, U.Sarpkaya & B.Gürcan
• Viola dentriculosa Pollard
• 大叶堇菜 Viola diamantiaca Nakai
• Viola diandra L.
• Viola dichroa Boiss. & A.Huet
• 七星莲 Viola diffusa Ging. ex DC.
• 光蔓茎堇菜 Viola diffusoides
• 轮叶堇菜 Viola dimorphophylla Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
• Viola dioszegiana Borbás
• Viola dirimliensis Blaxland
• Viola dirphya A.Tiniakou
• Viola disjuncta W.Becker
• 裂叶堇菜 Viola dissecta Ledeb.
• 异叶堇菜 Viola diversifolia (Ging.) W.Becker
• Viola doerfleri Degen
• 长距堇菜 Viola dolichoceras
• Viola dombeyana DC. ex Ging.
• Viola domeykoana Gay
• Viola domingensis Urb.
• Viola douglasii Steud.
• Viola dravica Murr
• Viola dubia E.H.L.Krause
• Viola dubyana Burnat ex Gremli
• 紫点堇菜 Viola duclouxii W.Becker
• Viola dukadjinica W.Becker & Kogan.
• Viola dumoulinii Groner
• Viola dyris Maire
• Viola eburnea Gerbault
• Viola ecuadorensis W.Becker
• Viola egglestonii Brainerd
• Viola elata Gueldenst.
• 高堇菜 Viola elatior Fr.
  • Viola elatior × pumila
  • Viola elatior × pumila
  • Viola elatior × riviniana
  • Viola elatior × stagnina
• Viola elegantula Greene
• Viola elegantula Schott
• Viola elongata Poir.
• Viola eminens K.R.Thiele & Prober
• Viola eminii (Engl.) Fr.
• Viola eminii (Engl.) R.E.Fr.
• Viola enmae P.Gonzáles
• 溪堇菜 Viola epipsila Ledeb.
• Viola epipsila × palustris
• Viola epirota (Halácsy) Raus
• Viola ermenekensis Yild. & Dinç
• Viola erythraeae Chiov.
• Viola escarapela J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola esculenta Elliott
• Viola etrusca Erben
• Viola euboea (Halácsy) Halácsy
• Viola eucycla Greene
• Viola eugeniae Parl.
• Viola eurybiifolia Greene
• Viola evae Hieron.
• Viola evae Hieron. ex W.Becker
• Viola excelsa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819
• Viola exigua Vell.
• 卓越堇菜 Viola eximia Formánek
• Viola exsul J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola farkasiana J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• 长梗紫花堇菜 Viola faurieana W.Becker
• Viola fedtschenkoana W.Becker
• Viola ferdinandea Ricceri & Moraldo
• Viola ferrarinii Moraldo & Ricceri
• Viola ferreyrae P.Gonzáles
• Viola filicaulis Hook.fil.
• Viola fischeri W.Becker
• 总裂叶堇菜 Viola fissifolia Kitag.
• Viola flagelliformis Hemsl.
• Viola flahaultiana Sennen
• 南美黄堇菜 Viola flavicans Wedd.
• Viola flavida Schur
• Viola flettii Piper
• Viola flos-evae Hieron. ex Hicken, 1922
• Viola flos-idae Hieron.
• Viola fluehmannii Phil.
• Viola fluhmannii Phil.
• Viola fontanesi Coss.
• 台湾堇菜 Viola formosana Hayata
• 羽裂堇菜 Viola forrestiana W.Becker
• Viola forskaalii Greuter
• Viola fragrans Sieber
• Viola frank-smithii N.H.Holmgren
• Viola fraterna Hegetschw.
• Viola fridericae Becker
• Viola friderici W.Beckcr
• 冷地堇菜 Viola frigida Phil.
• 多叶堇菜 Viola frondosa (Velen.) Hayek
• Viola frusinatae Ricceri & Moraldo
• Viola frutescens Phil., 1895
• Viola fruticosa W.Becker
• Viola fuscifolia W.Becker
• Viola fuscoviolacea (L.G.Adams) T.A.James
• Viola galeanaensis M.S.Baker
• Viola gan-chouenensis W.Becker
• Viola ganiatsasii Erben
• Viola gaviolii Ricceri & Moraldo
• Viola gelida J.M.Watson, M.P.Cárdenas & A.R.Flores
• Viola germainii Sparre
• Viola gibbosa Raf., 1818
• Viola glabella Nutt.
• Viola glacialis Poepp. & Endl.
• Viola glandularis H.E.Ballard & P.M.Jørg.
• Viola glechomoides Leyb.
• 兴安堇菜 Viola gmeliniana Roem. & Schult.
• Viola godoyae Phil.
• Viola gracilis Sibth. & Sm.
• Viola gracillima A.St.-Hil.
• Viola graeca (W.Becker) Halácsy
• Viola grahamii Benth.
• Viola granatensis Huter
• Viola grandiflora Griseb.
• 阔萼堇菜 Viola grandisepala W.Becker
• Viola granulosa Wedd.
• Viola grayi Franch. & Sav.
• Viola grisebachiana Vis.
• 紫花堇菜 Viola grypoceras A.Gray
• Viola guadalupensis A.M.Powell & Wauer
• 广州堇菜 Viola guangzhouensis A.Q.Dong, J.S.Zhou & F.W.Xing
• 危地马拉堇菜 Viola guatemalensis W.Becker
• Viola guaxarensis M.Marrero, Docoito Díaz & Martín Esquivel
• Viola hallii A.Gray
• 如意草 Viola hamiltoniana D.Don
• 西山堇菜 Viola hancockii W.Becker
• Viola hastata Michx.
• 常春藤叶堇菜 Viola hederacea Labill.
• 紫叶堇菜 Viola hediniana W.Becker
• Viola heldreichiana Boiss.
• Viola helena C.N.Forbes & Lydgate
• Viola helenae C.N.Forbes & Lydgate
• Viola helleriana W.Becker
• Viola hemsleyana Calderón
• 巫山堇菜 Viola henryi H.Boissieu
• Viola herminii Rothm.
• 河源堇菜 Viola heyuanensis Y.S.Huang, Q.L.Ye & Q.Fan^[5]
• Viola herzogii (W.Becker) Bornm.
• Viola heterophylla Muhl.
• Viola hieronymi W.Becker
• Viola hillii W.Becker
• Viola hirsutula Brainerd
• 毛堇菜 Viola hirta L.，硬毛堇菜
• 毛柄堇菜 Viola hirtipes S.Moore
• Viola hispida Lam.
• Viola hissarica Juz.
• Viola holubyi Schur
• 日本球果堇菜 Viola hondoensis W.Becker & Boissieu
• Viola hookeriana Kunth
• 河北堇菜 Viola hopeiensis
• Viola hortensis Rouy & Foucaud
• 光叶堇菜 Viola hossei
• Viola howellii A.Gray
• Viola huesoensis Martic.
• Viola huidobrii Gay
• Viola huidobrii W.Becker
• 惠州堇菜 Viola huizhouensis Y.S.Huang & Q.Fan
• Viola hultenii W.Becker
• Viola humifusa Vuk.
• Viola humilis Kunth
• Viola humillima Sennen
• 湖南堇菜 Viola hunanensis Hand.-Mazz.
• 丹霞堇菜 Viola hybanthoides W.B.Liao & Q.Fan
• Viola hybrida Krock.
• Viola hydrocotyloides J.B.Armstr.
• Viola hymettia Boiss. & Heldr.
• Viola ilvensis (W.Becker) Arrigoni
• Viola improcera L.G.Adams
• Viola improvisa Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola incomparabilis Schur
• 长萼堇菜 Viola inconspicua Blume
• 印度堇菜 Viola indica W.Becker
• Viola ingolensis Elisafenko
• Viola ingrica M.Bieb. ex Rupr.
• Viola inodora Andrz.
• Viola integerrima Spreng.
• Viola intertexta Beck
• Viola ipecacua L.
• Viola irinae Zolot.
• Viola isaurica Contandr. & Quézel
• Viola italica Voigt ex Bailly
• Viola ivonis Erben
• 屋久岛堇菜 Viola iwagawae Makino
• Viola iwagawai Makino
• Viola jalapaensis W.Becker
• Viola jalapensis W.Becker
• Viola jangiensis W.Becker
• 日本堇菜 Viola japonica Langsd. ex DC.，犁头草
• Viola japonica Langsd. ex Ging.
• Viola jaubertiana Marès & Vigin.
• Viola javanica W.Becker
• Viola jeniseensis Zuev
• 井冈山堇菜 Viola jinggangshanensis Z.L.Ning & J.P.Liao
• Viola joergensenii W.Becker
• Viola johnstonii W.Becker
• Viola jooi Janka
• Viola jordanii Hanry
• Viola juressi Link ex Steud., 1821
• Viola kamibayahsii Nakai
• Viola karakalensis Klokov
• Viola karlreicheana Sanso, M.Seo & Xifreda
• Viola kauaensis A.Gray
• Viola kauensis A.Gray
• 日本圆叶堇菜 Viola keiskei Miq.
• Viola kelleri W.Becker
• Viola kermesina W.Becker
• 江西堇菜 Viola kiangsiensis W.Becker
• Viola kiliensis Prahl
• Viola kitaibeliana Schult.
• Viola kitamiana Nakai
• Viola kizildaghensis Dinç & Yild.
• Viola kjellbergii Melch.
• Viola kjellhergii Melch.
• Viola kochii Kirschl.
• Viola kopaonikensis Pancic ex Tomovic & Niketic
• Viola korahinskyi Juz.
• Viola koritnicensis Trinajstic
• Viola korshinskyi Juz., 1949
• 福建堇菜 Viola kosanensis Hayata
• Viola kosaninii (Degen) Hayek
• Viola kosaninii Degen
• Viola kronenburgii W.Becker
• 西藏堇菜 Viola kunawarensis Royle，也拼作：Viola kunawurensis
• Viola kusanoana Makino
• Viola kusnezowiana W.Becker
• 广东堇菜 Viola kwangtungensis Melch.
• Viola labiosa Sm.
• Viola labradorica Schrank
• Viola lactea Hegetschw.
• Viola lactea Sm.
• 白花堇菜 Viola lactiflora Nakai
• Viola lainzii P.Monts.
• Viola lanaiensis W.Becker
• Viola lanceifolia Schumach. & Thonn.
• Viola lanceolata L.
• Viola lancifolia Steud.
• Viola langeana Valentine
• Viola langsdorffii Fisch. ex DC.
• Viola langsdorfii (Regel) Fisch. ex Ging.
• Viola lanifera W.Becker
• Viola lapeyrousiana (Rouy & Foucaud) A.W.Hill
• Viola largsdorflii Fisch. ex Ging.
• Viola laricicola Marcussen
• Viola latistipula Hemsl.
• Viola latistipulata Hemsl.
• Viola lehmannii W.Becker
• Viola lehmannii W.Becker ex H.E.Ballard & P.Jørg.
• Viola lepidia Jord.
• Viola leyboldiana Phil.
• 莲花山堇菜 Viola lianhuashanensis
• Viola libanotica Boiss.
• Viola ligustina Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
• Viola lilliputana Iltis & H.E.Ballard
• Viola lilloana W.Becker
• Viola limbarae (Merxm. & W.Lippert) Arrigoni
• Viola linariifolia Vahl
• Viola linguifolia Piper, 1914
• Viola lithion N.H.Holmgren & P.K.Holmgren
• Viola livonica Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola llullaillacoensis W.Becker
• 浅裂堇菜 Viola lobata Benth.
• Viola lologensis (W.Becker) J.M.Watson
• Viola longibracteolata P.Gonzales, Ed.Navarro & J.M.Watson, 2022^[6]
• Viola longicaulis Krock.
• Viola longipetiolata Ricceri & Moraldo
• Viola losae Pau
• 亮毛堇菜 Viola lucens W.Becker
• Viola lungtungensis S.S.Ying
• 黄堇菜 Viola lutea Huds.
• Viola lyallii Hook.fil.
• Viola macedonica Boiss. & Heldr.
• Viola macloskeyi F.E.Lloyd
  • Viola macloskeyi × Viola renifolia
• 大距堇菜 Viola macroceras Bunge
• Viola maculata Cav.
• Viola magellanica G.Forst.
• Viola magellanica Poir.
• Viola magellensis Porta & Rigo ex Strobl
• 犁头叶堇菜 Viola magnifica Ching J.Wang ex X.D.Wang
• Viola majchurensis Pissjauk.
• Viola mandonii W.Becker
• 东北堇菜 Viola mandshurica W.Becker
• 猫儿山堇菜 Viola maoershanensis Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
• Viola marcelorosasii J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola marina Bailly
• Viola marina E.Vilm., 1870
• Viola maroccana (Maire) Maire
• Viola mauiensis H.Mann
• 茂丽堇菜 Viola mauritii Tepl.
• Viola maviensis H.Mann
• 小深山堇菜 Viola maximowicziana Makino
• Viola maymanica Grey-Wilson
• Viola mearnsii Merr.
• Viola membranacea W.Becker
• Viola mercurii Orph. ex Halácsy
• Viola merrilliana W.Becker
• Viola merxmuelleri Erben
• Viola mesadensis W.Becker
• Viola metajaponica Nakai
• Viola meyerana Klokov
• Viola miaolingensis Y.S.Chen
• Viola micrantha Albert
• Viola micrantha Porta ex Huter
• Viola micranthella Wedd.
• Viola microcentra W.Becker
• Viola microceras Rupr.
• Viola milanae Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola minuscula Greene
• Viola minuta M.Bieb.
• Viola minutiflora Phil.
• 美丽堇菜 Viola mirabilis L.，奇异堇菜
  • Viola mirabilis × reichenbachiana
  • Viola mirabilis × reichenbachiana x riviniana
  • Viola mirabilis × riviniana
  • Viola mirabilis × rupestris subsp. rupestris
• Viola missouriensis Greene
• Viola modesta Fenzl
• Viola modestula Klokov
• Viola molisana Ricceri & Moraldo
• 维西堇菜 Viola monbeigii W.Becker
• Viola moncaunica Pau
• 蒙古堇菜 Viola mongolica Franch.
• Viola montagnei Gay
• 高堇菜 Viola montana Hegetschw.
• Viola montcaunica Pau
• 荁 Viola moupinensis Franch.
• Viola mrkvickana Velen.
• 小尖堇菜 Viola mucronulifera Hand.-Mazz.
• Viola mudfordei Pollard
• 大黄花堇菜 Viola muehldorfii Kiss
• 木里堇菜 Viola muliensis Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
• Viola munbyana Boiss. & Reut.
• Viola munozensis W.Becker
• Viola murronensis Ricceri & Moraldo
• Viola muscoides Phil.
• 台北堇菜 Viola nagasawae Makino & Hayata，也拼作：Viola nagasawai
• Viola nana (DC.) Le Jol.
• 南岭堇菜 Viola nanlingensis J.S.Zhou & F.W.Xing
• Viola nannae R.E.Fr.
• Viola nannei Pol.
• Viola nantouensis S.S.Ying
• Viola nassauvioides Phil.
• Viola nebrodensis C.Presl
• Viola nemorum Rouy & Foucaud
• Viola nephrodes Raf., 1818
• Viola nephrophylla Greene
• Viola niederleinii W.Becker
• 亮叶堇菜 Viola nitida Y.S.Chen & Q.E.Yang
• Viola nivalis Vest ex Schult.
• Viola nobilis W.Becker
• Viola novae-angliae House
• 云雾堇菜 Viola nubigena Leyb.
• 裸堇菜 Viola nuda W.Becker
• 怒江堇菜 Viola nujiangensis Y.S.Chen & X.H.Jin
• Viola nummulariifolia Vill.
• Viola nuttallii Pursh
• Viola oahuensis C.N.Forbes
• Viola obituaria J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola oblonga Blatt.
• 翠峰堇菜 Viola obtusa (Makino) Makino
• Viola obtusa Freyn ex W.Becker, 1910
• 小花堇菜 Viola occulta Lehm.
• Viola ocellata Torr. & A.Gray
• Viola odontocalycina Boiss.
• 香堇菜 Viola odorata L.
• Viola odorata x suavis
• Viola ogawai Nakai, 1930
• 滇西堇菜 Viola oligoceps Chang
• Viola oligyrtia A.Tiniakou
• Viola orbelica Pancic
• Viola orbiculata Geyer ex A.Gray
• Viola orbiculata Geyer ex Holz.
• Viola orbiculata Geyer ex Hook.
• Viola oreades M.Bieb.
• 东方堇菜 Viola orientalis (Maxim.) W.Becker
• Viola ornata P.Gonzales, Montesinos & J.M.Watson, 2022^[6]
• Viola orphanidis Boiss.
• Viola orthoceras Ledeb.
• Viola ovalleana Phil.
• Viola ovata Raf. ex DC., 1824
• Viola ovatooblonga (Makino) Makino
• Viola oxyodontis H.E.Ballard
• Viola pachyrhizonia F.O.Wolf
• Viola pachyrrhiza Boiss. & Hohen.
• Viola pachysoma ^[7]
• Viola pacifica Juz.
• Viola painteri Rose & House
• Viola palatina Y.N.Lee
• Viola pallascaensis W.Becker
• Viola palmaesis Knowles & Westc.
• 鸡爪叶堇菜 Viola palmata L.
• Viola palmensis Webb & Berthel.
• Viola palustris L.
• Viola papuana W.Becker & Pulle
• Viola paradoxa Lowe
• Viola pariaetariaefolia Banks ex Ging., 1824
• Viola pariaetariifolia Banks ex Ging.
• Viola parnassifolia Greene
• Viola parnonia Kit Tan, Sfikas & Vold
• Viola parva E.Adans.
• Viola parvula Tineo
• 白花地丁 Viola patrinii DC. ex Ging.
• Viola pedata L.
• Viola pedatifida G.Don
• Viola pedunculata Torr. & A.Gray
• 北京堇菜 Viola pekinensis
• 悬果堇菜 Viola pendulicarpa
• 白湾堇菜 Viola pendulipes Yan S.Huang and Q.Fan, 2023（广东）
• Viola pentadactyla Fenzl
• Viola perennis Bailly
• Viola perinensis W.Becker
• 极细堇菜 Viola perpusilla Boissieu
• Viola perreniformis (L.G.Adams) R.J.Little & Leiper
• Viola persicifolia Hegetschw.
• Viola perstolona Borbás
• Viola petelotii W.Becker ex Gagnep.
• Viola petraea W.Becker
• 莤堇菜 Viola phalacrocarpa Maxim.，茜堇菜
• Viola philippiana Greene
• 紫花地丁 Viola philippica Cav.
• Viola philippii Leyb.
• Viola phitosiana Erben
• Viola physaloides Greene
• Viola picta Gillot
• 匍匐堇菜 Viola pilosa Blume
• 松林堇菜 Viola pinetorum Greene
• Viola pinnata L.
• Viola pinnatifida All.
• Viola pitouchaoensis S.S.Ying
• Viola placida W.Becker
• Viola plenigeri Formánek
• Viola pluviae Marcussen, H.E.Ballard & Blaxland
• Viola podolica Andrz.
• Viola podolica Andrz. ex Trautv.
• Viola poetica Boiss. & Spruner
• Viola polycephala H.E.Ballard & P.M.Jørg.
• 多型堇菜 Viola polymorpha
• Viola polyodonta W.Becker
• Viola polypoda Turcz.
• Viola pomelii Sennen & Mauricio
• Viola popetae Sparre
• Viola porphyrea Uechtr. ex Garcke
• Viola portalesia Gay
• Viola portulacea Leyb.
• Viola praemorsa Douglas
• Viola praemorsa Douglas ex Lindley
• Viola prenja Beck
• 锐叶堇菜 Viola pricei W. Becker
• Viola primorskajensis (W.Becker) Vorosch.
• Viola primulifolia L.
• 柔毛堇菜 Viola principis H.Boissieu
• 早开堇菜 Viola prionantha Bunge
• Viola procerior Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
• Viola producta W.Becker
• Viola prostrata Schult.
• Viola pruinosa Pollard
• Viola pseudaetolica Tomovic, Melovski & Niketic
• 假如意草 Viola pseudo-arcuata
• 圆叶堇菜 Viola pseudo-bambusetorum
• Viola pseudograeca Erben
• 多花堇菜 Viola pseudo-monbeigii
• Viola pseudomunbyana W.Becker
• Viola pseudostagnina Vorosch.
• Viola pseudovulcanica W.Becker
• 毛叶黄堇菜 Viola pubescens Aiton
• Viola pubipetala S.S.Ying
• Viola pulvinata Reiche
• Viola pumila Chaix
• Viola punctata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819
• 紫红堇菜 Viola purpurea Kellogg
• Viola pusilla Poepp.
• Viola pusillima Wedd.
• Viola pygmaea Juss. ex Poir.
• 比利牛斯堇菜 Viola pyrenaica Ramond ex DC.
• Viola quercetorum M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen
• 立堇菜 Viola raddeana Regel
• Viola ramiflora K.O.Yoo
• Viola ramosiana W.Becker
• Viola rauliniana Erben
• Viola raunsiensis W.Becker & Kosanin
• Viola rausii Erben
• Viola regina J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola reichei Skottsb.
• Viola reichenbachiana Jord. ex Boreau
  • Viola reichenbachiana × riviniana
  • Viola reichenbachiana × riviniana × rupestris
  • Viola reichenbachiana × riviniana × ruppii
  • Viola reichenbachiana × rupestris
  • Viola reichenbachiana × ruppii
  • Viola reichenbachiana × rupestris subsp. rupestris
  • Viola reichenbachiana × stagnina
  • Viola reichenbachiana × uliginosa
• Viola renifolia A.Gray
• Viola reniformis R.Br. ex B.D.Jacks., 1895
• Viola replicata W.Becker
• Viola reverchonii Wenk
• Viola reverchonii Willk. ex Coincy, 1895
• Viola rheophila Okamoto
• Viola rhodanica Chatenier & Revol
• Viola rhodopaea
• Viola rhodopeia W.Becker
• Viola rhodopensis Formánek
• 菱叶堇菜 Viola rhombifolia Leyb.
• Viola riviniana Rchb.
  • Viola riviniana × rupestris
  • Viola riviniana × ruppii
  • Viola riviniana × rupestris subsp. relicta
  • Viola riviniana × rupestris subsp. rupestris
  • Viola riviniana × stagnina
  • Viola riviniana × uliginosa
• Viola roccabrunensis Espeut
• 圆叶小堇菜 Viola rockiana
• Viola rodriguezii W.Becker
• Viola rogoviczii Andrz. ex Trautv.
• Viola roigii Rossow
• Viola rolandi-bonaparte F.O.Wolf, 1904
• 辽宁堇菜 Viola rossii Hemsl.
• Viola rossowiana J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• 长嘴堇菜 Viola rostrata Pursh
  • 长嘴堇菜原变种 Viola rostrata var. rostrata
  • 日本长嘴堇菜 Viola rostrata var. japonica (W. Becker & H. Boissieu) Ohwi
• 莲座堇菜 Viola rosulata P.Fourn.
• Viola rosulata Poepp. & Endl.
• Viola rotundifolia Hook.
• Viola rotundifolia Michx.
• Viola rouyana F.O.Wolf, 1904
• Viola roxolanica Blocki
• 淡红堇菜 Viola rubella Cav.
• Viola rubrifolia Boiss.
• Viola rubromarginata J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola rudolfii Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola rudolphii Sparre
• Viola rugosa Phi. ex W.Becker
• 石生堇菜 Viola rupestris F.W.Schmidt
  • Viola rupestris subsp. rupestris × uliginosa
  • Viola rupestris × ruppii
• Viola rupicola Elmer
• Viola ruppii All.
• Viola ruppii Hegetschw.
• Viola ruppii Rchb.
• Viola saccata Melch.
• 库页堇菜 Viola sacchalinensis H.Boissieu
• Viola sacculus Skottsb.
• Viola sagittata Aiton
• Viola samothracica (Degen) Raus
• Viola samothraki
• Viola sandaiojiaoensis S.S.Ying
• Viola sandbergii Greene
• Viola sandrasea Melch.
• Viola santiagoensis W.Becker
• Viola santiagonensis W.Becker
• Viola sarotina P.Fourn.
• 辽东堇菜 Viola savatieri
• Viola saxatilis Hoffmanns. ex Roem. & Schult., 1819
• Viola saxifraga Maire
• Viola scabriuscula Schwein. ex Torr. & A.Gray, 1838
• Viola scandens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.
• Viola scandens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
• Viola schachimardanica Khalk.
• Viola schariensis Erben
• 陕西堇菜 Viola schensiensis W.Becker
• Viola schleidettiana Bogenh.
• Viola schneideri W.Becker
• Viola schultzii Billot ex F.W.Schultz
• 肾叶堇菜 Viola schulzeana
• Viola scorpiuroides Coss.
• Viola securigera Greene
• Viola seleriana W.Becker
• 深山堇菜 Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie
• Viola sempervirens Greene
• Viola sempervivum Gay
• 尖山堇菜 Viola senzanensis Hayata
• Viola septemloba Leconte
• Viola sequeirae Capelo, R.Jardim, J.C.Costa, Lousã & Rivas Mart.
• Viola serbica Formánek
• Viola serotina P.Fourn.
• Viola serpentinicola de Salas
• Viola serpyllifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819
• Viola serpyllifolia Kunth ex Roem. & Schult.
• Viola serresiana Erben
• 小齿堇菜 Viola serrula
• Viola sfikasiana Erben
• 小油坑堇菜 Viola shaoyoukengensis S.S.Ying
• Viola sheltonii Torr.
• 四国堇菜 Viola shikokiana Makino
• 新竹堇菜 Viola shinchikuensis Yamam.
• 世纬堇菜 Viola shiweii Xiao C. Li & Z.W.Wang, 以贵州籍采集家邓世纬（191？-1936）的名字命名^[8]
• 麓堇菜 Viola sieboldii Maxim.
• Viola sieheana W.Becker
• 锡金堇菜 Viola sikkimensis W.Becker
• Viola silicestris K.R.Thiele & Prober
• Viola singularis J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola sirinica Ricceri & Moraldo
• Viola skanderbegii Dörfl. & Hayek
• Viola skottsbergiana W.Becker
• Viola slavikii Formánek
• Viola somchetica C.Koch
• Viola somchetica K.Koch
• Viola sordida Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
• Viola sororia Willd.
• Viola spathulata Willd.
• Viola spathulata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
• Viola spegazzinii W.Becker
• 圆果堇菜 Viola sphaerocarpa W.Becker
• Viola stagnina Kit.
• Viola stagnina × uliginosa
• Viola stagnira Kit.
• Viola steinbachii W.Becker
• Viola stenantha Greene
• 庐山堇菜 Viola stewardiana W.Becker
• Viola stipularis Sw.
• Viola stojanovii W.Becker
• Viola stojanowii W.Becker
• Viola stoloniflora Yokota & Higa
• Viola striata Aiton
• Viola striata Hook.
• 圆叶堇菜 Viola striatella H.Boissieu
• Viola striis-notata (J.Wagner) Merxm. & W.Lippert
• Viola stuebelii Hieron.
• Viola suavis (O.Bolòs & Vigo) O.Bolòs & Vigo
• Viola suavis M.Bieb.
• Viola subandina J.M.Watson
• Viola subasica (Fiori) Ricceri & Moraldo
• Viola subatlantica (Maire) Ibn Tattou
• Viola subcrenata Phil. ex F.Meigen
• Viola subdimidiata A.St.-Hil.
• Viola suboderata Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
• Viola subodorata Dalla Torre & Sarnth., 1909
• Viola subrotunda Greene
• Viola subsinuata (Greene) Greene
• Viola suecica Fr.
• 光叶堇菜 Viola sumatrana Miq.
• Viola sylvatica Fr.
• 四川堇菜 Viola szetschwanensis W.Becker & H.Boissieu
• Viola szilyana Borbás
• 泰山堇菜 Viola taishanensis
• Viola takeshimana Nakai
• Viola taltalensis W.Becker
• Viola tanaitica Grosset
• Viola tarbagataica Klokov
• 八重山堇菜 Viola tashiroi Makino
• Viola taurica C.A.Mey. ex Regel
• Viola taynensis Elisafenko
• Viola tectiflora W.Becker
• Viola tenorei N.Terracc.
• 细距堇菜 Viola tenuicornis W.Becker
• Viola tenuipes Pollard
• 心叶茶匙黄 Viola tenuis ，细叶堇菜
• 纤茎堇菜 Viola tenuissima Chang
• Viola teplouchovii Juz.
• Viola teucriifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., 1819
• Viola thasia W.Becker
• Viola thibaudieri Franch. & Sav.
• Viola thomasiana Songeon & Perr.
• 毛堇菜 Viola thomsonii Oudem.
• Viola thymifolia Britton
• 滇西堇菜 Viola tienschiensis
• Viola tineorum Erben & Raimondo
• 东海堇菜 Viola tokaiensis Sugim. ex N. Yamada & Igari
• Viola tokubuchiana Makino
• Viola tomentosa M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen
• Viola tonkinensis Gagnep.
• Viola torresiae Marcet
• Viola tovarii P.Gonzáles & Molina-Alor
• 三角叶堇菜 Viola triangulifolia W.Becker
• 毛瓣堇菜 Viola trichopetala Chang
• 三色堇 Viola tricolor L.
• 大花三色堇 Viola tricolor × wittrockiana
• Viola tridentata Menzies ex DC.
• Viola tridentata Sm.
• Viola tridentina W.Becker
• Viola triflabellata W.Becker
• Viola trinervata (Howell) Howell ex A.Gray
• Viola tripartita Elliott
• Viola tripartita G.Don ex W.H.Baxter, 1850
• Viola trochlearis J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola truncata Meyen
• 雪山堇菜 Viola tsugitakaensis
• 块茎堇菜 Viola tuberifera
• Viola tucumanensis W.Becker
• 土耳其堇菜 Viola turkestanica Regel & Schmalh. ex Regel
• Viola turritella J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola ucriana Erben & Raimondo
• Viola ugamica Juz.
• Viola uliginosa Besser
• Viola umbellata Sessé & Moc.
• Viola umbraticola Kunth
• Viola umphangensis S.Nansai, Srisanga & Suwanph.
• Viola unica J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola uniflora L.
• Viola uniflora Vand. ex Roem.
• Viola uniquissima J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola unwinii W.Becker
• 粗齿堇菜 Viola urophylla Franch.
• 犹他堇菜 Viola utahensis M.S.Baker & J.C.Clausen
• Viola utahensis x beckwithii
• Viola utchinensis Koidz.
• Viola vadimii Vl.V.Nikitin
• 乌泡连 Viola vaginata Maxim.
• Viola valderia All.
• Viola vallenarensis W.Becker
• Viola vallicola A.Nelson
• Viola valvidiana Kalela
• Viola vanroyenii H.St.John
• 斑叶堇菜 Viola variegata Fisch. ex Link
• Viola vectoris Ricceri & Moraldo
• Viola vegetalis Müll.Berol., 1868
• Viola velutina Formánek
• Viola venosa Piper
• 堇菜 Viola verecunda
• Viola veronicaefolia Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch.
• Viola veronicifolia Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch.
• Viola verticillata Cerv.
• Viola villosa Walter
• 紫背堇菜 Viola violacea Makino
• Viola volcanica Gill.
• Viola volcanica Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.
• Viola voliotisii Erben
• Viola vorobievii Bezd.
• Viola vourinensis Erben
• Viola vranicensis Beck
• Viola vulturis Ricceri & Moraldo
• Viola wailenalenae (Rock) Skottsb.
• 西藏细距堇菜 Viola wallichiana Ging. ex DC.
• Viola walteri House
• Viola wansanensis Y.N.Lee
• Viola watsonii Greene
• Viola weberbaueri W.Becker
• 蓼叶堇菜 Viola websteri Hemsl.
• Viola weibelii J.F.Macbr. ex Baehni & Weibel, 1941
• Viola werdermannii W.Becker
• Viola wichurai Nakai, 1928
• 維基百科堇菜 Viola wikipedia
• Viola willkommii R.Roem. ex Willk.
• Viola wilmattae A.Nelson
• Viola wilmattae Pollard & Cockerell, 1902
• 绒毛堇菜 Viola wilsonii W. Becker
• Viola winteri J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
• 大花三色堇 Viola wittrockiana Gams ex Nauenb. & Buttler
• Viola woosanensis Y.N.Lee & J.Kim
• Viola woroschilovii Bezd.
• Viola wrightiana Watt
• 武陵堇菜 Viola wulingensis S.S.Ying
• Viola xanthopotamica J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola xibaoensis S.S.Ying
• Viola yamatsutae Ishid. ex Kitag.
• Viola yamatsutai Ishidoya
• Viola yazawana Makino
• Viola yedoensis Makino
• 阴地堇菜 Viola yezoensis Maxim.
• Viola yildirimlii Dinç & Bagci
• 云南堇菜 Viola yunnanensis W.Becker & H.Boissieu
• 心叶堇菜 Viola yunnanfuensis W.Becker
• Viola yuzufelensis A.P.Khokhr.
• Viola zarencznyi Zapal.
• Viola zoysii Wulfen

杂交种：

• Viola ×adulterina Godr.
• Viola ×ajtayana Wagner
• Viola ×albiensis Sudre
• Viola ×albimaritima Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×albovii V.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×alpigena Chatenier
• Viola ×anceps C.Richt.
• Viola ×anceps K.Richt.
• Viola ×arophila Wiesb.
• Viola ×ausonensis Sennen
• Viola ×babiogorensis Zapal.
• Viola ×bachtschisaraensis Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×balearica Rosselló, Mayol & Mus
• Viola ×basilensis W.Becker
• Viola ×batava Kloos
• Viola ×bavarica Schrank
• Viola ×beebyi Druce
• Viola ×berggrenii W.Becker
• Viola ×bernardii (Greene) Greene
• Viola ×bernoulliana W.Becker
• Viola ×bernoulliana W.Becker ex Burnat, 1906
• Viola ×bessarabica Zapal.
• Viola ×bethkei C.Richt.
• Viola ×bissellii House
• Viola ×blaxlandiae J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola ×borbasii Gáyer
• Viola ×borsodiensis Budai & Gáyer
• Viola ×borussica (Borbás) W.Becker
• Viola ×brandisii W.Becker
• Viola ×brauniae Grover ex Cooperr.
• Viola ×brauniae Grover, 1939
• Viola ×braunii Borbás
• Viola ×braunii Grover
• Viola ×brevicornis Biau
• Viola ×bulgarica W.Becker
• Viola ×burnatii Gremli
• Viola ×caflischii Woerl.
• Viola ×caninaeformis C.Richt.
• Viola ×caninaeformis K.Richt., 1888
• Viola ×canninefas Kloos
• Viola ×carinthiaca Borbás
• Viola ×cebennensis Chatenier
• Viola ×celinae Sennen & Gonzalo
• Viola ×champlainensis House
• Viola ×chenevardii W.Becker
• Viola ×chevalieri H.Lév.
• Viola ×christii Wulf, 1881
• Viola ×chrysantha Schrad. ex Rchb.
• Viola ×cinerascens A.Kern.
• Viola ×conjugens Greene
• Viola ×consobrina House
• Viola ×consocia House
• Viola ×consorbrina House
• Viola ×contempta Jord.
• Viola ×cooperrideri H.E.Ballard
• Viola ×coquoziana W.Becker
• Viola ×cordifolia (Nutt.) Schwein.
• Viola ×cracoviensis Zmuda
• Viola ×curnowii Druce
• Viola ×davisii House
• Viola ×demissa House, 1924
• Viola ×desetangsii G.Camus & Har.
• Viola ×digenea Rouy & Foucaud
• Viola ×dissita House
• Viola ×doii Taken.
• Viola ×domburgensis W.Becker
• Viola ×duffortii Fouill.
• Viola ×durennei Petitm.
• Viola ×eamesii House
• Viola ×eamsii House
• Viola ×eclipes H.E.Ballard
• Viola ×egglestoniana House
• Viola ×egregia House
• Viola ×eichenfeldii Halácsy
• Viola ×eizasieboldii Sugim. ex T.Shimizu
• Viola ×ekstroemiana W.Becker
• Viola ×eriksoniana W.Becker
• Viola ×excerpta House
• Viola ×fallacina Rouy & Foucaud, 1896
• Viola ×fennica Nyl.
• Viola ×filicetorum Greene
• Viola ×florariensis Correvon
• Viola ×florariensis Karrer
• Viola ×fouilladei W.Becker
• Viola ×fryeri Druce
• Viola ×fujisanensis S.Watan.
• Viola ×funesta C.Richt.
• Viola ×funesta K.Richt.
• Viola ×ganeschinii Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×genevensis Chenevard
• Viola ×gerslaueri L.Gross, 1921
• Viola ×gerstlaueri L.Gross
• Viola ×glabrescens (Neuman) Tzvelev
• Viola ×gloggnitzensis C.Richt.
• Viola ×gloggnitzensis K.Richt.
• Viola ×godlewskii Zmuda
• Viola ×gotlandica W.Becker
• Viola ×gracillima Chatenier
• Viola ×granitica Chatenier
• Viola ×greatrexii Nakai & Maek.
• Viola ×greenmanii House
• Viola ×gremblichii Murr
• Viola ×grossii Gerstl.
• Viola ×grubovii Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×guitteanae Giraudias
• Viola ×halacsyana Degen & Dörfl.
• Viola ×hallieri Borbás
• Viola ×helvetica Brügger
• Viola ×heslopii Druce
• Viola ×heterantha Caball.
• Viola ×heterocarpa Borbás
• Viola ×hirtiformis Wiesb.
• Viola ×hiyamae Maek.
• Viola ×hollickii House
• Viola ×holsatica E.L.Krause
• Viola ×hortorum Thorsrud & Reisaeter
• Viola ×hungarica Degen & Sabr.
• Viola ×hyperborea (Rupr) V.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×hyrcanica V.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×ibukiana Makino
• Viola ×igoschinae Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×incissecta Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×insessa House
• Viola ×insidiosa Rouy & Foucaud
• Viola ×insignis C.Richt.
• Viola ×insignis K.Richt.
• Viola ×insolita House
• Viola ×interjecta Borbás
• Viola ×jaborneggii Khek ex Pacher
• Viola ×jaccardii W.Becker
• Viola ×jindoensis M.Kim
• Viola ×joannis-wagneri Kárpáti
• Viola ×johannis-wagneri Kárpáti, 1946
• Viola ×josephii J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola ×julia Brügger
• Viola ×juliae Brügger
• Viola ×juzepczukii Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×kalkburgensis Wiesb., 1875
• Viola ×kalksburgensis Wiesb.
• Viola ×karakulensis Vl.V.Nikitin & O.Baranova
• Viola ×kerneri Wiesb.
• Viola ×keterocarpa Borbás ex K.Richt.
• Viola ×kiliensis E.H.L.Krause
• Viola ×kisoana Nakai
• Viola ×klingeana Ronniger
• Viola ×klopotovii W.Becker
• Viola ×koehleri W.Becker
• Viola ×kotschyana W.Becker
• Viola ×kozo-poljanskii Grosset
• Viola ×krascheninnikoviorum Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×kupcokiana W.Becker
• Viola ×kupfferiana W.Becker
• Viola ×lacaitaeana W.Becker
• Viola ×lacmonica Hausskn.
• Viola ×lambertii H.Lév.
• Viola ×lanciformis Rouy & Foucaud
• Viola ×leucopetala Murr & Pöll
• Viola ×lovelliana Brainerd
• Viola ×luciae Skottsb.
• Viola ×luganensis W.Becker
• Viola ×lutzii E.G.Camus
• Viola ×magna C.Richt.
• Viola ×magna K.Richt.
• Viola ×malteana House
• Viola ×maluqueri Sennen
• Viola ×malvesini Jeanj.
• Viola ×mantziana W.Becker
• Viola ×marcetii W.Becker
• Viola ×marihelenae Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×markensteinensis Wiesb.
• Viola ×markgrafii W.Becker
• Viola ×martii Wiesb.
• Viola ×martinii Maek.
• Viola ×matczkasensis Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×medelii W.Becker
• Viola ×megapolitana E.H.L.Krause
• Viola ×megapolitana Prahl
• Viola ×melissifolia Greene
• Viola ×menitzkii V.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×merkensteiniensis Wiesb. ex Murr
• Viola ×merkensteiniensis Wiesb., 1883
• Viola ×mielnicensis Zapal.
• Viola ×mira Zapal.
• Viola ×mirabiliformis Murr & Pöll
• Viola ×mistura House
• Viola ×mixta A.Kern.
• Viola ×mixta Sudre
• Viola ×modesta House
• Viola ×modica House
• Viola ×molleri Wein
• Viola ×mollicula House
• Viola ×mollis A.Kern. ex Wiesb.
• Viola ×montfortensis Murr & Pöll
• Viola ×mulfordiae Pollard
• Viola ×murbeckii Dörfl.
• Viola ×muretii F.O.Wolf
• Viola ×murrii Pôll
• Viola ×najadum Wein
• Viola ×napae House
• Viola ×nataliae Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×neglecta F.W.Schmidt
• Viola ×neglectiformis Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×neilreichiana Borbás
• Viola ×neilreichii C.Richt.
• Viola ×neilreichii K.Richt.
• Viola ×nemenyiana Wagner
• Viola ×neoburgensis Erdner
• Viola ×nephrophylloides Farw.
• Viola ×neumanniana Borbás
• Viola ×nikitinii Vasjukov
• Viola ×notabilis E.P.Bicknell
• Viola ×obtusoacuminata T.Hashim. ex T.Shimizu
• Viola ×obtusogrypoceras Makino
• Viola ×oelandica W.Becker, 1910
• Viola ×oenensis Borbás
• Viola ×oenipontana Murr
• Viola ×ogawae Nakai
• Viola ×okuharae F.Maek. ex T.Shimizu
• Viola ×olimpia Beggiat.
• Viola ×oreliensis W.Becker
• Viola ×orophila Wiesb.
• Viola ×pacheri Wiesb.
• Viola ×paradoxa K.Richt.
• Viola ×paradoxa Rouy & Foucaud
• Viola ×paxiana Degen & Zsák
• Viola ×perplexa Gremli
• Viola ×peterfii Nyár.
• Viola ×poelliana Murr
• Viola ×poltavensis Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×polysecta Nakai
• Viola ×popovae V.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×populifolia Greene
• Viola ×porphyrea R.Uechtr.
• Viola ×porteriana Pollard
• Viola ×preywischiana Nauenb.
• Viola ×prutensis Zapal.
• Viola ×pseudomakinoi M.Mizush. ex T.Shimizu
• Viola ×pseudosepincola W.Becker
• Viola ×pynzarii Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×radians Beck
• Viola ×ravida House
• Viola ×redacta House
• Viola ×regeliana Rouy & Foucaud
• Viola ×reschetnikovae Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×rhaetica Borbás
• Viola ×rhenana Gerstl.
• Viola ×riddensis F.O.Wolf
• Viola ×riloensis W.Becker
• Viola ×ritschliana W.Becker
• Viola ×robinsoniana House
• Viola ×rolandi-bonapartei W.Wolf
• Viola ×ronnigeri W.Becker
• Viola ×rossii Chiov.
• Viola ×rouyana W.Wolf
• Viola ×roxolanica Zapal.
• Viola ×rupestriformis Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×ruprechtiana Borbás
• Viola ×ryoniae House
• Viola ×ryonii House
• Viola ×salvatoriana W.Becker & Thell. ex W.Becker
• Viola ×sanensis Zapal.
• Viola ×sardagnae W.Becker
• Viola ×savatieri Makino
• Viola ×savourei H.Lév.
• Viola ×scabra Braun
• Viola ×schalmausenii Rouy & Foucaud
• Viola ×scharlockii W.Becker, 1914
• Viola ×schauloi Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×schlarlockii W.Becker
• Viola ×sedunensis F.O.Wolf
• Viola ×segniensis Gáyer & Degen
• Viola ×semseyana Borbás
• Viola ×sennenii Pau
• Viola ×sermenika Formánek
• Viola ×silana Merino
• Viola ×skofitziana Wiesb.
• Viola ×slavinii House
• Viola ×slesvicensis Prahl
• Viola ×sokalensis Zapal.
• Viola ×stuartii Bergmans
• Viola ×suaveolens Wiesb.
• Viola ×suaviflora Borbás & Heinr.Braun
• Viola ×subaffinis House
• Viola ×subcollina Beck
• Viola ×subglabrata Pöll ex W.Becker
• Viola ×subhirta Beck
• Viola ×sublanceolata House
• Viola ×subodorata Borbás ex Murr
• Viola ×suevica Gerstl.
• Viola ×sukaczewii Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×superodorata Greg.
• 菊叶堇菜 Viola ×takahashii (Nakai) Taken.
• Viola ×talmensis Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×taradakensis Nakai
• Viola ×tatrae Borbás
• Viola ×tenuis C.Richt.
• Viola ×tenuis K.Richt.
• Viola ×teriana Sennen
• Viola ×tessinensis W.Becker
• Viola ×texidoris Sennen & Gonzalo
• Viola ×tichomirovii Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×tigirekica Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×tiroliensis Borbás
• Viola ×torslundensis W.Becker
• Viola ×tourbillonensis W.Becker
• Viola ×tristicha Waisb.
• Viola ×tuvinica Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×tzvelevii Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×uechtritziana Borbás
• Viola ×variifrons Pôll
• Viola ×vaudensis Hausskn. ex Gremli
• Viola ×vermontana House
• Viola ×viarum Pollard
• Viola ×viatkensis Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×villaquensis Benz
• Viola ×vilnaensis W.Becker
• Viola ×vindeliciana Gerstl.
• Viola ×vindobonensis Wiesb.
• Viola ×visseriana Bergmans
• Viola ×watsonii Druce
• Viola ×wiesbaurii Sabr.
• Viola ×wiesbaurii Sabr. ex Nyman
• Viola ×wilczekiana Beauverd
• Viola ×wilhelmii V.V.Nikitin
• 小花三色堇 Viola ×williamsii Wittr.
• 三色堇 Viola ×wittrockiana Gams ex Kappert，小三色堇
• Viola ×wujekii H.E.Ballard
• Viola ×wychensis Kloos
• Viola ×yurii Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola ×zahnii Benz
• Viola ×zapalowiczii Zmuda
• Viola ×zophodes K.R.Thiele & Prober
• Viola ×zwienenii J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores
• Viola canina subsp. canina × pumila
• Viola canina subsp. canina × reichenbachiana
• Viola canina subsp. canina × riviniana
• Viola canina subsp. canina × rupestris subsp. rupestris
• Viola canina subsp. canina × stagnina
• Viola canina subsp. canina × uliginosa
• Viola canina subsp. montana × mirabilis
• Viola canina subsp. montana × reichenbachiana
• Viola canina subsp. montana × riviniana
• Viola canina subsp. montana × rupestris subsp. relicta
• Viola canina subsp. montana × rupestris subsp. rupestris
• Viola canina subsp. montana × stagnina
• Viola canina subsp. montana × uliginosa
• Viola canina × elatior
• Viola canina × pumila
• Viola canina × reichenbachiana
• Viola canina × reichenbachiana x riviniana
• Viola canina × riviniana
• Viola canina × rupestris
• Viola canina × stagnina
• Viola canina × odorata
• Viola canina × riviniana
• Viola canina × rupestris subsp. relicta
• Viola canina × rupestris subsp. rupestris
• Viola canina × stagnina
• Viola canina × uliginosa
• Viola hirta × odorata
• Viola hirta × odorata x suavis
• Viola hirta × suavis
• Viola hirta × odorata
• Viola pumila × riviniana
• Viola pumila × stagnina
• Viola pumila × reichenbachiana
• Viola pumila × riviniana
• Viola pumila × rupestris subsp. rupestris
• Viola pumila × stagnina

归入本属的物种：

• Mnemion cariotii Fourr.

参考文献

1. Marcussen, T; Blaxland, K; Windham, MD; Haskins, KE; Armstrong, F. Establishing the phylogenetic origin, history, and age of the narrow endemic Viola guadalupensis (Violaceae).. American journal of botany. 2011-12, 98 (12): 1978–88. PMID 22081412. doi:10.3732/ajb.1100208.
2. Li, Qiaoxia; Li, Youlong; Li, Jigang; Chen, Chenlong; Sun, Kun. Effects of photoperiods on the development of chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers in <i>Viola monbeigii</i> and <i>V. dissecta</i>. Biodiversity Science. 2024, 32 (6): 23484. doi:10.17520/biods.2023484.
3. Viola L.. GBIF. [2023-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-09）.
4. Shu-Yuan Liao, Jun-Jie Liao, De-Ming He, Jian-Yong Wu and You-sheng CHEN. 2023. Viola austroyunanensis (Violaceae), A New Species from Yunnan province of China. Phytotaxa. 613(2); 153-161. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.613.2.4
5. 河源发现一种全球罕见的极危植物，命名为“河源堇菜”. 百度. [2023-05-10].
6. Paúl Gonzáles, Daniel B. Montesinos-Tubée, John M. Watson, Asunción Cano, Huber Trinidad, Eduardo Navarro, Harry Jans, Martin Sheader, Harvey E. Ballard and Ana R. Flores. 2022. Viola ornata and Viola longibracteolata (Violaceae, subgen. Neoandinium), Two Rare, New Rosulate Species from southern Peru. Phytotaxa. 571(1); 52-64. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.1.4
7. John M. Watson, Ana R. Flores, Martin Sheader and Anna-Liisa Sheader. 2018. Viola pachysoma (Violaceae), A New Name for A Rosulate Species Endemic to the Andes of Argentinian Patagonia. Phytotaxa. 382(1); 113–124. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.382.1.6
8. 中国西南喀斯特山地发现堇菜属新种：世纬堇菜. GBIF. [2023-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-15）.