十字弓行動

十字弓行動（Operation Crossbow）是英國皇家空軍在二戰中的行動，他們拍下歐洲淪陷區內所有地貌，再藉著3D立體定位、辨識後，有效摧毀納粹的導彈，使英軍在後續諾曼地登陸時更具威脅，也縮短整個戰爭的時程。 ^[12]

第二次世界大战 Operation Crossbow 十字弓行動
Strategic bombing campaigns in Europe的一部分
The La Coupole V-2 launch site at Wizernes in France was a "Heavy Crossbow" target
日期 August 1943 – May 2, 1945[1] 地点 Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands 结果 Delayed use but "limited effect" on production[2]
参战方
英国  美国  加拿大	納粹德國
兵力
Sorties/bomb tonnage: Total: 68,913/122,133[3] RAF: 19,584/72,141 USAAF: 17,211/30,350[4]	V-1 launches: 9,251 [5] (8000 targeting London,[6] 2,448 targetting Antwerp)[7] V-2 launches: 1664, 1402, 76, 19, 11 (Ludendorff Bridge)
伤亡与损失
Airmen/aircraft: 700 KIA/154[8] British civilians killed/ seriously injured: V-1: 6,184/17,981 V-2: 2,754/6,523[5] French civilians: 3,600 killed, about 10,000 wounded by Allied bombing[9]	V-1: 4,261 destroyed by AA guns (1,878), barrage balloons (231), and fighters (1,846):[10][a] V-2: 51/117 killed/wounded, 48/69 rockets/vehicles damaged[11]

注釋

1. Hawker Tempest: 638, de Havilland Mosquito: 428, 噴火戰鬥機: 303, North American P-51 Mustang:232, and others: 158

参考资料

1. Collier（1976年），第136页
2. D-Olier，第7页
3. Krause, Merric E. From theater missile defense to anti-missile offensive actions: A near-term strategic approach for the USAF (PDF) (学位论文). School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Air University: 11. June 1988 [2008-10-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-10-29）.
4. AllWorldWars
5. Charman, Terry, The V Weapons Campaign Against Britain 1944–1945 (PDF), Imperial War Museum, [April 9, 2013], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-03-19）
6. von Braun, Wernher (Estate of); Ordway III, Frederick I. & Dooling, David Jr. Space Travel: A History 1st. New York: Harper & Row. 1985: 105 [1975]. ISBN 0-06-181898-4.
7. Cooksley（1979年），第82页
8. Russell, Edward T, Leaping the Atlantic Wall: Army Air Forces Campaigns in Western Europe, 1942–1945 (PDF), The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II, United States Air Force History and Museums Program: 27, 1999 [March 19, 2014], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2004-06-27）
9. Zaloga（2018年），第92页
10. Hillson
11. Collier（1976年），第135页
12. 二戰「十字弓行動」 小小立體鏡粉碎希特勒的致命導彈 | 新奇新聞|NOWnews 今日新聞網. [2013-06-12]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-11）.

參考文獻

• Collier, Basil. The Battle of the V-Weapons, 1944–1945. Yorkshire: The Emfield Press. 1976 [1964]. ISBN 0-7057-0070-4.
• Cooksley, Peter G. Flying Bomb. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1979. ISBN 0-684-16284-9.
• D'Olier, Franklin, The Secondary Campaigns, United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Summary Report (European War): 12, September 30, 1945 [March 23, 2020], （原始内容存档于2013-11-05） –通过Hyperwar Foundation
• Zaloga, Steven J. Operation Crossbow 1944: Hunting Hitler's V-weapons. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 2018. ISBN 978-1-4728-2614-5.
• Total Crossbow Offensive Effort by Air Forces. V-Weapons (Crossbow) Campaign. AllWorldWars.com. [2009-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-30）.
• Hillson, Franklin J. (Maj). Barrage Balloons for Low-Level Air Defense. Air Chronicles; Airpower Journal. Summer 1989 [2007-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2007-05-01）.