仰冲

仰冲（Obduction）是一種地質過程，指密度更大的洋殼在聚合性板塊邊緣處從下降的海洋板塊上被剝離，並推覆到到鄰近板块上^[1]。這鄰近的板块也可能是密度小的陸壳^[2]。仰冲不如俯衝常見^[3]，因為密度較大的大洋岩石圈通常會在較輕的大陸板塊下方俯衝。仰冲與造山帶或弧後盆地的板塊碰撞有關^[4]。

仰冲通常發生在俯衝帶，大洋壳中的基性和超基性岩石碎塊從地幔逆衝到大陸地殼上，成為蛇綠岩套^[5]。仰冲也會發生在一個小的洋殼板塊夾在兩個較大的大陸板塊之間，當兩個大陸板塊碰撞時，夾在它們之間的洋殼被擠入到相鄰的大陸板塊之間，由此產生造山運動^[6]。大多數仰冲一般在俯衝帶上方的弧後盆地開始，在洋殼閉合或造山運動期間完成^[7]。

仰衝的例子有新喀里多尼亞和塞浦路斯特羅多斯山。

參考文獻

[1]
Plate Tectonics > Glossary > M - R. [2021-10-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-10）.
[2]
Plate tectonics Glossary M-R https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Glossary/M-R （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
[3]
Sarah J. Edwards, Wouter P. Schellart, Joao C. Duarte. Geodynamic models of continental subduction and obduction of overriding plate forearc oceanic lithosphere on top of continental crust: 1494-1515. [2021-10-10]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-06）.
[4]
Curved orogenic belts, back-arc basins, and obduction as consequences of collision at irregular continental margins (PDF).
[5]
Dewey, J. F., 1976. Ophiolite Obduction. Tectonophysics, v. 31, p.93-120
[6]
Dewey, J. F. and Bird, J.M., 1971. Origin and emplacement of the ophiolite suite: Appalachian ophiolites in Newfoundland. J. Geophys. Res., 76:3179-3206
[7]
Church, W. R., 1972. Ophiolite: its definition, origin as oceanic crust, and mode of emplacement in orogenic belts, with special reference to the Appalachians. Dep. Energy, Mines Resource. Can., Publ., 42:71-85

[1] [1]
Plate Tectonics > Glossary > M - R. [2021-10-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-10）.

[”Plate”-2] [2]
Plate tectonics Glossary M-R https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Glossary/M-R （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[3] [3]
Sarah J. Edwards, Wouter P. Schellart, Joao C. Duarte. Geodynamic models of continental subduction and obduction of overriding plate forearc oceanic lithosphere on top of continental crust: 1494-1515. [2021-10-10]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-06）.

[4] [4]
Curved orogenic belts, back-arc basins, and obduction as consequences of collision at irregular continental margins (PDF).

[”Dewey”-5] [5]
Dewey, J. F., 1976. Ophiolite Obduction. Tectonophysics, v. 31, p.93-120

[”Dewey1”-6] [6]
Dewey, J. F. and Bird, J.M., 1971. Origin and emplacement of the ophiolite suite: Appalachian ophiolites in Newfoundland. J. Geophys. Res., 76:3179-3206

[”Church”-7] [7]
Church, W. R., 1972. Ophiolite: its definition, origin as oceanic crust, and mode of emplacement in orogenic belts, with special reference to the Appalachians. Dep. Energy, Mines Resource. Can., Publ., 42:71-85

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