a person with a fever, respiratory infection, and evidence of pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome and testing for MERS-CoV is unavailable or negative on a single inadequate specimen and the person has a direct link with a confirmed case.
A person with a acute febrile respiratory illness with clinical, radiological, or histopathological evidence of pulmonary parenchymal disease (e.g. pneumonia or acute respiratory distress Syndrome) and an inconclusive MERS-CoV laboratory test (that is, a positive screening test without confirmation) and a resident of or traveler to Middle Eastern countries where MERS-CoV virus is believed to be circulating in the 14 days before onset of illness.
A person with an acute febrile respiratory illness of any severity and an inconclusive MERS-CoV laboratory test (that is, a positive screening test without confirmation) and the patient has a direct epidemiologic-link with a confirmed MERS-CoV case.
Fever and pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (based on clinical or radiological evidence) and either:
a history of travel from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula within 14 days before symptom onset, or
close contact with a symptomatic traveler who developed fever and acute respiratory illness (not necessarily pneumonia) within 14 days after traveling from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula or
a member of a cluster of patients with severe acute respiratory illness (e.g. fever and pneumonia requiring hospitalization) of unknown etiology in which MERS-CoV is being evaluated, in consultation with state and local health departments.
Fever and symptoms of respiratory illness (not necessarily pneumonia; e.g. cough, shortness of breath) and being in a healthcare facility (as a patient, worker, or visitor) within 14 days before symptom onset in a country or territory in or near the Arabian Peninsula in which recent healthcare-associated cases of MERS have been identified.
Fever or symptoms of respiratory illness (not necessarily pneumonia; e.g. cough, shortness of breath) and close contact with a confirmed MERS case while the case was ill.
Tianlei Ying, Haoyang Li, Lu Lu, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Shibo Jiang, "Development of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for prevention and therapy of MERS-CoV infections" Microbes and Infection 17 (2015) 142-148
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