Geodynamic models of continental subduction and obduction of overriding plate forearc oceanic lithosphere on top of continental crust: 1494-1515. [2021-10-10]
Brian Taylor, & Andrew M. Goodlife. Bathymetry of the Tonga Trench and Forearc: a map series (PDF). Marine Geophysical Researches. 2001, 21 (5): 489–511
2016,第8頁 Wriget, Dawn J., et. al., 2001, Bathymetry of the Tonga Trench and Forearc: A Map Series, as published in Marine Geophysical Researches, 2000. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
Karig所提出的模型,使弧後盆地的形成可用板塊構造學說解釋。 Back-arc region(英语:Back-arc region) 弧前(英语:Forearc) Fowler, C. M. R. The Solid Earth: An Introduction to Global Geophysics