生物复杂性的演变

生物复杂性的演变（evolution of biological complexity）是生物在演化过程中日益複雜化的现象，^[1]即在生物进化中一些非常复杂的生物体产生了，尽管复杂程度在生物学中很难准确定义或衡量，所以诸如基因含量、细胞类型（英语：cell type）的数量或生物形態學等属性都被提议为複雜程度的衡量标准。^[2]^[3]^[4]

许多生物学家曾经认为大部分“低等生物”（一般指体制簡單，组织及器官分化不显著，不具有脊椎的动物，如環節动物）會定向演化并且還會演化成“高等生物”（一般指体制复杂，组织及器官分化显著，并具有脊椎的动物，即脊椎动物），不過这一观点缺乏证据，^[5]現在此類生物會朝“高等生物”進化的想法现在被认为是錯誤的，因為自然选择的結果並不會讓生物朝某方向進化，生物体的複雜與否取決於自己所在的生存環境。^[6] 尽管有一些生物體在進化時复杂程度有所提高，但總體來說绝大多数的小型和简单生物体，它們的复杂程度似乎依舊相对稳定。

参考文献

[1]
Werner, Andreas; Piatek, Monica J.; Mattick, John S. Transpositional shuffling and quality control in male germ cells to enhance evolution of complex organisms. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. April 2015, 1341 (1): 156–163. Bibcode:2015NYASA1341..156W. PMC 4390386 . PMID 25557795. doi:10.1111/nyas.12608.
[2]
Adami, C. What is complexity?. BioEssays. 2002, 24 (12): 1085–94. PMID 12447974. doi:10.1002/bies.10192.
[3]
Waldrop, M.; et al. Language: Disputed definitions. Nature. 2008, 455 (7216): 1023–1028. PMID 18948925. doi:10.1038/4551023a .
[4]
Longo, Giuseppe; Montévil, Maël. Dinneen, Michael J.; Khoussainov, Bakhadyr; Nies, André , 编. Computation, Physics and Beyond. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2012-01-01: 289–308 [2022-01-18]. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.640.1835 . ISBN 9783642276538. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27654-5_22. （原始内容存档于2022-01-18）（英语）.
[5]
McShea, D. Complexity and evolution: What everybody knows. Biology and Philosophy. 1991, 6 (3): 303–324. S2CID 53459994. doi:10.1007/BF00132234.
[6]
Ayala, F. J. Darwin's greatest discovery: design without designer. PNAS. 2007, 104 (Suppl 1): 8567–73. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.8567A. PMC 1876431 . PMID 17494753. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701072104 .

[1] [1]
Werner, Andreas; Piatek, Monica J.; Mattick, John S. Transpositional shuffling and quality control in male germ cells to enhance evolution of complex organisms. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. April 2015, 1341 (1): 156–163. Bibcode:2015NYASA1341..156W. PMC 4390386 . PMID 25557795. doi:10.1111/nyas.12608.

[2] [2]
Adami, C. What is complexity?. BioEssays. 2002, 24 (12): 1085–94. PMID 12447974. doi:10.1002/bies.10192.

[3] [3]
Waldrop, M.; et al. Language: Disputed definitions. Nature. 2008, 455 (7216): 1023–1028. PMID 18948925. doi:10.1038/4551023a .

[:0-4] [4]
Longo, Giuseppe; Montévil, Maël. Dinneen, Michael J.; Khoussainov, Bakhadyr; Nies, André , 编. Computation, Physics and Beyond. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2012-01-01: 289–308 [2022-01-18]. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.640.1835 . ISBN 9783642276538. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27654-5_22. （原始内容存档于2022-01-18）（英语）.

[5] [5]
McShea, D. Complexity and evolution: What everybody knows. Biology and Philosophy. 1991, 6 (3): 303–324. S2CID 53459994. doi:10.1007/BF00132234.

[Ayala-6] [6]
Ayala, F. J. Darwin's greatest discovery: design without designer. PNAS. 2007, 104 (Suppl 1): 8567–73. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.8567A. PMC 1876431 . PMID 17494753. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701072104 .

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