虾蛄科（學名：Squillidae）是口足目虾蛄总科（學名：Squilloidea）下的唯一一个科[1]，虾蛄属为其模式属[2]。
该科下的属包括：[3]
- Alima Leach, 1817
- Alimopsis Manning, 1977
- Alimopsoides Moosa, 1991
- Anchisquilla Manning, 1968
- Anchisquilloides Manning, 1977
- Anchisquillopsis Moosa, 1986
- Areosquilla Manning, 1976
- Belosquilla Ahyong, 2001[2]
- Busquilla Manning, 1978
- Carinosquilla Manning, 1968
- Clorida Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842
- Cloridina Manning, 1995
- Cloridopsis Manning, 1968
- Crenatosquilla Manning, 1984
- Dictyosquilla Manning, 1968
- Distosquilla Manning, 1977
- Erugosquilla Manning, 1995
- Fallosquilla Manning, 1995
- Fennerosquilla Manning & Camp, 1983
- Gibbesia Manning & Heard, 1997
- Harpiosquilla Holthuis, 1964
- Humesosquilla Manning & Camp, 2001
- Kaisquilla Ahyong, 2002
- Kempella Low & Ahyong, 2010
- Lenisquilla Manning, 1977
- Leptosquilla Miers, 1880
- Levisquilla Manning, 1977
- Lophosquilla Manning, 1968
- Meiosquilla Manning, 1968
- Miyakella Ahyong & Low, 2013
- Natosquilla Manning, 1978
- Neclorida Manning, 1995
- Neoanchisquilla Manning, 1978
- 口蝦蛄屬 Oratosquilla Manning, 1968
- 似口蝦蛄屬 Oratosquillina Manning, 1995
- Paralimopsis Mossa, 1991
- Parvisquilla Manning, 1973
- Pontiosquilla Manning, 1995
- Pterygosquilla Hilgendorf, 1890
- Quollastria Ahyong, 2001[2]
- Rissoides Manning & Lewisohn, 1982
- Schmittius Manning, 1972
- 虾蛄属 Squilla Fabicius, 1787
- Squilloides Manning, 1968
- Tuleariosquilla Manning, 1978
- Visaya Ahyong, 2004
