肉座菌目

肉座菌目(學名：Hypocreales)是糞殼菌綱（学名：Sordariomycetes）之下一個真菌的目。根據一份2008年出版的文獻，估計本目包含7科、237属、2647物种^[2]；與此同時，根據Catalog of Life，截至2021 年4月 (2021 -04)^[update]，本目包含6科、137屬、1411物種^[3]。這還未包括往後才辨識的其他分類單元，例如在2014年描述的葡萄穗黴科 （Stachybotryaceae L. Lombard & Crous, 2014）^[4]。本科得名於其成員葡萄穗霉菌屬（Stachybotrys）^[4][5]。

肉座菌目
Tolypocladium capitatum
科学分类
界：	真菌界 Fungi
门：	子囊菌门 Ascomycota
亚门：	盘菌亚门 Pezizomycotina
纲：	糞殼菌綱 Sordariomycetes
目：	肉座菌目 Hypocreales Lindau（英语：Gustav Lindau） (1897)

肉座菌目的物种通常是由它们颜色鲜艳的酒囊形子囊果，即产生孢子的有性器官来确认。通常是黄色，橙色或红色。

下属分类

本目包括以下科：

• 生赤壳科 Bionectriaceae Samuels & Rossman, 1999
• Calcarisporiaceae
• 麦角菌科 Clavicipitaceae Earle, 1901
• Cocoonihabitaceae
• 虫草科 Cordycipitaceae
• Cylindriaceae
• Flammocladiellaceae
• 肉座菌科 Hypocreaceae De Not., 1844
• Juncigenaceae
• Myrotheciomycetaceae
• 叢赤殼科 Nectriaceae Tul. & C. Tul., 1865
• Niessliaceae Kirschst., 1939
• 线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora, 2007
• Sarocladiaceae
• 葡萄穗黴科 Stachybotryaceae L. Lombard & Crous, 2014
• 多头束霉科 Tilachlidiaceae
  • Psychronectria (D.Hawksw.) J.Pawłowska, Istel, Wrzosek & D.Hawksw., 2017
  • 多头束霉属 Tilachlidium Preuss
    • Tilachlidium atratum Lindf.
    • Tilachlidium brachiatum (Batsch) Petch
    • Tilachlidium cinnabarinum Kidd & Beaumont
    • Tilachlidium humicola Oudem.
    • Tilachlidium malorum Marchal & É.J.Marchal
    • Tilachlidium medietatis Novobr.
    • Tilachlidium microsporum Kamyschko
    • Tilachlidium nigrescens Marchal & É.J.Marchal
    • Tilachlidium pinnatum Preuss
    • 蚁生多头束霉 Tilachlidium poneraticum Z.Q.Liang, J.D.Liang, Wan H.Chen & Y.F.Han
    • Tilachlidium proliferum Oudem.
    • Tilachlidium racemosum Oudem.
    • Tilachlidium ramosum (Mains) Mains
    • Tilachlidium roseum Svilv.
    • Tilachlidium setigerum Malençon
    • Tilachlidium subulatum A.L.Sm.
• Xanthonectriaceae

科的地位未定的属：

• Andreaeana B.T.Palm & S.C.J.Jochems, 1924
• Apyrenium E.M.Fries, 1849
• Aschersoniopsis
• Balansiella Henn.
• Belaina Bat. & Peres
• Biotyle
• Cancellidium Tubaki
  • Cancellidium applanatum Tubaki
  • Cancellidium atrobrunneum D.F.Bao, Z.L.Luo, K.D.Hyde & H.Y.Su
  • 灰类细格囊霉 Cancellidium cinereum J.Yang & K.D.Hyde
  • Cancellidium griseonigrum J.Yang & K.D.Hyde
  • Cancellidium pinicola S.Y.Yeung, Jeewon & K.D.Hyde
  • Cancellidium thailandense W.Dong, H.Zhang & K.D.Hyde
• Cephaloblaston Ciferri, 1932
• Cephalosporiopsis Peyronel
• 枝顶孢霉属 Cephalosporium Corda, 1839
• Cephalothecium Corda, 1838
• Chaetoceratostoma Turconi & Maffei
• Chaetoceris
• Chlamydocillium Zare & W.Gams, 2016
• Chlorocillium Zare & W.Gams, 2016
• Chondronectria
• Cylindronectria
• Dendrosporium Plakidas & Edgerton ex J.L.Crane
• Dictyocatenula Finley & E.F.Morris, 1967
• Entropezites Poinar & Buckley, 2007
• Eucephalosporium Ciferri, 1932
• Fusariella Sacc.
• Gynonectria P.Döbbeler, 2012
• Gyrostroma Naumov
• Hapsidospora Malloch & Cain, 1970
• Haptospora G.L.Barron, 1991
• Hyalopus Corda
• Igneocumulus A.W.Ramaley, 2003
• Illosporiopsis D.Hawksw.
• Illosporium Mart.
• Kaskaskia Born & J.L.Crane
• Laaseomyces
• Lepra Chevall.
• Leptobarya
• Lichenopenicillus
• Maffeiella Ciferri, 1932
• Mastigocladium
• Metadothella Hennings, 1904
• Microchrysosphaera
• Munkia Spegazzini, 1886
• Myxocephala G.Weber, Spaaij & Oberw., 1989
• Myxormia
• Nematomyces
• Neomunkia Petrak, 1947
• Olpitrichum G.F.Atk.
• Ophiostomella Petr.
• Paleoophiocordyceps G.-H.Sung, G.O.Poinar Jr. & J.W.Spatafora, 2008
• Paracosmospora
• Payosphaeria W.F.Leong, 1990
• Peloronectria Möller
• Phaeostilbella Höhn.
• Porphyrosoma Patouillard, 1927
• Pseudoacremonium Crous, 2014
• Pseudofusidium
• Pseudomeliola
• Pseudomicrodochium B.Sutton
• Romanoa Thirumalachar, 1954
• Rubellisphaeria Réblová & J.Fourn., 2016
• Saccardaea Cavara
• Solheimia E.F.Morris, 1967
• Sorosporella N.Sorokin, 1888
• Sphaeroderma Fuckel
• Stachybotryna Tubaki & T.Yokoy.
  • Stachybotryna columaris Tubaki & T.Yokoy.
  • Stachybotryna excentrica Gené, M.Calduch, Abdullah & Guarro
  • Stachybotryna hachijoensis Ts.Watan.
  • Stachybotryna longispiralis P.M.O.Costa, Malosso & R.F.Castañeda
  • Stachybotryna splendida R.F.Castañeda
  • Stachybotryna variegata R.M.Arias, R.F.Castañeda & Heredia
• Starkeyomyces
  • Starkeyomyces koorchalomoides Agnihothr.
• 束梗孢属 Stilbella Lindau
• Sulcatistroma
  • Sulcatistroma nolinae A.W.Ramaley
• Trichotheciopsis
  • Trichotheciopsis mimosae J.M.Yen
• Xenoacrodontium Crous, 2021
  • Xenoacrodontium juglandis Crous
• Xylochrysis Réblová, V.Stepanek & R.K.Schumach., 2014
  • Xylochrysis aquatica J.Y.Song & X.D.Yu
  • Xylochrysis lucida Réblová, V.Štĕpánek & R.K.Schumach.^[6]

地位未定屬

根據一份2020年發表的真菌分類回顧，肉座菌目還包括下列地位未定的屬，並不屬於任何一個科^[7]：

• Acremoniopsis A.Giraldo, Gené & Guarro (2014) – 1 sp.
• Berkelella（英语：Berkelella） (Sacc.) Sacc. (1891) – 2 spp.
• Bulbithecium（英语：Bulbithecium） Udagawa & T.Muroi (1990) – 1 sp.
• Cephalosporiopsis Peyronel (1916) – 10 spp.
• Chondronectria Etayo, Flakus & Kukwa (2017) – 1 sp.
• Cylindronectria Etayo (2017) – 1 sp.
• Diploospora Grove (1916) – ca. 7 spp.
• † Entropezites（英语：Entropezites）^[8] Poinar & R.Buckley 2007) – 1 sp.
• Gynonectria Döbbeler (2012) – 1 sp.
• Hapsidospora（英语：Hapsidospora） Malloch & Cain (1970) – 2 spp.
• Haptospora G.L.Barron (1991) – 3 spp.
• Illosporiopsis D.Hawksw. (2001) – 1 sp.
• Illosporium Mart. (1817) – 17 spp.
• Leptobarya Etayo (2017) – 2 spp.
• Metadothella（英语：Metadothella） Henn. (1904) – 1 sp.
• Munkia Speg. (1886) – 4 spp.
• †Mycetophagites（英语：Mycetophagites）^[8] Poinar & R.Buckley (2007) – 1 sp.
• Neomunkia Petr. (1847) – 1 sp.
• Peloronectria（英语：Peloronectria） Möller (1901) – 3 spp.
• Pseudoacremonium Crous (2014) – 1 sp.
• Pseudomeliola（英语：Pseudomeliola） Speg. (1889) – 10 spp.
• Rodentomyces Doveri, Pecchia, Sarrocco & Vannacci (2016) – 1 sp.
• Roselliniella Vain (1921) – 19 spp.
• Saksenamyces A.N.Rai & P.N.Singh (2018) – 1 sp.
• Sedecimiella K.L.Pang, Alias & E.B.G.Jones (2010) – 1 sp.
• Stanjemonium W.Gams, O'Donnell, Schroers & M.Chr. (1999) – 4 spp.
• Stilbella Lindau (1900) – 61 spp.
• Ticonectria（英语：Ticonectria） Döbbeler (1998) – 3 spp.
• Tilakidium（英语：Tilakidium） Vaidya, C.D.Naik & Rathod (1986) – 1 sp.

參考文獻

1. Kirk, Paul M.; Vanden Berghe, Edward; Clipson, Nicolas. Hypocreales. WoRMS. 2016-12-02 [2019-11-24] –通过WoRMS.
2. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 2008: 332. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 （英语）.
3. Source dataset. Index Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. Sordariales. Catalog of Life. [27 April 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-29）.
4. Lombard, L; Houbraken, J; Decock, C; Samson, RA; Meijer, M; Réblová, M; Groenewald, JZ; Crous, PW. Generic hyper-diversity in Stachybotriaceae. Persoonia（英语：Persoonia）. 2016, 36: 156–246. PMC 4988370 . PMID 27616791. doi:10.3767/003158516X691582 （英语）.
5. 『學名』 開頭 『Stachybotrys』 的資料 15 筆. TaiBNET. [2019-11-25] （中文（繁體））.
6. Martina Réblová, Václav Štěpánek & René K. Schumacher (2014) Xylochrysis lucida gen. et sp. nov., a new lignicolous ascomycete (Sordariomycetidae) with holoblastic conidiogenesis, Mycologia, 106:3, 564-572, DOI: 10.3852/13-266
7. Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere. 2020, 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 .
8. Poinar GO, Buckley R. Evidence of mycoparasitism and hypermycoparasitism in Early Cretaceous amber. Mycological Research. 2007, 111 (4): 503–506. PMID 17512712. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.02.004.

外部連結

• 維基物種上的相關信息：肉座菌目