理查一世（英語：Richard I；1157年9月8日—1199年4月6日）是中世紀英格兰王國的国王，也是阿基坦、诺曼底、加斯科涅公爵，塞浦路斯國王和普瓦捷、南斯、曼恩、安茹伯爵，同时在一段时间内数次成为布列塔尼君主，因驍勇善戰而被譽為「獅心王」（法语：Cœur de Lion；英语：Richard the Lionheart）。理查一世作為虔誠的基督教教徒，畢生奉獻於教廷發起的第三次十字軍東征，並因於阿爾蘇夫戰役中擊潰薩拉丁麾下穆斯林大軍而一戰成名[1]。
本來阿卡的穆斯林駐軍被基督教世界軍隊包圍，薩拉丁率領的更強大穆斯林軍隊又包圍基督教世界軍隊，但理查到來後不久就攻取阿卡。攻取阿卡後，理查又與奧地利公爵利奧波德五世就戰利品瓜分發生爭吵，加上腓力回國，此時十字軍遠征遭受重創。這次十字軍的領導者腓力二世和理查之間芥蒂甚深。腓力處心積慮要奪回英格蘭在法蘭西王國的領地。理查年輕時與腓力之姐法蘭西的艾莉絲（英语：Alix of France）訂婚，但理查卻認為艾莉絲是其父的情婦而堅決不娶。
綿延不絕的軍事行動使理查常感匱乏，一項關於寶藏的謠言激起他貪欲。法國沙露堡（英语：Château de Châlus-Chabrol）的利摩日子爵拒絕交出一大筆由農民發現的巨額黃金，因此理查出兵包圍該城堡，更揚言要絞死城裹全部居民。在包圍的過程中，他一如既往身先士卒勇猛作戰，卻不慎被堡中發出的一支弩箭射中肩胛，本來想要拔除箭，不料箭頭斷入體內，10天后身亡，年42歲。臨終前，他要求將遺體分為三份，心臟、頭、身體分別埋葬，其中身體埋在其父亨利二世腳下，以示懺悔。
理查身后没有婚生子嗣，只有一个被他认可的私生子干邑的腓力（英语：Philip of Cognac）。他的弟弟约翰继承了英格兰王位[6]，但法国领主们喜欢按现行继承法讓他有更优先继承权的已故弟弟杰弗瑞的儿子阿蒂尔繼承，拒绝臣服约翰[7]。理查没有直系继承人成为安茹帝国解体的导火索[6]。此后的英格兰国王们尽管主张这些法国领地，却再也没能恢复理查继位时的疆界。
Turner, Ralph V.; Heiser, Richard R. The Reign of Richard Lionheart, Ruler of the Angevin empire, 1189–1199. Harlow: Longman. 2000: 256–257. ISBN 978-0-582-25659-0.; Seel, Graham E. King John: An Underrated King. London: Anthem Press. 2012. Figure 1. ISBN 978-0-8572-8518-8.
Arnold, B, German Knighthood 1050–1300, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999 [1985], ISBN 0-19-821960-1.
Allen Brown, R, Allen Brown's English Castles, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1976 [1954], ISBN 1-84383-069-8.
Brewer, Clifford, The Death of Kings, London: Abson Books, 2000, ISBN 978-0-902920-99-6.
Cannon, John & Hargreaves, Anne (eds). Kings and Queens of Britain, Oxford University Press 2001, 2004, ISBN0-19-860956-6. Richard I, by John Gillingham
Flori, Jean, Richard the Lionheart: Knight and King, Translated by Jean Birrell, Edinburgh University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-7486-2047-0.
Flori, Jean, Richard Coeur de Lion: le roi-chevalier, Paris: Biographie Payot, 1999f, ISBN 978-2-228-89272-8（法语）.
Gillingham, John, Richard the Lionheart, New York: Times Books, 1979, ISBN 0-8129-0802-3.
Gillingham, John, Richard the Lionheart, Butler and Tanner Ltd, 1989.
Gillingham, John, Richard Coeur De Lion: Kingship, Chivalry And War In The Twelfth Century, London, 1994.
Gillingham, John, Richard I, London: Yale University Press, 2002 [1999], ISBN 0-300-09404-3.
McNeill, Tom, English Heritage Book of Castles, London: English Heritage and B. T. Batsford, 1992, ISBN 0-7134-7025-9.
Oman, Charles, A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages, Volume Two: 1278–1485 AD, Greenhill Books, 1991 [1924].
Packard, Sydney, King John and the Norman Church, The Harvard Theological Review (Cambridge University Press), 1922, 15 (1): 15–40, doi:10.1017/s0017816000001383
Prestwich, J.O. (2004) The Place of War in English History, 1066–1214. Boydell Press.
Purser, Toby, Medieval England 1042–1228 illustrated, Heinemann, 2004, ISBN 0-435-32760-7
Ralph of Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum.
Roger of Hoveden; Riley, Henry T. (translator), The annals of Roger de Hoveden: comprising The history of England and of other countries of Europe from A.D. 732 to A.D. 1201 2, London: H.G. Bohn, 1853.
Roger of Hoveden, Gesta Regis Henrici II & Gesta Regis Ricardi Benedicti Abbatis, ed. William Stubbs, 2 vols, (London, 1867), available at Gallica （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Roger of Hoveden, Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene, ed. William Stubbs, 4 vols, (London, 1868–71), available at Gallica （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Stafford, P., Nelson, J.L and Martindale, J. (2002) Law, Laity and Solidarities. Manchester University Press.
Turner, Ralph, Richard Lionheart and English Episcopal Elections, Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies (The North American Conference on British Studies), 1997, 29 (1): 1–13, doi:10.2307/4051592.
Turner, Ralph V.; Heiser, Richard R, The Reign of Richard Lionheart, Ruler of the Angevin empire, 1189–1199, Harlow: Longman, 2000, ISBN 0-582-25659-3.
Ambroise, The History of the Holy War, translated by Marianne Ailes. Boydell Press, 2003.
Ralph of Diceto, Radulfi de Diceto Decani Lundoniensis Opera Historica, ed. William Stubbs, 2 vols (London, 1876).
Berg, Dieter. Richard Löwenherz. Darmstadt, 2007.
Edbury, Peter W. The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: Sources in Translation. Ashgate, 1996. [Includes letters by Richard reporting events of the Third Crusade (pp. 178–182).] ISBN1-84014-676-1.
Gabrieli, Francesco. (ed.) Arab Historians of the Crusades, English translation 1969, ISBN0-520-05224-2.
Gillingham, John, Richard Cœur de Lion: Kingship, Chivalry and War in the Twelfth Century, 1994, ISBN1-85285-084-1.
Nelson, Janet L. (ed.) Richard Cœur de Lion in History and Myth, 1992, ISBN0-9513085-6-4.
Nicholson, Helen J. (ed.) The Chronicle of the Third Crusade: The Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi, 1997, ISBN0-7546-0581-7.
Runciman, Steven. A History of the Crusades, 1951–54, vols. 2–3.
