聖文德

聖文德，天主教译为圣文都辣，或譯波拿文德拉、波那文都，O.F.M.（義大利語：San Bonaventura，1221年—1274年）^[1]，是中世纪義大利的神学家及哲学家。作为第七任方济各会总会长（英语：List of Ministers General of the Order of Friars Minor），曾任阿尔巴诺教区領銜主教。

圣文都辣
精修圣人、樞機主教、教会圣师
出生	约于 1221年 教宗国 拉齐奥 维泰博省 巴尼奥雷焦
逝世	7月15日 1274年（52—53歲） 阿尔勒王国 里昂内省 里昂
敬礼於	罗马天主教 英格蘭教會
封圣	1482 1482年4月14日 由教宗西斯都五世 於罗马
瞻礼	7月15日 7月第二个主日 (1482–1568) 7月14日 (1568–1969)
象徵（英语：Saint symbolism）	挂在灌木丛上的枢机主教帽；圣体盘（英语：Ciborium (container)）；圣体圣事；穿着方济各会会衣的枢机，通常在读书或写字

文德於1482年4月14被教宗西斯都四世尊奉為聖人，並於1588年被教宗西斯都五世列為教會聖師之一。文德因其完備的品德，被尊稱為“色勒芬天使博士”(拉丁語：Doctor Seraphicus)和“方济各会第二會祖”。

許多署名為文德中世紀的作品（其實並非文德所寫），被以“偽文德文集（英语：Pseudo-Bonaventura）”為名收集起來。

生平

聖文德，由 Claude François 所作

聖文德的牧徽

文德於1221年生在義大利維泰博省的巴尼奥雷焦，幼年時患重病，因聖方濟各的祈禱而痊癒。二十歲時入方濟各會，1243年至1248年在巴黎方濟各會學習，之後在巴黎大學教導神學與《聖經》。

1257年任方濟各會總會長，當時整個修會人數超過三萬，並且存在許多不同派別。文德注重學術運動，努力將神恩性的方濟運動導入正軌。

1273年教宗國瑞十世命文德爲樞機，兼亞巴若總主教。1274年國瑞召開里昂大公會議，商討與希臘教會合一問題。文德是這次大公會議中最活躍、出力最多的人物，卻在會議進行中的7月15日患病逝世。

1482年天主教將他榮列聖品，1588年晉封為教會聖師。天主教和英格蘭教會每年以7月15日作為他的紀念日。

神學思想

• 在小事上對神忠心，便是一件偉大、英勇的德行。修德真正的意義在於經常控制自己的意志，將一切思想，言語和行爲奉獻給神，讓神的恩典貫注我們全部生命。
• 「神恩」與「體制」、「信仰」與「知識」絕非彼此對立，而是相輔相成。
• 神與人是不同的，人無法用理性認識神，只能用類推的方式不明確的認知。^[2]

其神學作品有《心靈邁向天主的旅程》《隆巴哲學思想注疏》《基督的神貧論》《純全的生活》《自言》《三條路》《教父彼得郎巴德名言集注釋》《聖經注釋》與《神學概要》等。^[3]

其哲學思想很大程度上受到奧古斯丁影響，甚至可視為奧古斯丁主義者之一員。

藝術形象

• 
  看書的聖文德，由魯本斯所作（c. 1620）
• 
  聖文德的祈禱，由Francisco de Zurbarán所作（c. 1640-1650）
• 
  文德迎接教宗欽使，由Francisco de Zurbarán所作（c. 1640-1650）
• 
  聖文德，由Francisco Herrera the Elder所作（1628）
• 
  聖文德，由Vittorio Crivelli所作(1481-1502)
• 
  阿尔巴诺總主教文德，由Tiberio d'Assisi所作（1509）
• 
  文德的葬禮，由Francisco de Zurbarán所作（1629）

以文德為名的地區、教堂、學校

• 加拿大魁北克省文德鎮
• 魁北克10號高速公路的蒙特婁段「文德高速公路」
• Place Bonaventure and the adjacent Bonaventure Metro Station in Montreal, Quebec
• Bonaventure Island and the Bonaventure River in the Gaspé Peninsula Region of Quebec
• St. Bonaventure's College, a private Roman Catholic school, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
• St Bonaventure's Catholic Comprehensive School, in Forest Gate, London, England
• St Bonaventure Catholic School, at Edwards Gardens, Toronto, Canada
• Mission San Buenaventura and the City of Ventura, California, officially named San Buenaventura, United States
• St. Bonaventure High School in Ventura, California, United States
• St. Bonaventure University, a Franciscan university, in Allegany, New York
• St. Bonaventure Monastery, a complex of religious buildings, built for the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, located in Detroit, Michigan. Venerable Father Solanus Casey served here as the monastery porter from 1924-1946, meeting visitors at the friary door. The site is a popular pilgrimage site for Metro Detroit Catholics.
• The Municipality of Buenaventura on the Pacific Coast of Colombia
• The cities of San Benaventura in Chihuahua and San Buenaventura, Coahuila in Mexico and State of San Benaventura
• Barangay San Buenaventura, a village in San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines. Three small chapels can be found within the village in honour of Saint Bonaventura
• St. Bonaventure's High School, a school in Hyderabad, Pakistan
• St. Bonaventure's Church, a 16th-century Portuguese church is situated on the beach in Erangal near Mumbai. The annual Erangal Feast held on second Sunday of January, celebrating the Feast day of St. Bonaventure, attracts thousands of people of all faiths to this scenic spot. The Birthday Of St. Bonaventure is celebrated on the 15th of July every year.
• St. Bonaventure Parish, Balangkayan Eastern Samar, Philippines
• Bonaventure Hall, in Sacred Heart Parish Catholic School, in Patterson, California, USA
• Bonaventure Residence Hall, in Viterbo University, in La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
• 台灣台北市文德女中
• 香港慈雲山聖文德書院
• 香港慈雲山聖文德天主教小学
• 香港聖方濟會聖文德天主教小學

作品

Legenda maior, 1477

• Bonaventure Texts in Translation Series, St. Bonaventure, NY, Franciscan Institute Publications (15 volumes):
  • On the Reduction of the Arts to Theology, Translation, Introduction and Commentary by Zachary Hayes, OFM, vol. 1, 1996.
  • Journey of the Soul into God - Itinerarium Mentis in Deum translation and Introduction by Zachary Hayes, OFM, and Philotheus Boehner, OFM, vol. 2, 2002. ISBN 978-1-57659-044-7
  • Disputed Questions on the Mystery of the Trinity, translated by Zachary Hayes, vol. 3, 1979. ISBN 978-1-57659-045-4.
  • Disputed Questions on the Knowledge of Christ, translated by Zachary Hayes, vol. 4, 1992.
  • Writings Concerning the Franciscan Order, translated by Dominic V. Monti, OFM, vol. 5, 1994.
  • Collations on the Ten Commandments, translated by Paul Spaeth, vol. 6, 1995.
  • Commentary on Ecclesiastes, translated by Campion Murray and Robert J. Karris, vol. 7, 2005.
  • Commentary on the Gospel of Luke, translated by Robert J. Karris, (3 vols), vol. 8, 2001-4.
  • Breviloquium, translated by Dominic V. Monti, OFM, vol. 9, 2005.
  • Writings on the Spiritual Life, [includes translations of The Threefold Way, On the Perfection of Life, On Governing the Soul, and The Soliloquium: A Dialogue on the Four Spiritual Exercises, the prologue to the Commentary on Book II of the Sentences of Peter Lombard and three short sermons: On the Way of Life, On Holy Saturday, and On the Monday after Palm Sunday, vol. 10, 2006.
  • Commentary on the Gospel of John, translated by Robert J. Karris, vol. 11, 2007.
  • The Sunday sermons of St. Bonaventure, edited and translated by Timothy J. Johnson, vol. 12, 2008.
  • Disputed questions on evangelical perfection, edited and translated by Thomas Reist and Robert J. Karris, vol. 13, 2008.
  • Collations on the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, introduced and translated by Zachary Hayes, vol. 14, 2008.
  • Defense of the mendicants, translated by Jose de Vinck and Robert J. Karris, vol. 15, 2010.

• The Journey of the Mind into God (Itinerarium mentis in Deum), Indianapolis: Hackett, 1993. ISBN 978-0-8722-0200-9
• On the Reduction of the Arts to Theology (De Reductione Artium ad Theologiam), translated by Zachary Hayes, (Saint Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute, 1996. ISBN 978-1-57659-043-0
• Bringing forth Christ: five feasts of the child Jesus, translated by Eric Doyle, Oxford: SLG Press, 1984.
• The soul's journey into God; The tree of life; The life of St. Francis. Ewert Cousins, translator The Classics of Western Spirituality. Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press. 1978. ISBN 0-8091-2121-2.
• The Mystical Vine: a Treatise on the Passion of Our Lord, translated by a friar of SSF, London: Mowbray, 1955.
• Life of St Francis of Assisi, TAN Books, 2010. ISBN 978-0-89555-151-1

参考文献

1. M. Walsh (编). Butler's Lives of the Saints. New York: HarperCollins. 1991: 216.
2. 基督教兩千年史，淘理博士主編，海天書樓，291-293
3. 簡明大英百科全書中文版3，台灣中華書局，265。

扩展阅读

• Hammond, Jay M. Bonaventure, St.. Marthaler, Bernard L. (编). New Catholic Encyclopedia. Volume 2 2nd. Detroit: Thomson/Gale in association with the Catholic University of America. 2003: 479–493. ISBN 0-7876-4006-9.
• Hammond, Jay M.; Hellmann, J.A. Wayne; Goff, Jared (编). A Companion to Bonaventure. Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition. Boston: Brill. 2013. ISBN 978-90-04-26072-6.
• LaNave, Gregory F. "Bonaventure", in Paul L. Gavrilyuk and Sarah Coakley (eds.), The Spiritual Senses: Perceiving God in Western Christianity, Cambridge: Cambridge, University of Cambridge, 2011, 159–173.
• Quinn, John Francis. The Historical Constitution of St. Bonaventure's Philosophy, Toronto: Pontificial Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1973.
• Tavard, George Henry. From Bonaventure to the Reformers, Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2005 (Marquette Studies in Theology). ISBN 0-87462-695-1 ISBN 9780874626957.
• Tim Noone and R. E. Houser, "Saint Bonaventure." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bonaventure/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
• D. J. Dales, 'Divine Remaking: St Bonaventure & the Gospel of Luke, James Clarke & Co., Cambridge, 2017.
• D. J. Dales, 'Way back to God: the Spiritual Theology of St Bonaventure, James Clarke & Co., Cambridge, 2019.

外部链接

• Tim Noone and R. E. Houser. Saint Bonaventure. 扎尔塔, 爱德华·N (编). 《斯坦福哲学百科全书》.
• St Bonaventure from the Franciscan Archive.
• S Bonaventura: Opera Omnia Peltiero Edente （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Latin original texts).
• St. Bonaventure Works at Franciscan Institute （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 《7月15日 聖文德（st. Bonaventura）》，天主教方濟會聖高讀經推廣中心網站 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 《聖文德主教聖師生平》，網上方濟會 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）