雖然可在生物學的許多子領域內進行入侵物種的研究，但大多數都放在生態學和地理學的領域，這兩個領域的生物入侵問題特別重要。針對入侵物種的研究，多數都受到英國生物學家查爾斯·艾爾頓在1958年出版的《動植物入侵生態學（The Ecology of Invasion by Animals and Plants）》的影響，該書利用在不同領域內進行的有限研究來創建生物入侵的概況。[18][19]在1990年代之前對入侵物種的研究仍然很少，之後才開始大量增長，且持續到今日。[19]這項研究主要是經實地觀察完成，絕大多數是針對陸生植物。[19]在此領域的快速發展，推動在用來描述入侵物種和事件用語作標準化的需求。縱然如此，對入侵物種研究仍少有標準術語學，在這類物種的本身沒任何官方名稱，通常就稱為“入侵生態學”，或更普遍稱為“入侵生物學”。[18][19]缺乏標準術語是個嚴重的問題，主要是由於此領域具有跨學科性質，而借用農業、動物學和病理學等眾多學科的術語，以及對入侵物種的研究通常是單獨各自進行的緣故。通常入侵物種會茁壯成長，是因為在新地點並無捕食者存在。許多入侵物種正在破壞本土植物和動物的自然棲息地。[20][18]
進入紐西蘭的首個入侵物種是由波利尼西亞定居者在公元1300年左右引入的狗和老鼠。[34][35]後來由歐洲人帶來的貓對當地的鳥類造成毀滅性的影響，特別是許多當地的鳥類不會飛行。兔子在1800年代被水手引入，當作食物來源，如今已成為當地農民的嚴重困擾（尤其是在南島）。荊豆屬最初是種原產於西歐的樹籬植物，被引入紐西蘭做同樣的用途，但因生長迅速，會毀掉該國大部分的本土植物，因此經常須做根除。當地原生森林受到來自北美洲和歐洲的幾種鹿以及澳大利亞負鼠（英语：Common brushtail possum in New Zealand）的嚴重影響。這些外來物種都在紐西蘭的環境中繁衍發展。
野火經常發生在偏遠地區，消防人員須穿越原始森林才能抵達現場，而可能會隨身攜帶入侵種子進入。如果這些偷渡種子中的任何一個能站穩腳步，可能會在短短6週內就成長為一個入侵者群體，之後會需要人類多年的持續關注以防止其進一步擴展。此外，破壞土壤表面（例如構築防火道）會破壞原生覆蓋物、暴露土壤並會加速入侵。在郊區和森林-城鎮交界域，市政當局為設立防火空間（英语：Defensible space (fire control)）而訂立的植被清除和灌木清除條例，可能會導致過度清除本地灌木和多年生植物，讓土壤暴露於更多日照，把對入侵植物物種的競爭能力降低。[83][84]
網蛺蝶族在入侵長葉車前葉上產卵有其益處。這種植物的葉子保持綠色的時間足以讓蝶類的毛蟲在乾燥的夏季生存，由於氣候變化導致夏季變得有點乾燥，當初這些毛蟲常吃的本地植物已枯萎，讓多數毛蟲餓死或乾死。由於長葉車前具有生存差異，蝴蝶開始喜歡在其葉上產卵：這樣產卵的比例從1984年的不到3分之1，上升到1987年的4分之3。幾年後，所有此種蝶類的產卵都在發生在長葉車前的葉子上。被美國聯邦列為瀕臨滅絕的泰勒網蛺蝶族（Euphydryas editha taylori），對長葉車前的依賴程度之高，以至於自然資源保護主義者正積極在野外種植這類植物。為維持蝴蝶種群的數目，美國華盛頓州Mission Creek婦女矯正中心（Mission Creek Corrections Center for Women）的囚犯先在溫室內培育網蛺蝶族，日後再將其釋放到前述的新棲息地。這種積極鼓勵外來植物的做法正在幫助保護備受喜愛的本地昆蟲，是種看來特異的做法。 [142]
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