狼嘴龍屬(學名:Lycorhinus)又名狼鼻龍或萊克龍,是鳥臀目畸齒龍科恐龍的一屬,化石發現於南非開普省的艾略特組(Elliot Formation)上層,地質年代屬於侏羅紀早期的赫唐階到錫內穆階。
正模標本(編號SAM 3606)是由M. Ricono博士所發現,化石包含了齒骨及上頜骨。在1924年,Sidney Haughton替這些化石命名為狹齒狼嘴龍(Lycorhinus augustidens)。屬名意為「狼的鼻端」,意指其外形類似狼;種名意為「狹隘的牙齒」。因為擁有類似犬齒的牙齒,最初被誤會屬於犬齒獸亞目,但牠們的下頜是由多塊骨頭組成,證明牠們是一種爬行動物[1]。
過去有三個種被歸類於狼嘴龍,例如羅伯特·布魯姆(Robert Broom)命名的L. parvidens;而Richard A. Thulborn在1970年將塔克畸齒龍改歸類於狼嘴龍的一種[2],但這兩種並沒有被廣泛接受[3]。Richard A. Thulborn在1974年命名的伴侶狼嘴龍(L. consors),在隔年被詹姆斯·霍普森(James Hopson)建立為醒龍屬[4]。
在1975年命名的羊毛龍(Lanasaurus),是一個頜部骨頭[5],被認為是狼嘴龍的異名[6]。牠們是小型的草食性恐龍,身長約1.2公尺,大小接近畸齒龍,並擁有長的犬齒。研究人員根據羊毛龍的特徵,間接發現狼鼻龍是畸齒龍的近親。在1962年,Alfred Walter Crompton提出牠們屬於鳥臀目恐龍。Richard A. Thulborn曾在1971年建立狼嘴龍科(Lycorhinidae)[7],彼得·加爾東(Peter Galton)提出狼嘴龍科的範圍與畸齒龍科相同。
羊毛龍
在1975年,Christopher Gow將發現於相同地層的化石,命名為鑿齒羊毛龍(Lanasaurus scalpridens)。屬名意為「羊毛蜥蜴」,是以古生物學家Alfred Walter Crompton的羊毛狀鬍鬚為名;種名在拉丁文意為「鑿子牙齒」。正模標本(編號BP/1/4244)包含:部份下頜骨頭、上頜骨,發現於自由邦省的艾略特組。每第三顆牙齒是新生長牙齒,呈現出牙齒會生長、替換的跡象[8]。
Christopher Gow本人之後提出,羊毛龍的化石其實只是狼嘴龍的一個標本[9]。目前包含大衛·諾曼(David Norman)在內的許多科學家,也認同兩者是相同動物[10][11][12][13]。
參考資料
- S. H. Haughton. The fauna and stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series. Annals of the South African Museum. 1924, 12: 323–497.
- R.A. Thulborn, 1970, "The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 49: 235-245
- Charig, A.J. and Crompton, A.W., 1974, "The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus", Annals of the South African Museum 64: 167-89
- J.A. Hopson, 1975, "On the generic separation of the ornithischian dinosaurs Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa", South African Journal of Science 71: 302-305
- Gow, Christopher E. A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1975, 57: 335–339.
- D. B. Norman, H.-D. Sues, L. M. Witmer and R. A. Coria. Basal Ornithopoda. D. B. Weishampel, H. Osmólska, and P. Dodson (eds.) (编). The Dinosauria 2nd edition. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2004: 393–412.
- R.A. Thulborn, 1971, "Origins and evolution of ornithischian dinosaurs", Nature 234(5324): 75-78
- C.E. Gow, 1975, "A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 57: 335-339
- Gow, C.E., 1990, "A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)", Annals of the South African Museum 99: 367–380
- Norman, D.B., Sues, H.D., Witmer, L.M. and Coria, R.A.. (2004). "Basal Ornithopoda". In D. B. Weishampel, H. Osmólska, and P. Dodson (eds.), The Dinosauria (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley 393-412
- Butler, Richard J.; Galton, Peter M.; Porro, Laura B.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Henderson, D. M.; and Erickson, Gregory M. Lower limits of ornithischian dinosaur body size inferred from a new Upper Jurassic heterodontosaurid from North America (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2010, 277 (1680): 375–381. PMC 2842649
. PMID 19846460. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1494.
- Pol, D.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; and Becerra, M. A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids. Naturwissenschaften. 2011, 98 (5): 369–379. PMID 21452054. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0780-5. [永久失效連結]
- Richard J. Butler, Jin Liyong, Chen Jun, Pascal Godefroit. The postcranial osteology and phylogenetic position of the small ornithischian dinosaur Changchunsaurus parvus from the Quantou Formation (Cretaceous: Aptian–Cenomanian) of Jilin Province, north-eastern China. Palaeontology. 2011, 54 (3): 667–683. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01046.x.
外部連結
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