大麥蟲(學名:Zophobas morio) ,又名超级麦皮虫、超级麵包虫,是大麥蟲屬下的一種甲蟲,其幼蟲是一種常見的爬行動物、鸟类和鱼类飼料。大麥蟲幼蟲體長在50—60毫米(2.0—2.4英寸)之間,有六對足和一對退化的腹足,成年後變成有黑色外殼的甲蟲,可進行短距離飛行。但飼養箱中集中飼養的、有足夠食物的大麥蟲不會化蛹,想要其化蛹則必須要將其與同類隔離七至十日[1]。
饲养
大麦虫原产于南非及中非,1985年美国就已经开始人工繁殖,中国则从东南亚国家引入作为爬虫类、鸟类及鱼类的饲料。它与黄粉虫(又称麦皮虫)很像,但比黄粉虫长2至3倍,故得名“超级麦皮虫”。此外其营养价值也超过黄粉虫。早期它主要用来喂养银龙鱼等名贵鱼类,后来其养殖技术逐渐成熟,价格降低,加上个体大、营养丰富等优点而迅速成为常用活体饵料[2]。
喂养大麦虫时主要使用麦麸。大麦虫的排泄物,即大麦虫粪沙或大麦虫沙,可用作有机肥料[3]。
圖庫
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Young beetle
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Adult beetle
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Pinned adult specimen
參看
參考文獻
吴世豪,特养新宠——大麦虫,《农家科技》2008年04期
蒙健宗、潘红平、韦珂,大麦虫沙栽培秀珍菇试验研究,《中国食用菌》2011年03期
延伸閱讀
- Freye, Henry B.; Esch, Robert E.; Litwin, Catherine M.; Sorkin, Louis. Anaphylaxis to the Ingestion and Inhalation of Tenebrio molitor (Mealworm) and Zophobas morio (Superworm). Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. 1 July 1996, 17 (4): 215–9. PMID 8871741. doi:10.2500/108854196778996903.
- Leung, Dong; Yang, Depo; Li, Zhuoxue; Zhao, Zhimin; Chen, Jianping; Zhu, Longping. Biodiesel from Zophobas morio Larva Oil: Process Optimization and FAME Characterization. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 5 January 2012, 51 (2): 1036–1040. doi:10.1021/ie201403r.
- Prado, R. A.; Santos, C. R.; Kato, D. I.; Murakami, M. T.; Viviani, V. R. The dark and bright sides of an enzyme: a three dimensional structure of the N-terminal domain of Zophobas morio luciferase-like enzyme, inferences on the biological function and origin of oxygenase/luciferase activity. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. 2016, 15 (5): 654–665. PMID 27101527. doi:10.1039/C6PP00017G.
- Latney, La'Toya V.; Toddes, Barbara D.; Wyre, Nicole R.; Brown, Dorothy C.; Michel, Kathryn E.; Briscoe, Johanna A. Effects of various diets on the calcium and phosphorus composition of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor larvae) and superworms (Zophobas morio larvae). American Journal of Veterinary Research. February 2017, 78 (2): 178–185. PMID 28140633. doi:10.2460/ajvr.78.2.178.
外部連結