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納卡衝突

納卡衝突

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

納卡衝突
歷史睇埋註攷

納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫衝突，簡稱納卡衝突，喺亞美尼亞通稱做阿爾察赫衝突，係一個位於高加索南部納卡地區嘅領土糾紛，同時亦都係亞美尼亞同阿塞拜疆，代表住亞美尼亞人同埋阿塞拜疆人，之間嘅種族衝突。

Quick Facts 納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫衝突, 日期： ...
納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫衝突
前蘇聯衝突嘅一部分
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由左上角開始順時針:

  • 位於斯捷潘納克特嘅親亞美尼亞示威
  • 亞美尼亞士兵喺1994年喺阿爾察赫北部
  • 一次阿塞拜疆人嘅大屠殺之後嘅阿塞拜疆難民
  • 2020年，位於阿塞拜疆首都巴庫嘅閲兵儀式
  • 第三次納卡戰爭之後所產生嘅納卡難民潮
  • 俄羅斯同阿塞拜疆嘅維和部隊
  • 第二次納卡戰爭期間嘅衝突
  • 第一次納卡戰爭期間嘅阿塞拜疆士兵
日期： 1988年2月20號 – 2024年1月1號[1]
(35年10個月1個禮拜又5日)
  • 游擊戰: 1988–1991年[2]
  • 第一次納卡戰爭: 1992–1994年[3][4]
  • 低頻率作戰: 1994–2020年[5][6]
  • 第二次納卡戰爭: 2020年[7][8]
  • 低頻率作戰: 2020–2023年[9]
  • 第三次納卡戰爭: 2023年[10]
地點： 納卡地區，亞美尼亞-阿塞拜疆邊界[11][12][13][14][15]
狀態： 阿塞拜疆贏，成功控制納卡地區[16]
  • 亞美尼亞贏: 1994年[17]
  • 凍結衝突: 1994–2020年[18][19][20][21]
  • 軍備競賽[22][23][24]
  • 阿塞拜疆贏: 2020年[25]
  • 情況緊張: 2021–2024年[26][27][28][29]
  • 阿爾察赫封鎖: 2022–2024年[1]
  • 阿塞拜疆贏: 2023年[30]
    • 阿爾察赫軍隊解體: 2023[31]
    • 雙方喺2023年月21號開始和談[32]
    • 2023年納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫難民潮
    • 阿爾察赫政府喺2024年1月1號正式解體[1]
參戰方
阿爾察赫 [lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]
亞美尼亞 [lower-alpha 3] 		阿塞拜疆 (自從1991年)

蘇聯 (直至1991年)[lower-alpha 4]

  • 阿塞拜疆加盟國

土耳其 (2020年，亞美尼亞聲稱)[39][40][41]
參戰單位
阿爾察赫軍隊（英文：Artsakh Defense Forces） (直至2023年)
亞美尼亞軍隊 		蘇聯軍隊 (1991年前)
阿塞拜疆軍隊 (1991年後)
兵力
2018年: 65,000位現役軍人[42][lower-alpha 5]

1993-94年: 30,000–40,000位[45][46]

2019年: 66,950位現役軍人[47]

1993-94年: 42,000–56,000位[46][45][48]
傷亡同損失
28,000–38,000人喪命 (1988-94年)[49][50][51][52]

3,000人 (1994年5月 - 2009年8月)[53]
541–547+ 人 (2010-19年)
7,717人 (2020年)
44人 (2021–2022年)
Close

納卡地區由蘇聯時期嘅納卡自治區（英文：Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast）開始，雖然係屬於阿塞拜疆領土，但係一直都主要係亞美尼亞人住。喺1991-2023年期間，當地嘅亞美尼亞人組織咗自己嘅國家，阿爾察赫，嚟對抗阿塞拜疆政府。喺呢二十幾年之間，阿塞拜疆喺幾次打仗之下收復唔同部分嘅領土，直至2023年嘅第三次納卡戰爭，終於完全解散咗阿爾察赫嘅國家機關。

由蘇聯時期開始，當地嘅亞美尼亞人一直都受蘇聯同埋阿塞拜疆政府打壓，迫咗唔少亞美尼亞人離開，但係佢哋始終都係人口大多數[54]。 喺蘇聯嘅開放政策期間，當地舉行咗公投，俾人民有民族自決嘅權利。不過，喺公投結果支持納卡加入亞美尼亞加盟國之後，納卡地區同埋阿塞拜疆都出現咗大型嘅反亞美尼亞暴力事件，雙方嘅種族衝突繼續升溫[55]。

到1990年代初期，喺蘇聯解體之後，衝突演變成爲戰爭，造成第一次納卡戰爭。亞美尼亞成功控制蘇聯時期嘅納卡地區領土，而兩邊政府都有排擠非我族裔嘅情況出現。1993年，聯合國安理會發聲明，支持阿塞拜疆嘅領土完整，要求亞美尼亞撤出納卡地區。之後嗰年，亞美尼亞同阿塞拜疆喺比什凱克簽咗停火協議，成功維和咗超過20年。

到2020年，阿塞拜疆再一次進攻納卡地區，發動咗第二次納卡戰爭。阿塞拜疆成功收復大約1/3嘅領土，跟住都再一次簽咗停火協議[56]，不過有唔少報道都聲稱，阿塞拜疆喺之後曾經唔只一次咁違反協議。

到2022年，阿塞拜疆開始封鎖納卡地區，當地出現食物短缺。喺2023年9月，阿塞拜疆再一次進攻剩返嘅領土，發動第三次納卡戰爭[57][58][59]。佢哋成功喺兩日内收復全部領土，阿爾察赫冇耐之後，宣佈將會喺2024年1月1號解散全部國家機關[60]。與此同時，當地嘅亞美尼亞人開始大批咁逃離阿塞拜疆政府嘅控制，造成納卡難民潮，原本住喺當地嘅人口，有接近8成都去咗亞美尼亞。

  • 前蘇聯衝突
  • 凍結衝突
  • 亞美尼亞大屠殺
  • 2023年納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫攻勢
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