敘事學

敘事學（粵拼：zeoi6 si6 hok6；英文：narratology）係一個專門研究故仔－嘅人文社會科學領域：人文社科研究人類嘅文化同社會，而故仔呢樣嘢喺人類文化當中無處不在，好多嘅文化產物－包括用嚟傳承先人智慧嘅口傳故仔、好多嘅文學作品、漫畫、電影、同好多嘅舞台藝術（例如大戲同芭蕾舞噉）－當中都有故仔喺入面，所以故仔嘅元素同結構以及「人類點樣傳達故仔」等課題對於了解人類文化以至社會嚟講相當重要^[1]。

一班人聚埋一齊聽一個人講故仔－故仔係人類文化同思想嘅一個重要載體。

敘事學正正就係研究呢啲問題嘅一個領域。敘事學家會由文學同電影等嘅文化產物嗰度觀察人類作嘅故仔，並且嘗試搵出故仔當中存在嘅普遍規律（好似係對橋段嘅學術思考^[2]）同諗吓呢啲規律對了解人類嚟講俾到乜嘢啟示^[1]。

基本定義

敘事學研究故仔，所以首先要對「故仔」呢個詞有明確嘅定義。一般嚟講，故仔喺敘事學上係指一連串彼此之間有關連嘅事件，「故仔」指嘅係啲事件本身，而唔係表達串事件嘅媒介－一串用嚟講故仔嘅文字同個故仔本身係兩樣嘢^[3]。

對於「故仔」嘅定義，有敘事學家噉樣講^[3]：

「

原版英文："Narrative is a perceived sequence of non-randomly connected events, typically involving, as the experiencing agonist, humans or quasi-humans, or other sentient beings, from whose experience we human can learn." 粵文翻譯：敘事體係被（讀者觀眾）感知到嘅連串非隨機嘅相關事件，通常包括人類、類似人類嘅生物、或者第啲有感覺嘅存在作為經驗（啲事件）嘅主動體，而我哋人類能夠由呢啲經驗當中學習。

」

連串性（sequentiality）同事件之間嘅關連性（connectedness）一般俾敘事學界認為係故仔必要有嘅性質：想像一串文字，敘述咗一柞事件，柞事件彼此之間有關連、但完全唔知邊件先邊件後（缺乏連串性），讀者唔會能夠慢慢噉感受事態發展或者變化；而如果有一串文字，敘述一柞有明顯先後，但彼此之間完全冇因果關係、唔啦更嘅事件（缺乏關連性），讀者一樣會感受唔到事態發展或者變化－透過感知一柞事件嚟想像事態發展或者變化係故仔嘅核心特徵^[4]。

睇埋

• 故仔
• 文學
• 創意寫作

參考文獻

• Phelan, James. Experiencing Fiction: Judgments, Progressions, and the Rhetorical Theory of Narrative. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2007.
• Phelan, James. Living To Tell About It: A Rhetoric and Ethics of Character Narration. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.
• Phelan, James. Narrative as Rhetoric: Technique, Audiences, Ethics, Ideology. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1996.
• Phelan, James. Reading People, Reading Plots: Character, Progression, and the Interpretation of Narrative. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989.
• Phelan, James, ed. Reading Narrative: Form, Ethics, Ideology. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1989.
• Phelan, James, David Herman, and Brian McHale, eds. Teaching Narrative Theory. New York: MLA Publications, 2010.
• Phelan, James, and Peter J. Rabinowitz. A Companion to Narrative Theory. Malden: Blackwell, 2005.
• Phelan, James, and Peter J. Rabinowitz. Understanding Narrative. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1994.

攷

1. Prince, G. (2003). A dictionary of narratology. U of Nebraska Press.
2. Carnell, R. (2014). Eliza Haywood and the Narratological Tropes of Secret History. Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, 14(4), 101-121.
3. Toolan, M. (2001). Narrative: A Critical Linguistic Introduction. Interface. London: Routledge. p. 2.
4. Sternberg, M., 2010. Narrativity: from objectivist to functional paradigm. Poetics Today, 31, 507–659.

拎

• "Musical Narratology" by William Echard, review of A Theory of Musical Semiotics by Eero Tarasti, foreword by Thomas A. Sebeok.
• The Narrative Act: Wittgenstein and Narratology by Henry McDonald.
• Story-Systems.
• Narrative theory bibliography (A Bibliography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology).
• Narratology: A Guide to the Theory of Narrative by Manfred Jahn.
• Five Analyses of the Narrative "I First Got Paid".
• The Living Handbook of Narratology.
• Narratology: The Study of Story Structure.