倫巴底人

倫巴底人（英文：Lombards）係日耳曼人嘅一支，起源於斯堪的納維亞^[1]，如今瑞典南部。倫巴底人嘅歷史可以追溯到八世紀。

參考

註

1. Christie 1995, pp. 1-6.

來源

古代參考

• Cosmographer of Ravenna
• Historia Langobardorum Codicis Gothani in Codex Gothanus
• Historia Langobardorum
• Origo Gentis Langobardorum
• Tacitus. Annals
• Tacitus. Germania

現代參考

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• Amorim, Carlos Eduardo G. (11 September 2018b). "Understanding 6th-century barbarian social organization and migration through paleogenomics". Nature Communications. Nature Research. 9 (3547): 3547. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06024-4. PMC 6134036. PMID 30206220.
• Bluhme, Friedrich (1868). Die Gens Langobardorum und ihre Herkunft, ...und ihre Sprache [The Gens Langobardorum and their origin, ...and their language] (德文). Bonn: A.Marcus.
• Brown, Thomas S. (2005). "Lombards". 出自 Kazhdan, Alexander P. (編). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195187922. 喺26 January 2020搵到.
• Bruckner, Wilhelm (1895). "Die Sprache der Langobarden" [The language of the Lombards]. Quellen und Forschungen zur Sprach- und Culturgeschichte der germanischen Völker (德文). Strassburg: Karl J. Trübner. 75.
• Christie, Neil (1995). The Lombards. Wiley. ISBN 0631182381.
• Christie, Neil (2018a). "Lomvard Invasion Of Italy". 出自 Nicholson, Oliver (編). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. pp. 919–920. doi:10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001. ISBN 9780191744457. 喺March 13, 2020搵到.
• Christie, Neil (2018b). "Lombards". 出自 Nicholson, Oliver (編). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. pp. 920–922. doi:10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001. ISBN 9780191744457. 喺March 13, 2020搵到.
• Daim, Falko (2019). "The Longobards in Pannonia". Prima e dopo Alboino: sulle tracce dei Longobardi [Before and after Alboino: on the trail of the Lombards] (義大利文). Napoli: Guida. pp. 221–241.
• Darvill, Timothy (2009). "Lombards". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (第3版). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199534043.001.0001. ISBN 9780191727139. 喺25 January 2020搵到.
• Everett, Nicholas (2003). Literacy in Lombard Italy, c. 568-774. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521819053.
• Fröhlich, Hermann (1976). "Zur Herkunft der Langobarden" [On the origin of the Lombards]. Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken (QFIAB) 55/56 [Sources and Research from Italian Archives and Libraries (QFIAB) 55/56] (德文). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. pp. 1–21.
• Fröhlich, Hermann (1980). Studien zur langobardischen Thronfolge [Studies on the Longobard succession] (德文). In two volumes. Diss. Eberhard-Karls-Universität zu Tübingen.
• Giess, Hildegard (September 1959). "The Sculpture of the Cloister of Santa Sofia in Benevento". The Art Bulletin. 41 (3): 249–256. doi:10.1080/00043079.1959.11407988. JSTOR 3047841.
• Grimm, Jacob (1875–78) [1st ed. 1835]. Deutsche Mythologie
• Gwatkin, H. M., Whitney, J. P. (ed) (1913). The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume II—The Rise of the Saracens and the Foundations of the Western Empire.
• Hallenbeck, Jan T. (1982). "Pavia and Rome: The Lombard Monarchy and the Papacy in the Eighth Century". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. New Series. Philadelphia. 74 (4).
• Hammerstein-Loxten, Wilhelm Freiherr von (1869). Die Bardengau. Hannover: Hahn'sche Buchhandlung.
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• Leonardi, Michela (September 6, 2018). "The female ancestor's tale: Long‐term matrilineal continuity in a nonisolated region of Tuscany". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Wiley. 167 (3): 497–506. bioRxiv 10.1101/268250. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23679. PMID 30187463. S2CID 52161000.
• Menghin, Wilifred. Die Langobarden / Geschichte und Archäologie. Theiss
• O'Sullivan, Niall (September 9, 2018). "Ancient genome-wide analyses infer kinship structure in an Early Medieval Alemannic graveyard". Science Advances. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 4 (9): eaao1262. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao1262. PMC 6124919. PMID 30191172.
• Oman, Charles (1914) [1893] . The Dark Ages 476–918 (6th ed.). Periods of European History. London: Rivingtons.
• Pohl, Walter and Erhart, Peter (2005). Die Langobarden : Herrschaft und Identität. Forschungen zur Geschichte des Mittelalters, 9. Wien: VÖAW.
• Priester, Karin (2004). Geschichte der Langobarden: Gesellschaft – Kultur – Altagsleben. Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss.
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• Santosuosso, Antonio (2004). Barbarians, Marauders, and Infidels: The Ways of Medieval Warfare. ISBN 0-8133-9153-9
• Schmidt, Dr. Ludwig (1885). Zur Geschichte der Langobarden. Leipzig: Gustav Fock. Also in (1884) Älteste Geschichte der Langobarden. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Völkerwanderung. Dissertation. Leipzig, Universität.
• Todd, Malcolm (2004). The Early Germans. Wiley. ISBN 9781405117142.
• Wegewitz, Willi. Das langobardische Brandgräberfeld von Putensen, Kreise Harburg
• Wickham, Christopher (1998). "Aristocratic Power in Eighth-Century Lombard Italy". 出自 Goffart, Walter A.; Murray, Alexander C. (編). After Rome's Fall: Narrators and Sources of Early Medieval History, Essays presented to Walter Goffart. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 153–170. ISBN 0-8020-0779-1..
• Wiese, Robert. Die älteste Geschichte der Langobarden
• Zeuss, Kaspar. Die Deutschen und die Nachbarstämme
• Carlo Troya, Giovanni Minervini (1852-1855) Codice diplomatico longobardo dal DLXVIII al DCCLXXIV: con note storiche, Napoli, Stamperia reale, 1855
• Hutterer, Claus Jürgen (1999). "Langobardisch" [Lombardish]. Die Germanischen Sprachen [The Germanic Languages] (德文). Wiesbaden: Albus. pp. 336–341. ISBN 3-928127-57-8.
• Taviani-Carozzi, Huguette (2005). "Lombards". 出自 Vauchez, André (編). Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. James Clarke & Co. doi:10.1093/acref/9780227679319.001.0001. ISBN 9780195188172. 喺26 January 2020搵到.
• Vai, Stefania (19 January 2019). "A genetic perspective on Longobard-Era migrations". European Journal of Human Genetics. Nature Research. 27 (4): 647–656. doi:10.1038/s41431-018-0319-8. PMC 6460631. PMID 30651584.
• Whitby, L. Michael (2012). "Lombards". 出自 Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (編). The Oxford Classical Dictionary (第4版). Oxford University Press. p. 857. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001. ISBN 9780191735257. 喺25 January 2020搵到.