附曲;呢首曲响開頭嗰段用咗 Pop Goes the Weasel 嘅旋律(留意頭嗰大約 11 秒)。
舉個例說明,隻鼬 pop 咗(附圖嗰幅樂譜)就係一首好出名嘅旋律,而附曲係一首包含咗隻鼬 pop 咗喺入面嘅樂曲,喺隻鼬 pop 咗首原先旋律之外仲加咗啲音符,不過就算將隻鼬 pop 咗嗰首旋律由首曲嗰度拆出嚟獨立噉播,多數聽眾嘅腦海都唔會浮現「呢段音樂唔完整」嘅諗法。所以隻鼬 pop 咗就算係一首旋律[3][4]。
廿一世紀初嘅樂譜會用一個音符喺條五線譜(stave)上面嘅高度嚟表示個音符嘅音高:一條五線譜會由五條打橫嘅直線組成,五條直線之間會形成四條空白嘅空間,一個音符個「頭」一係喺正其中一條(畫低咗或者假想嘅)打橫直線上面、一係喺其中一條打橫空間裏面俾其中兩條直線夾住,而個「頭」嘅位置愈高就表示個音符愈高音;一張樂譜嘅每行都會有兩條五線譜一上一下,中 C 就係位於上五線譜對落嘅位嗰度(下圖位置低啲嗰個 C)[10]。响用鋼琴演奏一段音樂嗰時,演奏嘅人要望住張樂譜-或者事先背熟咗張樂譜-並且順序一吓一吓噉彈出每一個音符,途中每一吓音符佢手指撳緊邊個位就會決定座鋼琴發出幾高音嘅聲[11]。
和音化(harmonization)係作曲嘅一個步驟,指經已諗掂咗首主旋律,於是就幫首主旋律落一啲比較裝飾性質同輔助性質嘅嘢[5][27]。好似係伴奏噉就係和音化工作嘅重要一環,伴奏係指一啲負責支援主旋律嘅音符,好多時會係低音(擺喺下五線譜嗰度);舉個例說明,華爾茲音樂用嘅係每段節拍三吓拍子,每週期第一吓拍子強,而華爾滋音樂興用嘅 boom cha cha 式伴奏(下圖)就會係跟 1 2 3,1 2 3,1 2 3... 噉嘅規律,所以作曲嘅人幫一首華爾茲音樂加 boom cha cha 伴奏會幫到演奏嘅人一路彈一路留意住拍子嘅行進,於是呢種伴奏對首主旋律嚟講就會起到支援嘅作用[28]。
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