蓋洛普最敬佩的人民意調查

蓋洛普1946年起每年面向美國民眾開展最敬佩的人民意調查^[1]，在不預先提示的情況下請受訪者說出最敬佩男女姓名，只要求人物仍然在世^[2][3]，結果取前十名公布。在任美國總統登頂最敬佩男子次數最多，最敬佩女子以第一夫人最為常見^[4]。

德懷特·艾森豪（左上）與巴拉克·歐巴馬（右上）均12次入選最敬佩男子。希拉蕊·柯林頓（左下）22次入選最敬佩女子，伊莉諾·羅斯福（右下）13次

72年來，在任美國總統58次入選最敬佩男子^[1]，其中德懷特·艾森豪與巴拉克·歐巴馬均以12次居首^[5]。福音派傳教士葛培理一生61次進入前十，為進入前十次數最多的男性，其中八次位居第二^[6]。其他經常入選前十的如隆納·雷根31次，吉米·卡特28次、教宗若望保祿二世27次^[7]。1977年起，在任教宗每年都入選前十^[7]。評論認為此項民調一定程度上相當於名氣檢驗^[8]。榜首人選通常可以預料，學者發現前十位其他人選往往只是有名而不見得是好名聲。例如堅決主張種族隔離的阿肯色州州長奧瓦爾·富比士1958年在小岩城事件後上榜。^[9]

前第一夫人伊莉諾·羅斯福和希拉蕊·柯林頓登頂最敬佩女子次數最多^[3]。羅斯福13次名列榜首，她20世紀40年代後期到50年代擔任美國駐聯合國大使兼聯合國人權委員會主席，協助發布《世界人權宣言》，世人普遍將她譽為「世界第一夫人」^[10]。柯林頓是1993至2001年的第一夫人、曾任美國國務卿、紐約州聯邦參議員^[11]，2016年大選期間成為美國史上首位女總統候選人^[12]。1993至2017年，柯林頓在25年間22次名列榜首，直到2018年米歇爾·歐巴馬取而代之^[6]。英國女王伊莉莎白二世亮相前十達52次，比其他人選都多^[6][5]。歐普拉·溫芙蕾33次入選前十但從未登頂^[5]，其中14次排第二^[6]。

加爾各答德蕾莎修女與羅莎琳·卡特1980年並列排在最敬佩女子首位，巴拉克·歐巴馬與唐納·川普2019年一起登上最敬佩男子榜首^[13]。1946至1947年民調提問是「最敬佩的人」，1967年沒有詢問「最敬佩的女子」^[5]。1976和2021年沒有開展民調。部分受訪者的回答不是公眾人物，而是朋友或親戚^[14]。

名單

年份	最敬佩的男子		最敬佩的女子		參考
	畫像	姓名	畫像	姓名
1946		道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟[注 1]	未調查		[5]
1947					[5]
1948		哈瑞·S·杜魯門		伊莉諾·羅斯福	[15]
1949					[16]
1950		德懷特·艾森豪			[5]
1951		道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟		伊莉莎白·肯尼	[17][18]
1952		德懷特·艾森豪		伊莉諾·羅斯福	[19]
1953					[20]
1954					[21][22]
1955					[21][23]
1956					[21][23]
1957					[21][24]
1958					[21][24]
1959					[21][25]
1960					[21][25]
1961		約翰·甘迺迪			[26][27]
1962				賈桂琳·甘迺迪	[26][28]
1963		林登·詹森			[26][28]
1964					[29][30]
1965					[29][30]
1966					[31]
1967		德懷特·艾森豪	未調查		[32]
1968				埃塞爾·甘迺迪	[32][33]
1969		理察·尼克森		瑪米·艾森豪	[34][35]
1970					[34][35]
1971				果爾達·梅厄	[36][37]
1972				帕特·尼克森	[36][37]
1973		亨利·季辛吉		果爾達·梅厄	[38][39]
1974					[38][39]
1975				貝蒂·福特	[40]
1976	未調查				—
1977		吉米·卡特		羅莎琳·卡特	[41][42]
1978				貝蒂·福特	[41][42]
1979				羅莎琳·卡特	[5]
1980		若望保祿二世		加爾各答德蕾莎修女、羅莎琳·卡特	[43]
1981		隆納·雷根		南希·雷根	[44]
1982				瑪格麗特·柴契爾	[45][46]
1983					[5]
1984					[47][48]
1985				南希·雷根	[49]
1986				加爾各答德蕾莎修女	[5]
1987				南希·雷根	[50]
1988				瑪格麗特·柴契爾	[51][52]
1989		喬治·赫伯特·華克·布希			[5]
1990					[53]
1991				芭芭拉·布希	[54]
1992					[55]
1993		比爾·柯林頓		希拉蕊·柯林頓	[56]
1994					[57]
1995				加爾各答德蕾莎修女	[58]
1996					[59]
1997				希拉蕊·柯林頓	[60]
1998					[61]
1999					[62]
2000					[63]
2001		喬治·沃克·布希		蘿拉·威爾士·布希	[64]
2002				希拉蕊·柯林頓	[65]
2003					[66]
2004					[67]
2005					[68]
2006					[69]
2007					[70][71]
2008		巴拉克·歐巴馬			[72]
2009					[73]
2010					[74]
2011					[75]
2012					[76]
2013					[77]
2014					[78]
2015					[79]
2016					[80]
2017					[81]
2018				米歇爾·歐巴馬	[82]
2019		巴拉克·歐巴馬、唐納·川普			[83][84]
2020		唐納·川普			[85][86]
2021	未調查				—
2022	未調查				—

注釋

1. 民調問題是「最敬佩的人」^[5]。

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