bright

參見：Bright

英语

发音

Bright sunlight (sense 2) seen at Cerro de la Campana in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
墨西哥索诺拉州埃莫西约市的Cerro de la Campana里明亮（义项2）的阳光

• (標準英音，通用美式) 英語發音：brīt、國際音標^(幫助)：/bɹaɪt/

• （通用美式）音频：

  (檔案)

• 韻部：-aɪt

词源 1

形容词派生自中古英語 bright (“光亮的，明亮的；强烈的；闪亮的；辉煌的；（指人）美丽的，面色红润的；极佳的；清晰的；（指视觉）明晰的；（比喻义）无罪过的；开明的”) [以及其他形式]^[1]，源自古英語 bryht、breht (诺森伯兰)，字母换位自byrht (盎格鲁)、beorht (西萨克逊)、berht (“明晰的”) [以及其他形式]，源自原始西日耳曼語 *berht^[2]，源自原始日耳曼語 *berhtaz (“明亮的”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *bʰerHǵ- (“照，使...变白”)。

名词派生自中古英語 bright (“光亮，闪亮；阳光；光”)，源自bright (形容词)：^[3]见上文。

英语词的同源词包括阿爾巴尼亞語 bardhë (“白的”)、荷蘭語 brecht (用于人名)、冰島語 bjartur (“明亮的”)、立陶宛語 brekšta (“破晓”)、中古愛爾蘭語 brafad (“眨眼”)、挪威語 bjart (“光亮的，明晰的”)、波斯語 برازیدن (barâzidan, “美化；适宜于”)、北盧里語 بڵێز (bełız, “火焰”) 俄語 бре́зжить (brézžitʹ, “破晓；发微光；（比喻义，指希望，思想等）出现，显现”)、梵語 भ्राजते (bhrājate)、低地蘇格蘭語 bricht (“明亮的”)、威爾士語 berth (“美丽的”) (弃用)。

形容词

bright (比較級 brighter，最高級 brightest)

1. 明亮的，发光的，闪耀的，照耀的；炫目的

   The sky was remarkably bright and blue on that beautiful summer day.

   夏天里的那天，蓝色的天空格外的闪耀夺目。

   • 1646 (indicated as 1645), John Milton, “At a Solemn Musick”, 出自 Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC，頁號 22:

     Where the bright Seraphim in burning row / Their loud up-lifted Angel trumpets blow; / And the Cherubick hoſt in thouſand quires / Touch their immortal Harps of golden wires, […]

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行號s 372 and 381–382:

     Thee Father firſt they ſung Omnipotent, / […] that brighteſt Seraphim / Approach not, but with both their wings veil thir eyes.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1897, Bram Stoker, “Cutting from ‘The Dailygraph,’ 8 August (Pasted in Mina Murray’s Journal.)”, 出自 Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC，頁號 95:

     There were very few people about, and though the sun was bright, and the air clear and fresh, the big, grim-looking waves, that seemed dark themselves because the foam that topped them was like snow, forced themselves in through the narrow mouth of the harbour—like a bullying man going through a crowd.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2. (指光) 亮的，强烈的

   Could you please dim the light? It’s far too bright.

   能把灯调暗点吗？太亮了。

3. (指物体，表面等) 反光而耀眼的，有光泽的

   近義詞：lustrous；亦參見Thesaurus:shiny

   反義詞：dull

4. (指某空间) 明亮的
   • 1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章號 X, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James II, 卷 II, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC，頁號 564:

     It was said that the Irish whom [Louis de Duras, 2nd Earl of] Feversham had let loose were marching on London and massacring every man, woman, and child on the road. At one in the morning the drums of the militia beat to arms. […] Before two the capital wore a face of stern preparedness which might well have daunted a real enemy, if such an enemy had been approaching. Candles were blazing at all the windows. The public places were as bright as at noonday.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

5. (指气候或天气) 晴朗的
   • 1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge”, 出自 Master Humphrey’s Clock, 卷 III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, chapter 77，頁號 392:

     [H]e felt the influence of the bright sky, and looked up smiling into its deep unfathomable blue.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1910, Emerson Hough, “A Lady in Company”, 出自 The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC，頁號 6:

     Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes. The clear light of the bright autumn morning had no terrors for youth and health like hers.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

6. (比喻義)
   1. 显然的，显眼的
      • 1961年11月10日, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, 出自 Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC，頁號 169:

        They gathered soberly in the farthest recess of the ward and gossiped about him in malicious, offended undertones, rebelling against his presence as a ghastly imposition and resenting him malevolently for the nauseating truth of which he was bright reminder.

        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   2. (指颜色) 鲜亮的，鲜艳的

      近義詞：vivid

      反義詞：muted、pale

      • 1838 May, L. M., “The West Fifty Years Since”, 出自 T[homas] W[illis] White 編, The Southern Literary Messenger: Devoted to Every Department of Literature and the Fine Arts, 卷 IV, 期 V, Richmond, Va.: T. W. White, […], →OCLC, chapter II，頁號 308，列號 1:

        Her step was quick; her eye piercing, and of the brightest blue; […]

        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   3. (指物体，表面) 颜色鲜艳的，多彩的

      The orange and blue walls of the sitting room were much brighter than the dull grey walls of the kitchen.

      客厅的橙色蓝色相间的墙壁比厨房的单调灰色的墙鲜艳多了。

      • Template:RQ:Pope Pastorals
      • 1897年 12月（標示為1898年）, Winston Churchill, 章號 II, 出自 The Celebrity: An Episode, 紐約: The Macmillan Company；倫敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC，頁號 15:

        Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.

        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   4. (指乐器，声音，嗓音) 清晰的，嘹亮的，尖锐的
   5. (指房间或地方) 容易造成尖锐回音的
   6. (指气味，味道) 明显的，强烈的
   7. (指物质) 透明的，澄明的；纯净的，无杂质的；(尤指酒) 纯净的，无悬浮物的，优质的
      • 1728, [James] Thomson, Spring: A Poem, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar and G[eorge] Strahan, →OCLC，頁號 10:

        From […] the brighteſt Wines / He'd turn abhorrent.

        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   8. 辉煌的，荣耀的，显赫的
      • 1681, Charles Cotton, The Wonders of the Peake, London: […] Joanna Brome, […], →OCLC，頁號 16:

        And 'twas the worſt, if not the only ſtain, / I'th' brighteſt Annals of a Female Reign.

        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   9. 高兴的，开心的；乐观的

      近義詞：參見Thesaurus:happy

      反義詞：參見Thesaurus:sad

      I woke up today feeling so bright that I decided to have a little dance.

      今天起床心情特别好，好到我跳了支舞。

      • 1937年9月21日, J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “On the Doorstep”, 出自 The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again, 3rd版, London: Unwin Books, George Allen & Unwin, 出版於 1966 (1970 printing), →ISBN，頁號 191:

        Their spirits had risen a little at the discovery of the path, but now they sank into their boots; and yet they would not give it up and go away. The hobbit [Bilbo Baggins] was no longer much brighter than the dwarves. He would do nothing but sit with his back to the rock-face and stare […]。

        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   10. (指脸，眼睛，笑容等) 高兴的，阳光的，灿烂的
       • 1978年10月19日, Mike Batt （作曲作詞）, “Bright Eyes”, 出自 Fate for Breakfast, 演出者 Art Garfunkel, 出版於 19 January 1979:

         Bright eyes / Burning like fire / Bright eyes / How can you close and fail? / How can the light that burned so brightly / Suddenly burn so pale? / Bright eyes

         （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   11. (指人) 快活的，生机勃勃的
       • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, 出自 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, 出版於 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]，頁號 140，列號 2:

         Come on: / Gentle my Lord, ſleeke o're your rugged Lookes, / Be bright and Iouiall among your Gueſts to Night.

         （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   12. (指一段时期) 快乐的，繁荣昌盛的

       She has a bright future ahead.

       她前途无量。

       • 1986, Pat MacDonald （作曲作詞）, “The Future’s So Bright, I Gotta Wear Shades”, 出自 Greetings from Timbuk3, 演出者 Timbuk3:

         Things are going great, and they're only getting better / I'm doing all right, getting good grades / The future's so bright, I gotta wear shades

         （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   13. (指机会，前景等) 光明的，好的

       If he trains hard, his chances of winning the competition are bright.

       他努力训练的话就很有希望能赢得那场竞赛。

   14. (指对话，发言，写作等) 巧妙的，机智的，聪明的
   15. 机智的，聪明的

       近義詞：參見Thesaurus:intelligent

       反義詞：參見Thesaurus:stupid

       She’s very bright. She was able to solve the problem without my help.

       她很聪明，不需要我帮忙就解决了那个问题。

       • 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, 出自 Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos]，頁號 573:

         ―Ah, God, Corley replied, sure I couldn't teach in a school, man. I was never one of your bright ones, he added with a half laugh, Got stuck twice in the junior at the Christian Brothers.

         （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

       • 2013年8月3日, “Revenge of the nerds: An explosion of start-ups is changing finance for the better”, 出自 The Economist‎^[1], 卷 408, 期 8847, London: Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC，於3 August 2013歸檔自原頁面:

         Think of banking today and the image is of grey-suited men in towering skyscrapers. Its future, however, is being shaped in converted warehouses and funky offices in San Francisco, New York and London, where bright young things in jeans and T-shirts huddle around laptops, sipping lattes or munching on free food.

         （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   16. (古舊)
       1. (指眼睛) 视力好的，锐利的
       2. 显然的
          • 1741, I[saac] Watts, “The Socratical Way of Disputation”, 出自 The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC, paragraph V，頁號 172:

            [T]he Queriſt muſt not proceed too ſwiftly towards the Determination of his Point propos'd, that he may with more Eaſe, with brighter Evidence, and with ſurer Succeſs draw the Learner on to aſſent to thoſe Principles ſtep by ſtep, from whence the final Concluſion will naturally ariſe.

            （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   17. (音樂，指旋律，节奏) 轻快的，愉快的
7. (冶金學，指金属或表面) 无防腐蚀覆盖层的

衍生词汇

• bright and morning star
• bright as a button
• bright as a new button
• bright as a new coin
• bright as a new dollar
• bright as a new penny
• bright as a new pin
• brighten
• bright-eyed
• bright eyed and bushy tailed
• bright-eyed and bushy-tailed
• bright field
• bright giant
• bright green
• bright lights
• bright lights and cold steel
• bright line
• bright-line rule
• brightly
• bright nail
• brightness
• Bright Saturday
• bright shiny object
• bright side
• bright soliton
• bright spark
• bright spot
• brights (仅复数形式)
• Bright Week
• brightwork
• bright young people
• Bright Young Thing
• bright young thing
• cold steel and bright lights
• embrighten
• eyebright
• gold-bright
• honour bright
• look on the bright side
• meadow bright
• night-bright
• radio-bright
• see-bright

 

名词

bright (複數 brights)

1. (古舊或書面)
   1. 明亮

      近義詞：brightness

      • 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行號s 372 and 377–381:

        Thee Father firſt they ſung Omnipotent, / […] when thou ſhad'ſt / The full blaze of thy beams, and through a cloud / Drawn round about thee like a radiant Shrine, / Dark with exceſſive bright thy ſkirts appeer, / Yet dazle Heav'n, […]

        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   2. (比喻義) 华丽，壮丽

      近義詞：glory、splendour

2. (主要用复数) （尤指商品）颜色鲜亮的东西
3. 人文主义者，信奉自然主义世界观的人

   近義詞：humanist、nonsupernaturalist

   反義詞：super、supernaturalist

   下位詞：atheist

   • 2003年6月20日, Richard Dawkins, “The future looks bright”, 出自 Alan Rusbridger 編, The Guardian‎^[2], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，於22 March 2021歸檔自原頁面:

     Brights constitute 60% of American scientists, and a stunning 93% of those scientists good enough to be elected to the elite National Academy of Sciences (equivalent to Fellows of the Royal Society) are brights.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2006, Daniel C[lement] Dennett, “Breaking Which Spell?”, 出自 Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon, New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN, part I (Opening Pandora’s Box), section 5 (Religion as a Natural Phenomenon)，頁號 27:

     Many of us brights have devoted considerable time and energy at some point in our lives to looking at the arguments for and against the existence of God, and many brights continue to pursue these issues, hacking away vigorously at the arguments of believers as if they were trying to refute a rival scientific theory. But not I.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2008 April, David Aikman, “The Attack of the Four Horsemen”, 出自 The Delusion of Disbelief: Why the New Atheism is a Threat to Your Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness, Carol Stream, Ill.: SaltRiver, Tyndale House Publishers, →ISBN，頁號 28:

     [Richard] Dawkins has received appreciative letters from people who were formerly what he derisively calls "faith-heads" who have abandoned their delusions and come over to the side of the brights, the pleasant green pastures where clear-eyed, brave, bold, and supremely brainy atheists graze contentedly.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

4. (繪畫) 本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

词源 2

源自中古英語 brighte (“明亮地；（比喻义）极佳地，辉煌地；（指颜色）鲜艳的，清晰地；洪亮地，大声地”) [以及其他形式]^[4]，源自古英語 breohte、beorhte (西萨克逊) [以及其他形式]，最终源自原始日耳曼語 *berhtaz (“明亮的”)^[5]，详见词源 1。

副词

bright (比較級 more bright，最高級 most bright)

1. (常書面) 明亮地，照耀地，发光地

   近義詞：brightly、glowingly、luminously、lustrously

2. (比喻義)
   1. (指颜色) 明亮地，鲜艳地
   2. (古舊，指视觉，声音，理解力等) 清晰地

衍生词汇

• bright and early

词源 3

源自中古英語 brighten (“照亮；变亮；破晓；（比喻义）净化，纯化；解释，阐明”) [以及其他形式]^[6]，源自古英語 beorhtian (“照亮，照耀；发声清晰洪亮”) [以及其他形式]，可能源自beorht (“明亮的”, 形容词)（详见词源 1） + -ian (从形容词和名词构成动词的后缀)。该词之后的使用可能亦直接派生自形容词。^[7]

动词

bright (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 brights，現在分詞 brighting，一般過去時及過去分詞 brighted) (主，英國方言)

1. (及物，常后接up) 照亮
2. (及物，比喻義，常后接up) 使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力

   近義詞：embrighten、(给...活力) enliven、delight、gladden、(使...开心，取悦) please

   • 1686, J[ohn] Goad, “The Sun, the Great Light, Justly Admired. […]”, 出自 Astro-meteorologica, or, Aphorisms and Large Significant Discourses of the Natures and Influences of the Cœlestial Bodies; […], 2nd版, London: […] O[badiah] B[lagrave] and sold by John Sprint, […], 出版於 1699, →OCLC, book I, § 2，頁號 14:

     Toward Mid-day he [the Sun] brighteth the Air into a chearful Saphir, and guildeth the Borders of the very Clouds with a coſtly limbus.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

3. (不及物，亦比喻義) （变得符合形容词的多个义项）

   近義詞：brighten

   • 1915, Keith Ringkamp 編, The Patience Worth Record, 卷 I, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, 出版於 2008, →ISBN，頁號 238:

     Day brighteth at the smile o' her and yea, He hath aplanted full o' seed for harvesting by thy loving.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

变位

不定式	(to) bright
	現在時	過去式
第一人稱單數	bright	brighted
第二人稱單數	bright, brightest1	brighted, brightedst1
第三人稱單數	brights, brighteth1	brighted
複數	bright
虛擬語氣	bright
祈使語氣	bright	—
分詞	brighting	brighted

bright的變位

¹古舊或棄用。

参考资料

1. “bright, adj.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
2. 对比“bright, adj. and n.”，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，March 2021年; “bright, adj. and n.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.
3. “bright, n.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
4. “brighte, adv.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
5. 对比“bright, adv.”，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，December 2020年; “bright, adv.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.
6. “bright, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
7. 对比“bright, v.”，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，December 2020年

延伸阅读

• brightness在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 ^en
• Brights movement在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 ^en
• bright (disambiguation)在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 ^en