土半夏屬（學名：Typhonium），又名犁頭尖屬，是天南星科下的一個屬，為草本植物。該屬共有35種，分布於印度至馬來西亞一帶。[1]
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本屬包括以下物種：[2]
- Typhonium acetosella Gagnep.
- Typhonium adnatum Hett. & Sookch.
- 白脈土半夏 Typhonium albidinervium C.Z.Tang & H.Li
- Typhonium albispathum Bogner
- Typhonium alismifolium F.Muell.
- Typhonium angustilobum F.Muell.
- Typhonium attapeuensis A.Galloway
- Typhonium aungmyintwinii K.Z.Hein & Naive[3]
- Typhonium bachmaense V.D.Nguyen & Hett.
- 保山土半夏 Typhonium baoshanense Z.L.Dao & H.Li
- 土半夏 Typhonium blumei Nicolson & Sivad.,土半夏
- Typhonium bognerianum J.Murata & Sookch.
- Typhonium brownii Schott
- Typhonium bulbiferum Dalzell
- Typhonium circinnatum Hett. & J.Mood
- Typhonium cochleare A.Hay
- Typhonium conchiforme Hett. & A.Galloway
- Typhonium cordifolium S.Y.Hu
- Typhonium corrugatum Hett. & Rybková
- Typhonium digitatum Hett. & Sookch.
- Typhonium discolor Hassk.
- Typhonium dongnaiense Luu, Nguyen-Phi & H.T.Van
- Typhonium echinulatum Hett. & Sookch.
- Typhonium edule Naive & K.Z.Hein[4]
- Typhonium elatum H.Ara & M.A.Hassan
- Typhonium eliosurum (F.Muell. ex Benth.) O.D.Evans
- Typhonium filiforme Ridl.
- 鞭檐土半夏 Typhonium flagelliforme (G.Lodd.) Blume
- Typhonium fultum Ridl.
- Typhonium gagnepainii J.Murata & Sookch.
- Typhonium gallowayi Hett. & Sookch.
- Typhonium glaucum Hett. & Sookch.
- Typhonium gracile Schott
- Typhonium griseum Hett. & Sookch.
- Typhonium hangiae V.D.Nguyen, D.D.Nguyen & V.C.Nguyen[5]
- Typhonium hayatae Sriboonma & J.Murata
- Typhonium huense Nguyen & Croat
- 湖南土半夏 Typhonium hunanense H.Li & Z.Q.Liu
- Typhonium inopinatum Prain[3]
- 金平土半夏 Typhonium jinpingense Z.L.Wang, H.Li & F.H.Bian
- Typhonium johnsonianum A.Hay & S.M.Taylor
- Typhonium jonesii A.Hay
- Typhonium kbangense V.D.Nguyen & Q.D.Dinh[6]
- Typhonium laoticum Gagnep.
- Typhonium liliifolium F.Muell. ex Schott
- Typhonium liliifolium F.Muell., 1859
- Typhonium lineare Hett. & V.D.Nguyen
- Typhonium listeri Prain
- Typhonium medusae Hett. & Sookch.
- Typhonium mirabile (A.Hay) A.Hay
- Typhonium muaklekense Sookch. & Maneean.
- Typhonium neogracile J.Murata
- Typhonium nudibaccatum A.Hay
- Typhonium obtusum Luu, X.B.Nguyen-Le & H.C.Nguyen, 2024[7]
- Typhonium orbifolium Hett. & Sookch.
- Typhonium pedatisectum Gage
- Typhonium pedatum Engl., 1879
- Typhonium pedunculatum Hett. & Sookch.
- Typhonium peltandroides A.Hay, M.D.Barrett & R.L.Barrett
- Typhonium penicillatum V.D.Nguyen & Hett.
- Typhonium phuocbinhense V.D.Nguyen & T.Croat, 2021[8]
- Typhonium pottingeri Prain
- Typhonium praecox J.Murata
- Typhonium praetermissum A.Hay
- Typhonium pusillum Sookch., V.D.Nguyen & Hett.
- Typhonium ramosum Hett.
- Typhonium reflexum Hett. & Sookch.
- Typhonium rhizomatosum A.Galloway & Petra Schmidt
- 金慈姑 Typhonium roxburghii Schott[3]
- Typhonium russell-smithii A.Hay
- Typhonium sagaingense K.Z.Hein, Naive, Z.X.Ma & V.D.Nguyen[9]
- Typhonium sagittariifolium Gagnep.
- Typhonium saraburiense Sookch. et al.
- Typhonium saraburiensis Sookch., Hett. & J.Murata
- Typhonium sinhabaedyae Hett. & A.Galloway
- Typhonium smitinandii Sookch. & J.Murata
- Typhonium stigmatilobatum V.D.Nguyen
- Typhonium subglobosum Hett. & Sookch.
- Typhonium supraneeae A.Galloway, Petra Schmidt & Sinhab.
- Typhonium taylorii A.Hay
- Typhonium thatsonense Luu & H.T.Van
- 三葉土半夏 Typhonium trifoliatum F.T.Wang & H.S.Lo ex H.Li, Y.Shiao & S.L.Tseng
- 馬蹄土半夏 Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott
- Typhonium tubispathum Hett. & A.Galloway
- Typhonium varians Hett. & Sookch.[3]
- Typhonium vermiforme V.D.Nguyen & Croat
- 越南土半夏 Typhonium vietnamense Luu, Nguyen-Phi & H.T.Van, 2021
- Typhonium violifolium Gagnep.
- Typhonium viridispathum A.Galloway & Sinhab.
- Typhonium watanabei J.Murata, Sookch. & Hett.
- Typhonium weipanum A.Hay
- Typhonium wilbertii A.Hay
Khant Zaw Hein and Mark Arcebal K. Naive. 2021. Taxonomic Studies of Araceae in Myanmar III: Typhonium aungmyintwinii, A New Species from Mogok Township, Mandalay Region. Taiwania. 66(4); 455-458. DOI: 10.6165/tai.2021.66.455
Mark Arcebal K. Naive and Khant Zaw Hein. 2021. Taxonomic Studies of Araceae in Myanmar II: Typhonium edule, A Remarkable New Aroid Species from Monywa District, Sagaing Region. Phytotaxa. 513(2); 159-165. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.513.2.7
Thi Kim Thoa Pham, Danh Duc Nguyen, Van Canh Nguyen, Van Du Nguyen and Van Tien Tran. 2023. Typhonium hangiae (Araceae: Aroideae: Areae), A New Species from Central Vietnam with A Key to Vietnamese Species of the Genus. Kew Bulletin. DOI: 10.1007/s12225-023-10134-8
Van Du Nguyen, Chi Toan Le, Quang Diep Dinh, Thi Van Anh Nguyen, Van Tien Tran and Thomas B. Croat. 2022. Typhonium kbangense, A New Species of Araceae (Aroidea–Areae) from Central Vietnam. Nordic Journal of Botany. DOI: 10.1111/njb.03601
Hong Truong Luu, Nga Nguyen-Phi, Quoc Dat Nguyen, Hieu Cuong Nguyen, Hong Thien Van and Xuan Bach Nguyen-Le. 2024. A New Species of Typhonium (Araceae) from Vietnam. PhytoKeys. 238: 119-126. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.112973
Van Du Nguyen, Le Chi Toan, Van Dinh Nguyen, Minh Tam Ha, Van Anh Nguyen Thi and Thomas Croat. 2021. Typhonium phuocbinhense sp. nov. (Araceae: Areae), A New Species from central Vietnam. Phytotaxa. 482(1); 73–79. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.482.1.8
Mark Arcebal K. Naive, Khant Zaw Hein, Zheng-Xu Ma and Nguyen Van Du. 2020. Taxonomic Studies of Araceae in Myanmar I: Typhonium sagaingense, A New Areae Species from Sagaing Region. Phytotaxa. 471(1); 47–53. DOI 10.11646/phytotaxa.471.1.5
