捕鳥蛛科

捕鳥蛛科; 化石時期：16–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	短尾蛛屬（Brachypelma sp.）
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：	蛛形綱 Arachnida
目：	蜘蛛目 Araneae
亞目：	背突蛛亞目 Opisthothelae
下目：	猛蛛亞目 Mygalomorphae
科：	捕鳥蛛科 Theraphosidae; Thorell, 1870
屬
	約113屬

捕鳥蛛（學名：Tarantula）屬於較原始的蜘蛛，其全身密生細毛。亦稱為大蘭多毒蛛、塔蘭托毒蛛、塔蘭圖拉毒蛛。美洲的捕鳥蛛身上某些地方可能長有一種刺激性的螫毛，可在面臨危險時使用後腿向老鼠等天敵拋灑這種天然的致癢粉，而天敵遇到這種螫毛會產生類似於工人鋪設纖維玻璃毛氈後產生的刺癢感。這種方式可以幫助叮咬能力較弱的美洲捕鳥蛛保護自己不受傷害，而美洲捕鳥蛛也因此擁有相對於亞洲捕鳥蛛較低的毒性。

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（中美洲 Acanthopelminae）

Acanthopelma F. O. P. Cambridge, 1897

（南美洲 Aviculariinae）

Avicularia
Lamarck, 1818
- Avicularia avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Avicularia caei Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
- Avicularia gamba^[1]
- Avicularia glauca Simon, 1891
- Avicularia hirschii Bullmer, Thierer-Lutz & Schmidt, 2006
- Avicularia hirsutissima (C.L.Koch, 1842)
- Avicularia juruensis Mello-Leitão, 1923
- Avicularia lynnae Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
- Avicularia merianae Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
- Avicularia minatrix Pocock, 1903
- Avicularia purpurea Kirk, 1990
- Avicularia rufa Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1945
- Avicularia sooretama^[1]
- Avicularia taunayi (Mello-Leitão, 1920)
- Avicularia testacea (C.L.Koch, 1841)
- Avicularia variegata F.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1896
- Avicularia vestiaria (De Geer, 1778)
Ephebopus Simon, 1892
Iridopelma Pocock, 1901
Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901

（非洲 Eumenophorinae）

Anoploscelus Pocock, 1897
Batesiella Pocock, 1903
Citharischius Pocock, 1900
Encyocrates Simon, 1892
Eumenophorus Pocock, 1897
Hysterocrates Simon, 1892
Loxomphalia Simon, 1889
Loxoptygus Simon, 1903
Mascaraneus Gallon, 2005
Monocentropus Pocock, 1897
Myostola Simon, 1903
Phoneyusa Karsch, 1884

（非洲 Harpactirinae）

Augacephalus Gallon, 2002
Ceratogyrus Pocock, 1897
Eucratoscelus Pocock, 1898
Harpactira Ausserer, 1871
Harpactirella Purcell, 1902
Idiothele Hewitt, 1919
Pterinochilus Pocock, 1897
Trichognathella Gallon, 2004

（世界 Ischnocolinae）

Catumiri Guadanucci, 2004
毛踵蛛屬 Chaetopelma Ausserer, 1871
Cratorrhagus Simon, 1891
Hemiercus Simon, 1903
Heterothele Karsch, 1879
Holothele Karsch, 1879
Ischnocolus Ausserer, 1871
Nesiergus Simon, 1903
Oligoxystre Vellard, 1924
Plesiophrictus Pocock, 1899
Pseudoligoxystre Vol, 2001
Sickius Soares & Camargo, 1948

（東南亞、華南等地 Ornithoctoninae）

Citharognathus Pocock, 1895
塞勒蛛屬 Cyriopagopus (海南捕鳥蛛)
Haplopelma Simon, 1892
Lampropelma Simon, 1892
Ornithoctonus Pocock, 1892
Phormingochilus Pocock, 1895

（印度 Poecilotheriinae）

華麗雨林屬（Poecilotheria） Simon, 1885]]

（遠東、澳洲、等地棒刺蛛亞科 Selenocosmiinae）

纓毛蛛屬 Chilobrachys Karsch, 1891
Coremiocnemis Simon, 1892
單壁蛛屬 Haplocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996
Lyrognathus Pocock, 1895
Orphnaecus Simon, 1892
美焰蛛屬 Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897
Psalmopoeus
Pocock, 1895
- Psalmopoeus cambridgei Pocock, 1895
- Psalmopoeus chronoarachne Peñaherrera-R. & León-E, 2023^[2]
- Psalmopoeus ecclesiasticus Pocock, 1903
- Psalmopoeus emeraldus Pocock, 1903
- Psalmopoeus irminia Saager, 1994
- Psalmopoeus langenbucheri Schmidt, Bullmer & Thierer-Lutz, 2006
- Psalmopoeus maya Witt, 1996
- Psalmopoeus plantaris Pocock, 1903
- Psalmopoeus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1925
- Psalmopoeus reduncus (Karsch, 1880)
- Psalmopoeus satanas Peñaherrera-R. & León-E, 2023^[2]
- Psalmopoeus victori Mendoza, 2014
Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999
棒刺蛛屬 Selenocosmia Ausserer, 1871
Selenotholus Hogg, 1902
Selenotypus Pocock, 1895
Tapinauchenius
Ausserer, 1871
- Tapinauchenius brunneus Schmidt, 1995
- Tapinauchenius cupreus Schmidt & Bauer, 1996
- Tapinauchenius gretae Cifuentes & Bertani, 2022
- Tapinauchenius herrerai Gabriel & Sherwood, 2022
- Tapinauchenius latipes L.Koch, 1875
- Tapinauchenius plumipes (C.L.Koch, 1842)
- Tapinauchenius polybotes Hüsser, 2018
- Tapinauchenius rasti Hüsser, 2018
- Tapinauchenius sanctivincenti (Walckenaer, 1837)
雅美蛛屬 Yamia Kishida, 1920，為Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897的異名

（印度，非洲 Selengyrinae）

Annandaliella Hirst, 1909
Euphrictus Hirst, 1908
Selenogyrus Pocock, 1897

（非洲西部 Stromatopelmina）

Encyocratella Strand, 1907
Heteroscodra Pocock, 1899
Stromatopelma Karsch, 1881

（南、北美洲狒蛛亞科 Theraphosinae）

Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871
Aenigmarachne Schmidt, 2005
Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901
Bonnetina Vol, 2000
短尾蛛屬 Brachypelma Simon, 1891
Caribena
Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
- 油彩粉紅趾蜘蛛
Chromatopelma
Schmidt, 1995
- 紅綠橙『Greenbottle Blue tarantula』
Citharacanthus Pocock, 1901
Clavopelma Chamberlin, 1940
Crassicrus Reichling & West, 1996
Cyclosternum Ausserer, 1871
Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903
Cyrtopholis Simon, 1892
Euathlus Ausserer, 1875
Eupalaestrus Pocock, 1901
Grammostola Simon, 1892
Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875
Hapalotremus Simon, 1903
半損蛛屬 Hemirrhagus Simon, 1903
Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871
Iracema Pérez-Miles, 2000
Lasiodora
C. L. Koch, 1850
- 巴伊亞猩紅食鳥蛛『Lasiodora klugi』
Lasiodorides Schmidt & Bischoff, 1997
Megaphobema Pocock, 1901
Melloleitaoina Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1960
Metriopelma Becker, 1878
Nesipelma Schmidt & Kovarik, 1996
Nhandu Lucas, 1983
Ozopactus Simon, 1889
Pamphobeteus Pocock, 1901
Paraphysa Simon, 1892
Phormictopus Pocock, 1901
Plesiopelma
Pocock, 1901
- Plesiopelma aspidosperma Ferretti & Barneche, 2013
- Plesiopelma gertschi (Caporiacco, 1955)
- Plesiopelma imperatrix Piza, 1976
- Plesiopelma insulare (Mello-Leitão, 1923)
- Plesiopelma longisternale (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942)^[3]
- Plesiopelma minense (Mello-Leitão, 1943)
- Plesiopelma myodes Pocock, 1901
- Plesiopelma paganoi Ferretti & Barneche, 2013
- Plesiopelma physopus (Mello-Leitão, 1926)
- Plesiopelma rectimanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923)
- Plesiopelma semiaurantiacum (Simon, 1897)
Pseudhapalopus Strand, 1907
Reversopelma Schmidt, 2001
Schismatothele Karsch, 1879
Schizopelma F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1897
Sericopelma Ausserer, 1875
Sphaerobothria Karsch, 1879
Stenotarsus Tesmoingt & Schmidt, 2002
Stichoplastoris Rudloff, 1997
捕鳥蛛屬 Theraphosa Thorell, 1870
Thrixopelma Schmidt, 1994
Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892
Vitalius Lucas, Silva & Bertani, 1993
Xenesthis Simon, 1891

（印度 Selenogyrinae）

Haploclastus Simon, 1892
Thrigmopoeus Pocock, 1899

其他

Neischnocolus
Petrunkevitch, 1925
- Neischnocolus amazonica (Jimenez & Bertani, 2008)
- Neischnocolus armihuariensis (Kaderka, 2014)
- Neischnocolus caxiuana (Pérez-Miles, Miglio & Bonaldo, 2008)
- Neischnocolus cisnerosi ^[4]
- Neischnocolus iquitos Kaderka, 2020
- Neischnocolus mecana Echeverri, Gómez Torres, Pinel & Perafán, 2023
- Neischnocolus obscurus (Ausserer, 1875)
- Neischnocolus panamanus Petrunkevitch, 1925
- Neischnocolus pijaos (Jimenez & Bertani, 2008)
- Neischnocolus tsere ^[4]
- Neischnocolus valentinae (Almeida, Salvatierra & de Morais, 2019)
- Neischnocolus weinmanni (Pérez-Miles, 2008)
- Neischnocolus yupanquii (Pérez-Miles, Gabriel & Gallon, 2008)
Neoheterophrictus
Siliwal & Raven, 2012
- Neoheterophrictus amboli Mirza & Sanap, 2014
- Neoheterophrictus bhori (Gravely, 1915)
- Neoheterophrictus chimminiensis Sunil Jose, 2020
- Neoheterophrictus crurofulvus Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012^[5]
- Neoheterophrictus madraspatanus (Gravely, 1935)
- Neoheterophrictus sahyadri Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012^[5]
- Neoheterophrictus smithi Mirza, Bhosale & Sanap, 2014
- Neoheterophrictus uttarakannada Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012^[5]
Pterinopelma
Pocock, 1901
- Pterinopelma felipeleitei Bertani & Leal, 2016
- Pterinopelma longisternale (Bertani, 2001)
- Pterinopelma sazimai Bertani, Nagahama & Fukushima, 2011^[6]
- Pterinopelma vitiosum (Keyserling, 1891)^[6]

[1]
Bertani R, Fukushima CS. 2009. Description of two new species of Avicularia Lamarck 1818 and redescription of Avicularia diversipes (C.L. Koch 1842) (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) – three possibly threatened Brazilian species. Zootaxa. 2223: 25–47.
[2]
Pedro Peñaherrera-R. and Roberto J. León-E. 2023. On Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) Species and Tarantula Conservation in Ecuador. ZooKeys. 1186: 185-205. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1186.108991
[3]
Ferretti Nelson, Nicoletta Micaela, Soresi Daniela, An integrative taxonomy approach evaluates the limits of the widespread tarantula Plesiopelma longisternale (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) and reveals a new species from Argentina, Zoologischer Anzeiger, Volume 308, 2024, Pages 131-143, ISSN 0044-5231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2023.12.003.
[4]
Pedro Peñaherrera-R., Ariel Guerrero-Campoverde, Roberto J. León-E., Andrés Pinos-Sánchez, José M. Falcón-Reibán. 2023. Two New Species of Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Eastern and Western Ecuador. Zootaxa. 5351(4); 483-493. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.4.6
[5]
Siliwal, M., N. Gupta and R. Raven. 2012. A New Genus of the Family Theraphosidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) with description of three new species from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 4(14): 3233–3254
[6]
Bertani, R., Nagahama, R.H. and Fukushima, C.S. 2011. Revalidation of Pterinopelma Pocock 1901 with description of a new species and the female of Pterinopelma vitiosum (Keyserling 1891) (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Zootaxa. 2814: 1–18.

[Fukushima-1] [1]
Bertani R, Fukushima CS. 2009. Description of two new species of Avicularia Lamarck 1818 and redescription of Avicularia diversipes (C.L. Koch 1842) (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) – three possibly threatened Brazilian species. Zootaxa. 2223: 25–47.

[Peñaherrera-2] [2]
Pedro Peñaherrera-R. and Roberto J. León-E. 2023. On Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) Species and Tarantula Conservation in Ecuador. ZooKeys. 1186: 185-205. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1186.108991

[3] [3]
Ferretti Nelson, Nicoletta Micaela, Soresi Daniela, An integrative taxonomy approach evaluates the limits of the widespread tarantula Plesiopelma longisternale (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) and reveals a new species from Argentina, Zoologischer Anzeiger, Volume 308, 2024, Pages 131-143, ISSN 0044-5231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2023.12.003.

[Pedro-4] [4]
Pedro Peñaherrera-R., Ariel Guerrero-Campoverde, Roberto J. León-E., Andrés Pinos-Sánchez, José M. Falcón-Reibán. 2023. Two New Species of Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Eastern and Western Ecuador. Zootaxa. 5351(4); 483-493. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.4.6

[Siliwal-5] [5]
Siliwal, M., N. Gupta and R. Raven. 2012. A New Genus of the Family Theraphosidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) with description of three new species from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 4(14): 3233–3254

[Bertani-6] [6]
Bertani, R., Nagahama, R.H. and Fukushima, C.S. 2011. Revalidation of Pterinopelma Pocock 1901 with description of a new species and the female of Pterinopelma vitiosum (Keyserling 1891) (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Zootaxa. 2814: 1–18.

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