國技

國技（National sport, national pastime, national game），又稱國民運動，或國球，是指一個國家特有或具有代表性的競技運動。然而國技的定義並不嚴密，既有公認概念上的國技（如美國的棒球），也有通過法律具體規定的（如加拿大就法定袋棍球和冰球為國技），也因此使得國技並不一定是該國最具人氣或強項的運動。除了加拿大之外，世界上通過法律確定國技的還有巴哈馬的帆船、孟加拉的卡巴迪、巴西的卡波耶拉、斯里蘭卡的排球等。

定義

國技的定義並不十分嚴格，有在法律上具體規定的競技運動，享有官方認可的地位；^{[註 1]} 也有在國家文化中有特殊意義，深受國民愛戴的競技運動。^{[註 2]} 由國家文化發展而成的競技運動是成為國技的其中一項條件，但並不全然如此，某些源自外國的競技運動也有可能因為深受國民的愛戴，或者具有特殊的意義，成為公認的國技。一般只要符合以下兩項要點，都會被認定為是國技：

國家法令指定的競技運動，給予特殊的地位和待遇^{[註 1]}

例如：加拿大的長曲棍球（夏季）和冰上曲棍球（冬季）

國家或民族文化中特有的競技運動，或者是有某種特殊意義的競技運動^{[註 2]}

例如：日本的相撲、韓國的跆拳道、西班牙的鬥牛

除了上述兩項，某些廣泛普及的競技運動，雖然不是公認的國技，但已經深植入於國家的體育文化當中，成為深受全民歡迎的休閒活動，所以經常是被極力推廣的國家體育項目，例如：世界各地的足球、大英國協國家的板球、美國的籃球和橄欖球、日本的棒球、馬來西亞和印尼的羽毛球等。

國技列表

法定的國技

國家	體育運動	始於
阿根廷	帕托（英語：Pato）	1953年[1]
巴哈馬	史路普帆船	1993年[2]
孟加拉	卡巴迪	1972年[3]
巴西	卡波耶拉	1972年[4]
加拿大	長曲棍球（夏季運動）、冰上曲棍球（冬季運動）	1994年[5]
智利	智利牛仔騎術（英語：Chilean rodeo）	1962年[6]
哥倫比亞	特茹（英語：Tejo (sport)）	2000年[7]
伊朗	伊朗傳統摔角	1976年[8]
南韓	跆拳道	2018年[9]
墨西哥	墨西哥牛仔競技（英語：Charrería）	1933年[10]
菲律賓	卡里艾斯奎瑪武術（英語：Eskrima）	2009年[11]
波多黎各	巴蘇馬術（英語：Paso Fino）	1966年[12]
斯里蘭卡	排球	1991年[13]
烏拉圭	高喬傳統競技	2006年[14]

公認的國技

國家	體育運動
阿富汗	布玆卡茲[15]
安圭拉	競速帆艇（英語：Yacht racing）[16]
安地卡及巴布達	板球[17]
巴貝多	板球[18]
百慕達	板球[19]
不丹	不丹傳統箭術（英語：Archery in Bhutan）[20]
中華人民共和國	桌球
古巴	棒球[21][22][23]
多明尼加	棒球[24]
英格蘭	足球/板球[25][26]
芬蘭	芬蘭棒球[27]
格瑞那達	板球[28]
蓋亞那	板球[29]
印度	曲棍球[30][31][32]
以色列	足球[33]
愛爾蘭	蓋爾式足球[34][35][36]
牙買加	板球[37]
日本	相撲/棒球[38]
拉脫維亞	籃球（夏季運動）、冰上曲棍球（冬季運動）[39]
立陶宛	籃球[40][41]
馬達加斯加	橄欖球[42][43]
紐西蘭	橄欖球[44]
挪威	越野滑雪[45][46]
巴基斯坦	曲棍球[47]
巴布亞紐幾內亞	聯盟式橄欖球[48][49]
秘魯	Paleta Frontón[50]
羅馬尼亞	Oină[51]
俄羅斯	班迪球[52]
蘇格蘭	高爾夫球[53]
斯洛維尼亞	高山滑雪[54][54]
中華民國	棒球[55]
土耳其	摔角[56] & Cirit[57]
特克斯與凱科斯群島	板球[58]
美國	美式足球/棒球[59][60]
威爾斯	橄欖球[61]

另見

• 國術
• 武術 § 各國武術

註解

1. 參見「法定的國技」。
2. 參見「公認的國技」。

參考文獻

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