全國勞資關係法

1935年全國勞資關係法（National Labor Relations Act of 1935，又稱瓦格納法，Wagner Act；國家勞工關係法）是美國製定的一部有關勞動關係的法規，它保障私營部門的雇員組織工會、與公司進行集體協商和採取罷工等集體行動的權利^[1]。該法案由參議員羅伯特·F·瓦格納（英語：Robert F. Wagner）草擬，由第74屆美國國會（英語：74th United States Congress）通過，並由美國總統富蘭克林·德拉諾·羅斯福簽署成為法律。

全國勞資關係法旨在通過促進工會和雇主之間的集體協商，改善雇主和雇員之間談判不平等的狀況。全國勞資關係委員會（英語：National Labor Relations Board）就是依據該法成立，全國勞動關係委員會專門負責起訴違反勞動法的主體。它還制定了有關集體協商的各種規則，並界定哪些行為屬於不當勞動行為，包括雇主幹涉工會的成立和運作。該法不適用於某些行業的職工，例如主管、農業雇員、家政工人、政府雇員和獨立承包商。

全國勞資關係法遭到保守派和共和黨的強烈反對，不過在國家勞資關係委員會訴瓊斯和勞克林鋼鐵公司（英語：NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.）一案中，美國最高法院選擇支持全國勞資關係法。1947年通過的塔夫特-哈特萊法案（英語：Taft–Hartley Act）對全國勞資關係法有所更正。

註釋

1. Nelson, Joyce. The Colonized Eye: Rethinking the Grierson Legend. Toronto: Between the Lines. 1988: 25, 88.

參考文獻

書籍

• Atleson, James B. Values and Assumptions in American Labor Law Pbk. Amherst, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press. 1983. ISBN 978-0-585-25833-1.
• Cortner, Richard C. The Wagner Act Cases. Knoxville: Univ. of Tenn. Press. 1964. LCCN 64016880.
• Dannin, Ellen. Taking Back the Workers' Law: How to Fight the Assault on Labor Rights. Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR Press/Cornell University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8014-4438-8.
• Gregory, Charles O. Labor and the Law 2d rev. ed., with 1961 Supplement. New York: Norton. 1961. LCCN 61007636.
• Kennedy, David M. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945. Oxford University Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0195038347.
• Morris, Charles J. The Blue Eagle at Work: Reclaiming Democratic Rights in the American Workplace. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-8014-4317-6.
• Schlesinger, Arthur M. The Coming of the New Deal: 1933–1935 1. Mariner books. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. c. 2003. ISBN 978-0-618-34086-6.

文章

• F. L. B., Jr. Reinstatement with Back Pay under the Wagner Act. U. Pa. L. Rev. & Amer. L. Reg. Mar 1941, 89 (5): 648–60. JSTOR 3309199. doi:10.2307/3309199.
• Keyserling, Leon H. The Wagner Act: Its Origin and Current Significance. Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1960–1961, 29: 199.
• Klare, Karl E. Judicial Deradicalization of the Wagner Act and the Origins of Modern Legal Consciousness, 1937–1941. Minn. L. Rev. 1977–1978, 62: 265.
• Lynd, Staughton. Communal Rights. Tex. L. Rev. 1984, 62 (1417): 1430–35.
• Mikva, A. J. The Changing Role of the Wagner Act in the American Labor Movement. Stan. L. Rev. 1986, 38 (4): 1123–40. JSTOR 1228578. doi:10.2307/1228578.
• Nathanson, N.L.; Lyons, E. Judicial Review of the National Labor Board. Ill. L. Rev. 1938–1939, 33: 749.
• Effect on the A. F. of L. -C. I. O. Controversy of the Determination of Appropriate Bargaining Units under the National Labor Relations Act. Yale L.J. 1935–1958, 47 (1): 122–124. JSTOR 791821. doi:10.2307/791821.
• The Proposed Amendments to the Wagner Act. Harv. L. Rev. 1938–1939, 52 (6): 970–983. JSTOR 1334189. doi:10.2307/1334189.
• Pope, J. G. How American Workers Lost the Right to Strike, and Other Tales. Mich. L. Rev. 2004, 103 (3): 518–53 [2021-01-16]. JSTOR 4141930. doi:10.2307/4141930. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-21）.
• Pope, Jim. Worker Lawmaking, Sit-Down Strikes, and the Shaping of American Industrial Relations, 1935–1958. Law & Hist. Rev. 2006, 24 (1): 45–113. JSTOR 27641352. doi:10.1017/S0738248000002273.
• Scheunemann, Edward. The National Labor Relations Act Versus the Courts, 11 Rocky Mountain L. Rev. 135 (1939)
• Warm, J. Louis. A Study of the Judicial Attitude Toward Trade Unions and Labor Legislation. Minn. L. Rev. 1938–1939, 23: 256.
• Woods, Warren; Wheatley, Altha C. The Wagner Act Decision – A Charter of Liberty for Labor?. Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1936–1937, 5: 846.

參見

• 布雷迪訴馬里蘭案（英語：Brady v. Maryland）
• 詹克斯訴美國案（英語：Jencks v. United States）
• 吉廖訴美國案（英語：Giglio v. United States）
• 康尼克訴湯普森訴案（英語：Connick v. Thompson）
• 布雷迪證據開示（英語：Brady disclosure）

外部連結

• USC §§151-169, Labor-Management Relations （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） at the Legal Information Institute
• National Labor Relations Act
• National Labor Relations Board