克拉麗斯·貝克特

Clarice Beckett
Clarice Beckett
出生	Clarice Marjoribanks Beckett; 1887年3月21日; 澳大利亞卡斯特頓
逝世	1935年7月7日（48歲）; 澳大利亞墨爾本
教育程度	National Gallery School
知名於	繪畫
運動	澳大利亞調性運動

克拉麗斯·馬喬里班克斯·貝克特（Clarice Marjoribanks Beckett ，1887年3月21日—1935年7月7日）是一名澳大利亞藝術家，也是澳大利亞調性運動的重要成員。

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早年

貝克特出生於維多利亞州的卡斯特頓，是銀行經理約瑟夫·克利夫登·貝克特（Joseph Clifden Beckett；c.1852-1936 ^[1]）和他的妻子伊莉莎白·凱特（Elizabeth Kate, née Brown；c.1855-1934）的女兒。她的祖父是蘇格蘭建築師約翰·布朗。^[2]

她在卡斯特頓讀過小學，後在巴拉瑞特的中學女王學院寄宿。在巴拉瑞特，她表現出很強的繪畫天賦，在巴拉瑞特上過私人素描課，還曾寫過一部戲劇，由同學表演^[3]。她的家人搬遷到南亞拉肯辛頓路22號後^[4]，她轉入墨爾本英格蘭教會女子文法學校（Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School）完成了最後一年的學業。1914年，她就讀於墨爾本的國家美術館學校，師從弗雷德里克·麥卡賓、馬克思·梅爾德倫，後者頗具爭議的理論對她影響很大^[5]。

1919年，她的父母從本迪戈搬到當時未開發的墨爾本海濱郊區博馬里斯，由於他們的健康狀況不佳，貝克特擔起家庭的重擔，這極大地限制了她在藝術上的追求^[6]。貝克特只能在黎明和黃昏出去畫畫，因為她一天中的大部分時間都在照顧家人，並在這樣的情況下度過了餘生^[2]^[7]。

1935年，貝克特因在博馬里斯附近發生風暴的海域作畫而患上了肺炎，四天後在桑德靈厄姆的一家醫院去世^[8]。她被安葬在切爾滕納姆紀念公園（Cheltenham Memorial Park）^[7]。

作品

貝克特是澳大利亞最重要的現代主義藝術家之一，儘管有些人說她是「莫奈的女兒」^[9]。她在肖像畫和靜物畫上頗具天賦，這也是她的老師梅爾德倫偏愛的主題，但其實貝克特更喜歡繪畫戶外風景^[7]。

她繪製了博馬里斯大量清晨和傍晚的海、海灘以及郊外景色。坎迪斯·布魯斯（Candice Bruce）說她的作品有「一種永恆的憂鬱感：一種混合著平靜的脆弱感，即使一個人完全不知道藝術家生活的細節，仍然會感覺到這一點」^[10]。

三十多歲時，貝克特在1924年第六屆「墨爾本二十位畫家」（Twenty Melbourne Painters）年展的手冊中闡明了她的藝術目標：

真誠而真實地表現自然之美的一部分，展現明與暗的魅力，我努力以正確的色調來表達它們，從而儘可能地展現出一種真實的幻覺。^[11]

1936年，貝克特的姐姐和父親在墨爾本雅典娜神廟舉辦了一場大型紀念展覽。1971年，貝克特的姐姐表示^[12]她的2,000多件作品已被被遺棄在貝納拉附近的一個露天乾草棚中^[13]，大多數的狀態已經無法挽救，但她在蒙薩爾瓦特還有30幅保存完好的作品。這些作品是在她博馬里斯的家被清空後搬到那裡的^[14]^[15]。

1971年開始，她的作品展逐漸增多^[16]^[17]。

她在世時，沒有任何公共機構收藏她的作品，但現在幾乎見於大多數澳大利亞主要畫廊。2001年，她的畫作在拍賣會上的價格已經達到六位數^[18]。她的《冬日日落》（Winter Sunset）於2021年10月以156,250澳元的價格售出^[19]。

參考文獻

[1]
"Joseph Clifden BECKETT was the manager of the Colonial Bank at Casterton 1875-1903". Casterton Historical Society http://www.swvic.org/casterton/beckett_joseph.htm （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） accessed 5 Nov 2014
[2]
Rosalind Hollinrake, 'Beckett, Clarice Marjoribanks (1887–1935)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/beckett-clarice-marjoribanks-5178/text8701 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, published in hardcopy 1979, accessed online 5 November 2014.
[3]
Clarice Marjoribanks Beckett. Ballarat Grammar. 2015-06-17 [2020-10-10]. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-11）（澳大利亞英語）.
[4]
The Age Saturday 08 Apr 1905, p.16
[5]
AUSTRALIAN ARTISTS OF TO-DAY.. The Age (23,797) (Victoria, Australia). 18 July 1931: 7 [27 July 2019] –透過National Library of Australia.
[6]
Doubletime, women in Victoria, 150 years. Lake, Marilyn., Kelly, Farley. Ringwood, Vic.: Penguin Books. 1985. ISBN 0-14-006002-2. OCLC 29002268.
[7]
THE LATE CLARICE BECKETT.. The Age (25,033) (Victoria, Australia). 9 July 1935: 7 [27 July 2019] –透過National Library of Australia.
[8]
"Beckett art joins Misty Moderns in Langwarrin" by Teresa Murphy, Hastings Leader, 12 November 2009
[9]
Kinnane, Garry, Colin Colahan : a portrait, Melbourne University Press: 3, 12 March 2014 (1996), ISBN 978-0-522-86678-0
[10]
Candice Bruce, 'Clarice Beckett', in Dictionary of women artists. Gaze, Delia. London. : 232–4. ISBN 1-884964-21-4. OCLC 37693713.
[11]
Beckett, C., Twenty Melbourne Painters 6th Annual Exhibition Catalogue, 1924, quoted in Lindsay, F., 『Foreword』 in Hollinrake, R., Clarice Beckett: Politically Incorrect, exhibition catalogue, The Ian Potter Museum of Art, Melbourne, 1999, p. 19
[12]
Summers, Anne, The lost mother : a story of art and love, Melbourne University Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-0-522-85635-4
[13]
Beckett, Clarice. Silent approach. Item held by National Gallery of Australia. [2019-07-28]. （原始內容存檔於2016-08-17）.
[14]
Jorgensen, Sigmund; Cross, Malcolm, (artist.), Montsalvat : the intimate story of Australia's most exciting artists' colony, Allen & Unwin, 2014, ISBN 978-1-74331-272-8
[15]
Strickland, Katrina, Affairs of the art : love, loss and power in the art world, Melbourne University Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-0-522-85862-4
[16]
Clarice Beckett; Rosalind Hollinrake; Ian Potter Museum of Art. Clarice Beckett: politically incorrect. Ian Potter Museum of Art, University of Melbourne. 1999 [2022-06-15]. ISBN 9780734015938. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-16）.
[17]
Ewington, Julie. Clarice Beckett: The Present Moment | Art Gallery of South Australia. Australian Book Review. 2021-04-13 [2021-10-21]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-16）（英國英語）.
[18]
Sun rises again for a misty modern. www.aasd.com.au. [2019-07-28]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-16）.
[19]
Coslovich, Gabriella. Women take top billing but men still dominate art prices. Australian Financial Review. 21 October 2021.

擴展閱讀

Burn, Ian, National life & landscapes : Australian painting 1900-1940, Bay Books, 1990 [23 March 2021], （原始內容存檔於2022-06-19）
Davis, Joseph (2021): THE LOST WORKS OF CLARICE BECKETT （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Eagle, Mary; Jones, John (John James); ICI Australia, A story of Australian painting, Macmillan Australia, 1994, ISBN 978-0-7329-0778-5
Fenner, Felicity; Bell, Jenny, In a Certain Light: Clarice Beckett & Olive Cotton, UNSW Sydney, 1995, ISBN 0733410014
Hollinrake, Rosalind; Beckett, Clarice, 1887-1935, Clarice Beckett, the artist and her circle, Macmillan Company of Australia, 1979, ISBN 978-0-333-25243-7
Holt, Stephanie, Woman about town: urban images of the 1920s and 1930s, Art and Australia, 1995, 33 (2): 232–243, ISSN 0004-301X
Garry Kinnane (1996) Colin Calahan: a portrait, Melbourne University Press
Locke, Tracey. The present moment: The art of Clarice Beckett. Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia. 2021. ISBN 9781921668463.
McAuliffe, Chris, Art and suburbia : a world art book, Craftsman House, 1996, ISBN 978-976-641-029-2
McGuire, M. A, 'Life and your imagining': the art of Clarice Beckett, Australian Journal of Art, 1986, 5 (1986): 90–103, ISSN 0314-6464, doi:10.1080/03146464.1986.11432882
McGuire, Margaret E, The singular career of Clarice Beckett: painting and society in Melbourne, 1916-1936, 1984 [23 March 2021], （原始內容存檔於2022-06-16）
Perry, Peter W; Meldrum, Max, 1875-1955; Perry, John R., 1952-, Max Meldrum and associates : their art, lives and influences, Castlemaine Art Gallery and Historical Museum, 1996, ISBN 978-0-9598066-7-0
Terry Smith (1997) "Pictures of, painting as" in Levitus, Geoff; Levitus, Geoff, 1951-, Lying about the landscape, Craftsman House, 1997, ISBN 978-90-5704-031-3
Robin Wallace-Crabbe (1997) "Artist's choice:- Eloquent silence", Art and Australia 1997 vol.35 no.2
Drusilla Modejesa (2014) Clarice Beckett at the Edge: Clarice Beckett 29 April- 24 May 2014, Niagara Galleries (Catalogue of exhibition held at Niagara Galleries).
Hollinrake, Rosalind, Politically Incorrect, Ian Potter Museum of Art, Melbourne, 1999, ISBN 0-7340-1593-3
Modjeska, Drusilla, 'Framing Clarice Beckett' in Timepieces, Picador, 2002, ISBN 978-0-330-36372-3
Thornell, Kristel, Night Street 1st, Allen & Unwin, 2010, ISBN 978-1-74269-123-7
THE LOST WORKS OF CLARICE BECKETT （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

外部連結

Beaumaris seascape (c. 1925), with commentary 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期29 November 2014.
THE LOST WORKS OF CLARICE BECKETT （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[1] [1]
"Joseph Clifden BECKETT was the manager of the Colonial Bank at Casterton 1875-1903". Casterton Historical Society http://www.swvic.org/casterton/beckett_joseph.htm （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） accessed 5 Nov 2014

[:7-2] [2]
Rosalind Hollinrake, 'Beckett, Clarice Marjoribanks (1887–1935)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/beckett-clarice-marjoribanks-5178/text8701 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, published in hardcopy 1979, accessed online 5 November 2014.

[:9-3] [3]
Clarice Marjoribanks Beckett. Ballarat Grammar. 2015-06-17 [2020-10-10]. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-11）（澳大利亞英語）.

[4] [4]
The Age Saturday 08 Apr 1905, p.16

[5] [5]
AUSTRALIAN ARTISTS OF TO-DAY.. The Age (23,797) (Victoria, Australia). 18 July 1931: 7 [27 July 2019] –透過National Library of Australia.

[6] [6]
Doubletime, women in Victoria, 150 years. Lake, Marilyn., Kelly, Farley. Ringwood, Vic.: Penguin Books. 1985. ISBN 0-14-006002-2. OCLC 29002268.

[:0-7] [7]
THE LATE CLARICE BECKETT.. The Age (25,033) (Victoria, Australia). 9 July 1935: 7 [27 July 2019] –透過National Library of Australia.

[8] [8]
"Beckett art joins Misty Moderns in Langwarrin" by Teresa Murphy, Hastings Leader, 12 November 2009

[9] [9]
Kinnane, Garry, Colin Colahan : a portrait, Melbourne University Press: 3, 12 March 2014 (1996), ISBN 978-0-522-86678-0

[:8-10] [10]
Candice Bruce, 'Clarice Beckett', in Dictionary of women artists. Gaze, Delia. London. : 232–4. ISBN 1-884964-21-4. OCLC 37693713.

[11] [11]
Beckett, C., Twenty Melbourne Painters 6th Annual Exhibition Catalogue, 1924, quoted in Lindsay, F., 『Foreword』 in Hollinrake, R., Clarice Beckett: Politically Incorrect, exhibition catalogue, The Ian Potter Museum of Art, Melbourne, 1999, p. 19

[12] [12]
Summers, Anne, The lost mother : a story of art and love, Melbourne University Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-0-522-85635-4

[13] [13]
Beckett, Clarice. Silent approach. Item held by National Gallery of Australia. [2019-07-28]. （原始內容存檔於2016-08-17）.

[14] [14]
Jorgensen, Sigmund; Cross, Malcolm, (artist.), Montsalvat : the intimate story of Australia's most exciting artists' colony, Allen & Unwin, 2014, ISBN 978-1-74331-272-8

[15] [15]
Strickland, Katrina, Affairs of the art : love, loss and power in the art world, Melbourne University Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-0-522-85862-4

[BeckettHollinrake1999-16] [16]
Clarice Beckett; Rosalind Hollinrake; Ian Potter Museum of Art. Clarice Beckett: politically incorrect. Ian Potter Museum of Art, University of Melbourne. 1999 [2022-06-15]. ISBN 9780734015938. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-16）.

[17] [17]
Ewington, Julie. Clarice Beckett: The Present Moment | Art Gallery of South Australia. Australian Book Review. 2021-04-13 [2021-10-21]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-16）（英國英語）.

[:5-18] [18]
Sun rises again for a misty modern. www.aasd.com.au. [2019-07-28]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-16）.

[19] [19]
Coslovich, Gabriella. Women take top billing but men still dominate art prices. Australian Financial Review. 21 October 2021.

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