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元認識論元哲學的主題和認識論的研究方法。它的目的為構建我們知識的知識以及了解本身的知識。

元認識論中,有兩種基本研究元認識論的方法:傳統的規範認識論和自然認識論。

傳統的認識論一直關注正當性。根據傳統的知識模型,命題p是若且唯若

  1. X相信p,
  2. p是真的,
  3. X有理由相信p

笛卡爾時代以來,笛卡爾一直試圖建立獲取真實信念的標準,並確定我們有理由相信的信念。因此,認識論的主要項目就是闡明這種知識概念中的辯證條件,以形成合理的真實信念

自然認識論始於20世紀的威拉德·范奧曼·蒯因。他的主張被稱為「替代自然主義」。這套理論是要從認識論中刪除一切規範性描述。他希望把認識論與經驗心理學的理論結合,以使每一個認識論的陳述都被經驗心理陳述所取代。

定義

認識論是知識的研究理論,它包括以下問題:什麼是知識?如何獲取、測試、存儲、修訂、更新和檢索知識?

元認識論的目標是確定不正確的傳統假設,或者是迄今為止被忽略的概括範圍。然而,儘管認識論通常被視為哲學的一個分支,但它也會以生物學中的例子為例,它們在研究方式上似乎是相關的。

參見

參考文獻

  • Ashby, William Ross. Design for a Brain reprint. BiblioBazaar. 2011. ISBN 978-1-175-96872-2.
  • Anthony_Stafford_Beer|Beer, Anthony Stafford (1972/1981) Brain of the Firm. Wiley: NY & London.
  • E.W._Beth|Beth, E.W. and Jean_Piaget|Piaget, Jean (1966) Mathematical Epistemology and Psychology. D.Reidel: Dordrecht.
  • Furth, H.J. (1969) Piaget and knowledge. Prentice-Hall: NJ.
  • Gruber, H.E. and J.J.Vonèche (eds) (1977) The Essential Piaget. Routledge & Kegan Paul: London.
  • Donald_Olding_Hebb|Hebb, Donald Olding (1949/1964) The organization of behaviour. Wiley: NY & London.
  • Immanuel_Kant|Kant, Immanue (1781 "A" / 1787 "B" / 1993 / 2007) Critique of pure reason. Palgrave Macmillan: Boston; [N. Kemp Smith translation, ISBN 978-0-230-01338-4].
  • Nitsch, F.A. (1796/1977) A View of Professor Kant's Principles of Man, World and the Deity. Yale University facsimile.
  • Jean_Piaget|Piaget, Jean (1923/1926) Language and Thought of the Child. Routledge & Kegan Paul: London.
  • Piaget, Jean (1949/1950) Traité de logique, Armand Collin: Paris. — Republished (1972) as Essai de Logique Operatoire, Dunod.
  • Piaget, Jean (1952) "La logistique axiomatique ou 'pure', la logistique operatoire ou psychologique, et les réalités auxelles elles correspondent". Methodos, 4(13), 72–85.
  • Piaget, Jean (1967/1971) Biology and Knowledge. Chicago University Press.
  • Karl_Popper|Popper, Karl (1934/1959/1972) Logik der Forschung / The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Hutchinson: London.
  • Popper, Karl (1975/1994) "The rationality of scientific revolutions"; (i) in Rom Harré (ed.) (1975) Problems of Scientific Revolution. Scientific Progress and Obstacles to Progress in the Sciences, The Herbert Spencer Lectures 1973, Clarendon Press, Oxford. — Also in (ii) M.A.Notturno (ed.)(1994) The Myth of the Framework: In defence of science and rationality; Routledge, London; ISBN 0-415-11320-2; pp. 1–32.
  • Thagard, Paul (1992) Conceptual Revolutions. Princeton University Press ISBN 0-691-02490-1 — Or try his actual "ECHO" software, now accessible online: [1]頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館
  • Traill, R.R. (1978) Thesis [on Piaget and Ashby etc.]. Cybernetics|Cybernetics]] Department, Brunel_University|Brunel University. [2] — plus collection of related papers (1976/2007) [3]頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館
  • Traill, R.R. (1999) "Four Learning-system Types (Epistemologies): with a Common Basic Strategy" — Chapter 4, within Mind and Micromechanism. Ondwelle, Melbourne. [4]頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) — ISBN 0-9577737-0-6
  • Traill, R.R. (2006 / 2008) Thinking by molecule, synapse, or both? — From Piaget's schema, to the selecting/editing of ncRNA Ondwelle, Melbourne. [5]頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) — ["Table S" is in the 2008 Supplement, p. 31.] — also available in French / aussi en français: [6]頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館
  • Whitehead, A.N. and B.Russell (1910–1913) Principia Mathematica. Cambridge University Press.
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