喬治·華盛頓共濟會國家紀念堂

喬治·華盛頓共濟會國家紀念堂（英語：George Washington Masonic National Memorial）簡稱華盛頓紀念堂，是一座共濟會建築，位於華盛頓哥倫比亞特區郊區，維吉尼亞州的亞歷山德里亞 (維吉尼亞州)。紀念第一任美國總統、共濟會會員喬治·華盛頓。塔樓模仿古代埃及的亞歷山大燈塔^[3][4][5]。紀念堂高333-英尺（101-公尺）^[5][6][7]，座落在射手山山頂^[8][9]， Callahan Drive 101號.^[3] 始建於1922年，^[1] 1932年開幕^[2]，內部在1970年最終完成^[10]。

喬治·華盛頓共濟會國家紀念堂
George Washington Masonic National Memorial
概要
類型	共濟會神殿[*]、美國國家紀念碑[*]
建築風格	新古典主義建築、羅曼復興式建築、哥德復興式建築、新文藝復興建築
用途	紀念建築、神廟、博物館
地點	維吉尼亞州亞歷山德里亞 Callahan Drive101號
地址	101 Callahan Dr, Alexandria, VA 22301
座標	38°48′27″N 77°03′58″W
起造	1922年6月5日[1]
竣工日	1932
開放	1932年5月12日[2]
造價	$600萬美元
擁有者	喬治華盛頓國家紀念碑協會[*]
高度
高度	101 米
屋頂	333英尺（101米）
技術細節
層數	9
電梯數	2
設計與建造
建築師	Harvey Wiley Corbett of Helmle & Corbett
保護情況	美國國家歷史名勝、國家歷史遺蹟登記地點[*]
網站
https://gwmemorial.org/
地圖

華盛頓地鐵藍線和黃線的國王街站^[8]距離此紀念堂四個街塊。

參考文獻

引用

1. "Start Alexandria Memorial Temple." Washington Post. June 6, 1922.
2. Shepperson, Charles M. "Masonic Fete Draws 150,000 to Alexandria." Washington Post. May 12, 1932.
3. Ferris, p. 21.
4. Kruh and Kruh, p. 41.
5. Morris, p. 18.
6. Hutton, Margaret. "George Washington Masonic National Memorial." Washington Post. No date. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Accessed 2011-03-21.
7. Conroy, Sarah Booth. "Those Revolutionary Masons." Washington Post. February 16, 1992.
8. Colbert, p. 14.
9. Smith, p. 79.
10. Seghers, George D. "The George Washington Masonic Memorial Centennial Celebration." Scottish Rite Journal. January-February, 2001.. [2011-09-08]. （原始內容存檔於2013-01-13）.

書籍

• American Art Annual. New York: MacMillan Co., 1933.
• Bahr, Jeff; Taylor, Troy; Coleman, Loren; Scheurman, Mark; and Moran, Mark. Weird Virginia. New York: Sterling Publishing, 2007.
• Boudreau, Allan; Bleimann, Alexander; and Deutsch, David. George Washington in New York. New York: American Lodge of Research, 1987.
• Brown, William Mosely. George Washington, Freemason. Richmond, Va.: Garrett & Massie, 1952.
• Burian, A. Ward. George Washington's Legacy of Leadership. New York: Morgan James Pub., 2007.
• Burstein, Daniel and De Keijzer, Arne J. Secrets of 'The Lost Symbol': The Unauthorized Guide to the Mysteries Behind 'The Da Vinci Code' Sequel. New York: Harper, 2010.
• Caemmerer, H. Paul. Washington, the National Capital. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1932.
• "Callahan, Charles H." In Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography. Lyon Gardiner Tyler, ed. New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 1915.
• Clute, Eugene. Drafting Room Practice. New York: The Pencil Points Press, 1928.
• Colbert, Judy. Virginia: Off the Beaten Path. Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot Press, 2009.
• Connelly, Thomas Lawrence. The Marble Man: Robert E. Lee and His Image in American Society. Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, 1981.
• Ferris, Gary W. Presidential Places: A Guide to the Historic Sites of U.S. Presidents. Winston-Salem, N.C.: J.F. Blair, 1999.
• Howlett, D. Roger and Noble, Joseph Veach. The Sculpture of Donald De Lue: Gods, Prophets, and Heroes. Boston, Mass.: D.R. Godine, 1990.
• Kruh, David and Kruh, Louis. Presidential Landmarks. New York, N.Y.: Hippocrene Books, 1992.
• Laughlin, Clara E. So You're Going South! Boston: Little, Brown, 1940.
• Lichtenstein, Gaston. George Washington's Lost Birthday. Richmond, Va.: William Byrd Press, 1924.
• Morris, Shirley. The Pelican Guide to Virginia. Gretna, La.: Pelican Pub. Co., 1990.
• Reynolds, Charles Bingham. The Standard Guide: Washington, A Handbook for Visitors. Washington, D.C.: B.S. Reynolds Co., 1924.
• Rothery, Agnes. New Roads in Old Virginia. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1937.
• Smedes, Susan Dabney. A Southern Planter: Social Life in the Old South. New York: Pott, 1900.
• Smith, James Fairbairn. A Panorama of Masonic History: Sesquicentennial of the Grand Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons of Michigan, 1826-1976. Detroit: Sesquicentennial Commission, Michigan Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, 1976.
• "Smith, William Morgan, M.D." In Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography. Lyon Gardiner Tyler, ed. New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 1915.
• Stevens, William Oliver. Washington, the Cinderella City. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1943.
• Stoller, Paul D. The Architecture of Harvey Wiley Corbett. Madison, Wisc.: University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, 1995.
• Tatsch, J. Hugo. The Facts About George Washington as a Freemason. New York: Macoy Publishing and Masonic Supply Co., 1931.
• Turnbull, Everett R. and Denslow, Ray V. A History of Royal Arch Masonry. Trenton, Mo.: General Grand Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, 1956.
• Voges, Nettie Allen. Old Alexandria: Where America's Past Is Present. McLean, Va.: EPM Publications, 1975.
• Walker, J.T. F.L.M., A History of Fredericksburg Lodge No. 4 A. F. & A. M. Fredericksburg, Va.: Sheridan Books, 2002.
• Wasserman, James. The Secrets of Masonic Washington: A Guidebook to Signs, Symbols, and Ceremonies at the Origin of America's Capital. Rochester, Vt.: Destiny Books, 2008.

外部連結

參見

• 共濟會
• 喬治·華盛頓