薊屬

此條目的主題是植物中的薊花。關於薊的其它含義，請見「薊」。

薊屬（學名：Cirsium），屬於菊科，是多年生植物，至少150種，分布於北溫帶。其中較多見的為大薊，是蘇格蘭國花。學名Cirsium來源於希臘語「kirsos」。

薊屬
翼薊 Cirsium vulgare
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
演化支：	菊類植物 Asterids
目：	菊目 Asterales
科：	菊科 Asteraceae
亞科：	管狀花亞科 Carduoideae
族：	菜薊族 Cynareae
亞族：	飛廉亞族 Carduinae
屬：	薊屬 Cirsium Mill., 1754
種
約200種[1]，參見本文。

薊屬被某些鱗翅目物種的幼蟲用作食用植物-參見以薊屬為食的鱗翅目的列表（英語：List of Lepidoptera that feed on Cirsium）。 種子對美國金翅雀等小雀科很有吸引力。

大多數物種通常根據農業利益被視為雜草。 翼薊（又名歐洲薊）在美國的9個州被列為有害野草^[2] 。 為了美觀和/或支持授粉者（英語：pollinators），例如蝴蝶，特別是在花園和野花種植中種植了某些物種。

醫學用途

• 止血
• 消腫

Cirsium arizonicum

Cirsium canum

薊花上的熊蜂

翼薊 Cirsium vulgare

下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：^[3]

• Cirsium acarna - Soldier Thistle
• Cirsium acaule - Stemless Thistle, Dwarf Thistle
• Cirsium altissimum - Roadside Thistle, Tall Thistle
• Cirsium amblylepis - Mt. Tamalpais Thistle
• Cirsium andersonii - Anderson's Thistle, Rose Thistle
• Cirsium andrewsii - Franciscan Thistle
• Cirsium araneans - Jeweled Thistle
• Cirsium arcuum - Powderpuff Thistle
• Cirsium aridum - Desert Thistle
• Cirsium arizonicum - Arizona Thistle
• Cirsium arvense - Creeping Thistle, Field Thistle, Canada Thistle
  • Cirsium arvense var. argenteum
  • Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium
  • Cirsium arvense var. mite
  • Cirsium arvense var. vestitum
• Cirsium barnebyi - Barneby's Thistle
• Cirsium brachycephalum
• Cirsium brevifolium - Palouse Thistle
• Cirsium brevistylum - Clustered Thistle
• Cirsium calcareum - Cainville Thistle
• Cirsium californicum - California Thistle
• Cirsium callilepis - Fringebract Thistle
• Cirsium campylon - Mount Hamilton Thistle
• Cirsium canescens - Platte Thistle, Prairie Thistle
• Cirsium canovirens - Graygreen Thistle
• Cirsium canum - Queen Anne's Thistle
• Cirsium carolinianum - Carolina Thistle, Soft Thistle
• Cirsium caulescens
• Cirsium centaureae
• Cirsium chellyense - Queen Thistle
• Cirsium chuskaense - Monarch Thistle
• Cirsium ciliolatum - Ashland Thistle
• Cirsium clavatum - Lake Thistle
• Cirsium clokeyi - Charleston Mountain Thistle, Whitespine Thistle
• Cirsium congdonii - Rosette Thistle
• Cirsium costaricense
• Cirsium coulteri - Coulter’s Thistle
• Cirsium crassicaule - Slough Thistle
• Cirsium cymosum - Peregrine Thistle
• Cirsium diacanthum
• Cirsium discolor - Field Thistle, Pasture Thistle
• Cirsium dissectum - Meadow Thistle
• Cirsium douglasii
• Cirsium drummondii - Dwarf Thistle
• Cirsium durangense
• Cirsium eatonii - Eaton's Thistle
• Cirsium edule - Edible Thistle
• Cirsium engelmannii - Engelmann Thistle, Engelmann's Thistle
• Cirsium eriophorum - Woolly Thistle
• Cirsium erisithales - Yellow Melancholy Thistle
• Cirsium esculentum
• Cirsium flodmanii - Flodman Thistle, Flodman's Thistle
• Cirsium foliosum - Drummond's Thistle, Elk Thistle, Leafy Thistle, Meadow Thistle
• Cirsium fontinale - Fountain Thistle
• Cirsium gilense - Gila Thistle
• Cirsium grahamii - Graham's Thistle
• Cirsium griseum - Gray Thistle
• Cirsium hallii - Hall's Thistle
• Cirsium helenioides - Melancholy Thistle, Common Melancholy Thistle
• Cirsium heterophyllum - Melancholy Thistle
• Cirsium hillii - Hill's Thistle
• Cirsium hookerianum - White Thistle
• Cirsium horridulum - Yellow Thistle
• Cirsium humboldtense - Humboldt County Thistle
• Cirsium hydrophilum - Suisun Thistle
• Cirsium hypoleucum
• Cirsium inornatum - Cloudcroft Thistle
• 南國小薊 Cirsium japonicum
• Cirsium kamtschaticum - Kamchatka Thistle
• 玉山薊 Cirsium kawakamii - Yushan Thistle
• Cirsium lanatum - Hairy Thistle
• Cirsium laterifolium - Porcupine Thistle
• Cirsium lecontei - Le Conte's Thistle
• Cirsium leo
• Cirsium libanoticum
• Cirsium loncholepis - LaGraciosa Thistle
• Cirsium longistylum - Longstyle Thistle
• Cirsium maritimum
• Cirsium mendocinum - Mendocino Thistle
• Cirsium mexicanum - Mexican Thistle
• Cirsium modestum - Lacy Thistle
• Cirsium mohavense - Mojave Thistle
• Cirsium murdockii - Murdock's Thistle
• Cirsium muticum - Swamp Thistle
• Cirsium navajoense - Navajo Thistle
• Cirsium neomexicanum - Lavender Thistle, New Mexico Thistle
• Cirsium nipponicum
• Cirsium nuttallii - Nuttall's Thistle
• Cirsium occidentale -Cobweb Thistle
• Cirsium ochrocentrum - Yellowspine Thistle
• Cirsium oleraceum - Cabbage thistle
• Cirsium olivescens - Summer Thistle
• Cirsium oreophilum - Crow Thistle
• Cirsium osterhoutii - Osterhout's Thistle
• Cirsium ownbeyi - Ownbey's Thistle
• Cirsium pallidum - Pale Thistle
• 沼生垂頭薊 Cirsium paludigenum Y. F. Lu, Z. H. Chen et X. F. Jin^[4]
• Cirsium palustre - Marsh thistle, European Swamp Thistle
• Cirsium parryi - Parry's Thistle
• Cirsium pastoris - Snowy Thistle
• Cirsium peckii - Steen Mountain Thistle
• Cirsium pendulum
• Cirsium perplexans - Rocky Mountain Thistle
• Cirsium pitcheri - Pitcher's Thistle, Sand Dune Thistle
• Cirsium praeteriens - Palo Alto Thistle, Lost Thistle
• Cirsium proteanum - Red Thistle
• Cirsium pulcherrimum - Wyoming Thistle
• Cirsium pumilum - Pasture Thistle
• Cirsium pyrenaicum
• Cirsium quercetorum - Alameda County Thistle
• Cirsium remotifolium - Fewleaf Thistle
  • Cirsium remotifolium var. remotifolium - Fewleaf Thistle
• Cirsium repandum - Sandhill Thistle
• Cirsium rhaphilepis
• Cirsium rhothophilum - Surf Thistle
• Cirsium rivulare
• Cirsium rothrockii - Rothrock's Thistle
• Cirsium rusbyi - Rusby's Thistle
• Cirsium rydbergii - Rydberg's Thistle
• Cirsium scabrum - Rough Thistle
• Cirsium scapanolepis - Mountain Slope Thistle
• Cirsium scariosum - Meadow Thistle
• Cirsium scopulorum - Mountain Thistle
• Cirsium segetum
• Cirsium serrulatum
• Cirsium spinosissimum
• Cirsium subniveum - Gray Thistle, Jackson Hole Thistle
• 臺灣薊 Cirsium taiwanense Y.H.Tseng & Chih Y.Chang^[5]
• Cirsium tanakae
• Cirsium tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang ^[6]
• Cirsium texanum Buckley, 1862 - Texas Thistle
• Cirsium tioganum (Congdon) Petr., 1917 - Stemless Thistle
• Cirsium tuberosum (L.) All., 1785 - Tuberous Thistle. 類似於Cirsium dissectum (Meadow Thistle).
• Cirsium tukuhnikivatzicum Ackerf.^[7]
• Cirsium turneri - Cliff Thistle
• Cirsium undulatum - Gray Thistle, Wavy-leaf Thistle, Wavyleaf Thistle
  • Cirsium undulatum var. tracyi - Tracy's Thistle, Wavyleaf Thistle
  • Cirsium undulatum var. undulatum - Wavyleaf Thistle
• Cirsium validus - Graceful Thistle
• Cirsium vernale - Spring Thistle
• Cirsium vinaceum - Sacramento Mountain Thistle, Sacramento Mountains Thistle
• Cirsium virginense - Virgin Thistle
• Cirsium virginianum - Virginia Thistle
• 翼薊 Cirsium vulgare - Bull Thistle, Spear Thistle, Common Thistle, Fuller's Thistle (異名：C. lanceolatum )
• Cirsium wheeleri - Wheeler's Thistle
• Cirsium wrightii - Wright's Thistle
• Cirsium yezoense (Maxim.) Makino
• 浙江垂頭薊 Cirsium zhejiangense Z. H．Chen et X. Jin^[4]

雜交種：

• Cirsium × canalense - Canal Thistle
• Cirsium × crassum - Thistle
• Cirsium × erosum - Glory Thistle
• Cirsium × iowense - Iowa Thistle
• Cirsium × vancouverense - Vancouver Thistle

參考文獻

1. Cirsium. Flora of North America. [2010-01-20]. （原始內容存檔於2017-07-07） （英語）.
2. PLANTS Profile for Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) USDA PLANTS. USDA Plant Database. USDA. [2008-07-15]. （原始內容存檔於2013-07-02）.
3. Cirsium Mill.. GBIF. [2023-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-30）.
4. 浙江蓟属( 菊科)二新种：浙江垂头蓟和沼生垂头蓟. NSII. [2023-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-14）.
5. Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng and Yen-Hsueh Tseng. 2021. Cirsium taiwanense (Compositae, Cirsium sect. Onotrophe, subsect. Australicirsium), A New Species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys. 183: 35-53. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119
6. Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng andYen-Hsueh Tseng. 2019. Cirsium tatakaense (Compositae), A New Species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys. 117: 119-132. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.117.29380
7. Jennifer R. Ackerfield. 2023. Cirsium tukuhnikivatzicum, A New Species of Thistle endemic to the La Sal Mountains of Utah. Systematic Botany. 48(2); 354-362. DOI: 10.1600/036364423X16847773873170

延伸閱讀

[編]

《欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·草木典·薊部》，出自陳夢雷《古今圖書集成》

外部連結

• （簡體中文）中國數字植物標本館中的相關內容：薊屬

• （英文）Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. 2007. ISBN 0-89672-614-2