莫森氏魚屬

莫森氏魚屬; 化石時期：晚侏羅世提通期至晚白堊世森諾曼期，~152–93 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	莫森氏魚未定種的顱骨化石
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	腔棘魚綱 Coelacanthimorpha
目：	腔棘魚目 Coelacanthiformes
科：	†莫森氏魚科 Mawsoniidae
屬：	†莫森氏魚屬 Mawsonia; Woodward, 1907
種
	巴西莫森氏魚 M. brasiliensis Yabumoto, 2002; 巨型莫森氏魚 M. gigas Woodward, 1907 (模式); 拉氏莫森氏魚 M. lavocati Tabaste, 1963; 小莫森氏魚 M. minor Woodward, 1908; 利比斯莫森氏魚 M. libyca Weiler, 1935; M. soba Brito, 2018; M. tegamensis Wenz, 1975; 烏班吉莫森氏魚 M. ubangiensis Casier, 1961;

莫森氏魚屬（學名：Mawsonia）為史前時代腔棘魚中已滅絕的一個屬，為目前已知體型最大的腔棘魚，體長可達5.3公尺（17.4英尺）^[2]。牠們生存於侏羅紀晚期至白堊紀中期（提通期至森諾曼期，約1.52億年至9,600萬年前）的南美洲、北美洲東部及非洲的淡水與半鹹水水域中。本屬是由英國古生物學家亞瑟·史密斯·伍德沃德於1907年進行發表與命名^[3]。

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莫森氏魚的體長可超過3.5米（11英尺），其中最大的樣本估計體長可達5米（16英尺），與同屬於莫森氏魚科的粗首魚屬（英語：Trachymetopon）體型相當^[4]^[5]^[2]。牠們口內無明顯的牙齒，僅具有約1至2 mm（0.039至0.079英寸）長的小齒^[6]。

莫森氏魚最早是由英國古生物學家亞瑟·史密斯·伍德沃德於1907年發表與命名，所依據的是發現於巴西巴伊亞州島嶼組（英語：Ilhas Group）地層年代屬白堊紀早期的一具化石樣本。莫森氏魚的化石發現於南美洲巴西的巴伊亞組（英語：Bahia Group）、羅穆阿爾多組（英語：Romualdo Formation）、奧坎塔拉組（英語：Alcântara Formation）、布雷茹桑托組（英語：Brejo Santo Formation）與舊米桑組（英語：Missão Velha Formation）與烏拉圭的塔夸倫博組（英語：Tacuarembó Formation）^[6]；非洲阿爾及利亞與突尼西亞的陸間組（英語：Continental intercalaire）、突尼西亞的艾因埃爾蓋塔組（英語：Aïn el Guettar Formation）、摩洛哥的卡瑪卡瑪群、喀麥隆的Babouri Figuil盆地（英語：Babouri Figuil Basin），地層年代橫跨侏羅紀晚期至白堊紀晚期；美國德克薩斯州的木藤組（英語：Woodbine Formation）與阿帕拉契古陸（英語：Appalachia_(landmass)）^[7]^[8]。

莫森氏魚屬的模式種為巨型莫森氏魚（M. gigas），在這之後則陸續有數個種被命名，包括巴西莫森氏魚（M. brasiliensis）、利比斯莫森氏魚（M. libyca）、小莫森氏魚（M. minor）、烏班吉莫森氏魚（M. ubangiensis），但也有學者認為這些均為巨型莫森氏魚的異名^[5]^[9]。2014年雷歐·夫拉哥索針對莫森氏魚的論文^[10]認為巴西莫森氏魚為有效名，並認為小莫森氏魚應也屬有效名。近年來的研究也多承認巴西莫森氏魚為有效名^[9]^[11]^[12]^[13]。而原先被認為屬於莫森氏魚屬的拉氏莫森氏魚，則被認為實際上應屬於阿塞洛魚屬（英語：Axelrodichthys）^[13]^[14]。

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莫森氏魚棲息於淡水與半鹹水的水域中^[15]。目前仍未確定牠們的食性，但推測莫森氏魚可能為食殼性（英語：durophagy），透過口中的小齒來咬碎一些具堅硬外殼的小型無脊椎動物^[16]；也有可能是透過吸食方式（英語：suction feeding）直接吞下整個獵物^[17]。

[1]
Sereno, P. C.; Dutheil, D. B.; Iarochene, M.; Larsson HCE; Lyon, G. H.; Magwene, P. M.; Sidor, C. A.; Varricchio, D. J.; Wilson, J. A. Predatory Dinosaurs from the Sahara and Late Cretaceous Faunal Differentiation. Science. 1996, 272 (5264): 986–91. Bibcode:1996Sci...272..986S. PMID 8662584. doi:10.1126/science.272.5264.986.
[2]
Cavin, Lionel; Piuz, André; Ferrante, Christophe; Guinot, Guillaume. Giant Mesozoic coelacanths (Osteichthyes, Actinistia) reveal high body size disparity decoupled from taxic diversity. Scientific Reports. 2021-06-03, 11 (1): 11812. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1111812C. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8175595 . PMID 34083600. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90962-5 （英語）.
[3]
Mawsonia （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） at Fossilworks.org
[4]
Dutel, Hugo; Pennetier, Elisabeth; Pennetier, Gérard. A giant marine coelacanth from the Jurassic of Normandy, France. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2014-07-29, 34 (5): 1239–1242 [2023-02-20]. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 130632357. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.838176. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-19）.
[5]
de Carvalho, Marise S. S.; Maisey, John G. New occurrence of Mawsonia (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from the Early Cretaceous of the Sanfranciscana Basin, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2008, 295 (1): 109–144 [2023-02-20]. Bibcode:2008GSLSP.295..109D. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 73613846. doi:10.1144/sp295.8. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-20）.
[6]
Toriño, Pablo; Soto, Matías; Perea, Daniel; Salgado de Carvalho, Marise Sardenberg. New findings of the coelacanth Mawsonia Woodward (Actinistia, Latimerioidei) from the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous of Uruguay: Novel anatomical and taxonomic considerations and an emended diagnosis for the genus. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 1 April 2021, 107: 103054 [2023-02-20]. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10703054T. ISSN 0895-9811. S2CID 229397087. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103054. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-18）（英語）.
[7]
Cavin L, Toriño P, Van Vranken N, Carter B, Polcyn MJ, Winkler D (2021) The first late cretaceous mawsoniid coelacanth (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from North America: Evidence of a lineage of extinct 『living fossils』（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. PLoS ONE 16(11): e0259292. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259292 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
[8]
Visiting instructor part of fossil fish team. [2023-02-20]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-24）.
[9]
Cupello, Camila; Batista, Thatiany A.; Fragoso, Léo G.; Brito, Paulo M. Mawsoniid remains (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from the lacustrine Missão Velha Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Araripe Basin, North-East Brazil. Cretaceous Research. 2016-10-01, 65: 10–16 [2023-02-20]. ISSN 0195-6671. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.04.009. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-11）（英語）.
[10]
Fragoso, Léo. Revisão do Ramo Gondwânico da família Mawsoniidae (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia: Coelacanthiformes). Doctoral Dissertation, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 2014 [2023-02-20]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-17）.
[11]
Batista, Thatiany Alencar; Bantim, Renan Alfredo Machado; Lima, Flaviana Jorge de; Santos Filho, Edilson Bezerra dos; Saraiva, Antônio Álamo Feitosa. New data on the coelacanth fish-fauna (Mawsoniidae) from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Araripe Basin, Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 2019-11-01, 95: 102280 [2023-02-20]. Bibcode:2019JSAES..9502280B. ISSN 0895-9811. S2CID 199106397. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102280. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-05）（英語）.
[12]
Cavin, Lionel; Cupello, Camila; Yabumoto, Yoshitaka; Léo, Fragoso; Deersi, Uthumporn; Brito, Paul M. Phylogeny and evolutionary history of mawsoniid coelacanths (PDF). Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Series A. 2019, 17: 3–13 [2023-02-20]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2022-02-20）.
[13]
Fragoso, Léo Galvão Crainer; Brito, Paulo; Yabumoto, Yoshitaka. Axelrodichthys araripensis Maisey, 1986 revisited. Historical Biology. 2019-11-26, 31 (10): 1350–1372 [2023-02-20]. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 89795160. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1454443. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-20）.
[14]
Ibrahim, Nizar; Sereno, Paul C.; Varricchio, David J.; Martill, David M.; Dutheil, Didier B.; Unwin, David M.; Baidder, Lahssen; Larsson, Hans C. E.; Zouhri, Samir; Kaoukaya, Abdelhadi. Geology and paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of eastern Morocco. ZooKeys. 2020-04-21, (928): 1–216 [2023-02-20]. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 7188693 . PMID 32362741. doi:10.3897/zookeys.928.47517 . （原始內容存檔於2022-03-24）.
[15]
Meunier, François J.; Cupello, Camila; Yabumoto, Yoshikata; Brito, Paulo M. The diet of the Early Cretaceous coelacanth †Axelrodichthys araripensis Maisey, 1986 (Actinistia: Mawsoniidae). 2018 [2023-02-20]. doi:10.26028/CYBIUM/2018-421-011. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-18）.
[16]
Barbara S. Grandstaff, Joshua Smith, Matthew Lamanna, Allison Tumarkin-Deratzian, Joshua B Smith, Matthew Lamanna, Allison Tumarkin-Deratzian (2004) Cranial Kinesis and Diet in Mawsonia (Actinistia, Coelanthiformes)
[17]
Cavin, Lionel; Boudad, Larbi; Tong, Haiyan; Läng, Emilie; Tabouelle, Jérôme; Vullo, Romain. Taxonomic Composition and Trophic Structure of the Continental Bony Fish Assemblage from the Early Late Cretaceous of Southeastern Morocco. PLOS ONE. 2015-05-27, 10 (5): e0125786. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1025786C. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4446216 . PMID 26018561. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125786  （英語）.

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Fishes of the World by Joseph S. Nelson
History of the Coelacanth Fishes by Peter Forey
Discovering Fossil Fishes by John Maisey and John G. Maisey
The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution by John A. Long
Evolution of Fossil Ecosystems by Paul Selden and John Nudds

[1] [1]
Sereno, P. C.; Dutheil, D. B.; Iarochene, M.; Larsson HCE; Lyon, G. H.; Magwene, P. M.; Sidor, C. A.; Varricchio, D. J.; Wilson, J. A. Predatory Dinosaurs from the Sahara and Late Cretaceous Faunal Differentiation. Science. 1996, 272 (5264): 986–91. Bibcode:1996Sci...272..986S. PMID 8662584. doi:10.1126/science.272.5264.986.

[Cavinetal2021-2] [2]
Cavin, Lionel; Piuz, André; Ferrante, Christophe; Guinot, Guillaume. Giant Mesozoic coelacanths (Osteichthyes, Actinistia) reveal high body size disparity decoupled from taxic diversity. Scientific Reports. 2021-06-03, 11 (1): 11812. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1111812C. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8175595 . PMID 34083600. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90962-5 （英語）.

[FWMawsonia-3] [3]
Mawsonia （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） at Fossilworks.org

[4] [4]
Dutel, Hugo; Pennetier, Elisabeth; Pennetier, Gérard. A giant marine coelacanth from the Jurassic of Normandy, France. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2014-07-29, 34 (5): 1239–1242 [2023-02-20]. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 130632357. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.838176. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-19）.

[renamed_from_0_on_20211224055025-5] [5]
de Carvalho, Marise S. S.; Maisey, John G. New occurrence of Mawsonia (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from the Early Cretaceous of the Sanfranciscana Basin, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2008, 295 (1): 109–144 [2023-02-20]. Bibcode:2008GSLSP.295..109D. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 73613846. doi:10.1144/sp295.8. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-20）.

[:0-6] [6]
Toriño, Pablo; Soto, Matías; Perea, Daniel; Salgado de Carvalho, Marise Sardenberg. New findings of the coelacanth Mawsonia Woodward (Actinistia, Latimerioidei) from the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous of Uruguay: Novel anatomical and taxonomic considerations and an emended diagnosis for the genus. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 1 April 2021, 107: 103054 [2023-02-20]. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10703054T. ISSN 0895-9811. S2CID 229397087. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103054. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-18）（英語）.

[7] [7]
Cavin L, Toriño P, Van Vranken N, Carter B, Polcyn MJ, Winkler D (2021) The first late cretaceous mawsoniid coelacanth (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from North America: Evidence of a lineage of extinct 『living fossils』（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. PLoS ONE 16(11): e0259292. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259292 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[8] [8]
Visiting instructor part of fossil fish team. [2023-02-20]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-24）.

[:1-9] [9]
Cupello, Camila; Batista, Thatiany A.; Fragoso, Léo G.; Brito, Paulo M. Mawsoniid remains (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from the lacustrine Missão Velha Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Araripe Basin, North-East Brazil. Cretaceous Research. 2016-10-01, 65: 10–16 [2023-02-20]. ISSN 0195-6671. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.04.009. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-11）（英語）.

[10] [10]
Fragoso, Léo. Revisão do Ramo Gondwânico da família Mawsoniidae (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia: Coelacanthiformes). Doctoral Dissertation, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 2014 [2023-02-20]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-17）.

[11] [11]
Batista, Thatiany Alencar; Bantim, Renan Alfredo Machado; Lima, Flaviana Jorge de; Santos Filho, Edilson Bezerra dos; Saraiva, Antônio Álamo Feitosa. New data on the coelacanth fish-fauna (Mawsoniidae) from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Araripe Basin, Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 2019-11-01, 95: 102280 [2023-02-20]. Bibcode:2019JSAES..9502280B. ISSN 0895-9811. S2CID 199106397. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102280. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-05）（英語）.

[12] [12]
Cavin, Lionel; Cupello, Camila; Yabumoto, Yoshitaka; Léo, Fragoso; Deersi, Uthumporn; Brito, Paul M. Phylogeny and evolutionary history of mawsoniid coelacanths (PDF). Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Series A. 2019, 17: 3–13 [2023-02-20]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2022-02-20）.

[:2-13] [13]
Fragoso, Léo Galvão Crainer; Brito, Paulo; Yabumoto, Yoshitaka. Axelrodichthys araripensis Maisey, 1986 revisited. Historical Biology. 2019-11-26, 31 (10): 1350–1372 [2023-02-20]. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 89795160. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1454443. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-20）.

[14] [14]
Ibrahim, Nizar; Sereno, Paul C.; Varricchio, David J.; Martill, David M.; Dutheil, Didier B.; Unwin, David M.; Baidder, Lahssen; Larsson, Hans C. E.; Zouhri, Samir; Kaoukaya, Abdelhadi. Geology and paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of eastern Morocco. ZooKeys. 2020-04-21, (928): 1–216 [2023-02-20]. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 7188693 . PMID 32362741. doi:10.3897/zookeys.928.47517 . （原始內容存檔於2022-03-24）.

[15] [15]
Meunier, François J.; Cupello, Camila; Yabumoto, Yoshikata; Brito, Paulo M. The diet of the Early Cretaceous coelacanth †Axelrodichthys araripensis Maisey, 1986 (Actinistia: Mawsoniidae). 2018 [2023-02-20]. doi:10.26028/CYBIUM/2018-421-011. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-18）.

[16] [16]
Barbara S. Grandstaff, Joshua Smith, Matthew Lamanna, Allison Tumarkin-Deratzian, Joshua B Smith, Matthew Lamanna, Allison Tumarkin-Deratzian (2004) Cranial Kinesis and Diet in Mawsonia (Actinistia, Coelanthiformes)

[17] [17]
Cavin, Lionel; Boudad, Larbi; Tong, Haiyan; Läng, Emilie; Tabouelle, Jérôme; Vullo, Romain. Taxonomic Composition and Trophic Structure of the Continental Bony Fish Assemblage from the Early Late Cretaceous of Southeastern Morocco. PLOS ONE. 2015-05-27, 10 (5): e0125786. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1025786C. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4446216 . PMID 26018561. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125786  （英語）.

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莫森氏魚屬

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莫森氏魚屬

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