祖熊屬(學名:Ursavus)是熊科已滅絕的一個屬,生活於2300萬至530萬年前中新世的北美和歐亞大陸[2][3],是現代熊屬生物的祖先[4]。它在2000萬年前從亞洲大陸遷徙到北美[5]。
Quick Facts 科學分類, 模式種 ...
祖熊屬
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科學分類
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界:
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動物界 Animalia
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門:
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脊索動物門 Chordata
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綱:
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哺乳綱 Mammalia
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目:
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食肉目 Carnivora
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科:
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熊科 Ursidae
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屬:
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†祖熊屬 Ursavus Schlosser, 1899
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模式種
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†Ursavus brevirhinus
Hofmann, 1887
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Species[1]
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- †Ursavus brevirhinus (Hofmann, 1887)
- †Ursavus primaevus (Gaillard, 1899)
- †Ursavus intermedius (Koenigswald, 1925)
- †Ursavus pawniensis (Frick, 1926)
- †Ursavus ehrenbergi (Brunner, 1942)
- †Ursavus sylvestris (Qiu & Qi, 1990)
- †Ursavus isorei (Ginsburg & Morales, 1998)
- †Ursavus tedfordi (Zhanxiang et al., 2014)
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該屬共發現11種,總體來看,其體型小,與現代的狼相似。[4]
黎明熊(U. elmensis)[6]是該屬第一個種[7][8]。但後來它和U. depereti一起被劃出本屬,黎明熊分入安盧熊屬(Ballusia),後者則被分入郊熊貓屬(Agriarctos)[4]。
2006年7月中國甘肅臨夏回族自治州廣河縣官坊鄉槐溝村發現的戴氏祖熊(U. tedfordi)的頭骨化石,為世界上首次發現的完整祖熊頭骨[1][4]。1985年山東臨朐縣山旺發現的東方祖熊(U. orientalis)化石保存情況也很好[9]。但有研究者認為東方祖熊其實不屬於祖熊屬,而是屬於安盧熊屬[1]。
Qiu, Zhan-Xiang; et al. A Late Miocene Ursavus skull from Guanghe, Gansu, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 2014, 52 (3): 265–302.
Kurten, Bjorn. Pleistocene bears of North America I: Genus Tremarctos, spectacled bears. Acta Zool. Fenn. 1966, 115: 1–120.
Crusafont, M.; Kurten, B. Bears and bear-dogs from the Vallesian of the Valles-Penedes basin, Spain. Acta Zool. Fenn. 1976, 144: 1–29.
Derocher, Andrew E.; Ian Stirling. Factors affecting the evolution and behavioral ecology of the modern bears. Bears: Their Biology and Management. A selection of papers from the Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management. February 1989, 8: 189–204 (1990). JSTOR 3872919.
McLellan, Bruce. A review of bear evolution (PDF). [Proceedings of the] International Conference on Bear Research and Management. 1994, 9 (1): 85–96 [2021-06-04]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-11-15).
Derocher, A. E.; Lynch, W. Polar Bears: A complete guide to their biology and behavior. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2012.