矛頭蝮

矛頭蝮長75–125釐米。矛頭蝮的背上環斑可融入雨林的落葉地表，幫助牠們長時間等候獵物。矛頭蝮受干擾時會像響尾蛇一樣舉起尾巴發聲警告入侵者(尾部無響環)。矛頭蝮會受人類住宅區的老鼠吸引而來到人類的住所，容易咬傷人類。矛頭蝮的毒液會瓦解傷口周遭的組織，毒液還會隨著血液蔓延破壞血液組織，最後導致心臟及腎臟衰竭。

矛頭蝮
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	爬蟲綱 Reptilia
目：	有鱗目 Squamata
亞目：	蛇亞目 Serpentes
科：	蝰科 Viperidae
屬：	矛頭蝮屬 Bothrops
種：	矛頭蝮 B. atrox
二名法
Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus, 1758)
異名
Coluber atrox Linnaeus, 1758 [Coluber] ambiguus Gmelin, 1788 Vipera Weigeli Daudin, 1803 Cophias holocericeus Wied-Neuwied, 1821 Trigonoceph[alus]. atrox – Schinz, 1822 Vipera atrox Weigelii – Schinz, 1822 Trigonoceph[alus]. holocericeus – Schinz, 1822 Bothrops furia Wagler, 1824 Bothrops tessellatus Wagler, 1824 Craspedocephalus atrox – Fitzinger, 1826 Craspedocephalus Weigelii – Fitzinger, 1826 [Bothrops] atrox – Wagler, 1830 [Bothrops] ambiguus – Wagler, 1830 T[rigonocephalus]. atrox – Schlegel, 1837 Trigonocephalus Colombiensis Hallowell, 1845 Bothrops affinis Gray, 1849 Bothrops atrox var. tessellatus – Jan & Sordelli, 1875 Lachesis atrox – Boulenger, 1896 Botrhops atrox – Recinos, 1913 B[othrops]. Neuvoiedii Venezuelenzi Briceño Rossi, 1934 Trimeresurus atrox – Schmidt & Walker, 1943 Bothrops atrox atrox – Hoge, 1952 Bothrops colombiensis – Hoge, 1966 Bothrops atrox colombiensis – Gubensk, Turk & Drujan, 1978 Bothrops isabelae Sandner-Montilla, 1979 Bothrops lanceolatus aidae Sandner-Montilla, 1981 B[othrops]. atrox aidae – Vanzolini, 1986 Bothrops lanceolatus nacaritae Sandner-Montilla, 1990[1]

參考文獻

1. McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).