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弧菌科（學名：Vibrionaceae）是Γ-變形菌綱弧菌目（Vibrionales）的唯一一科，該科的細菌分布於世界各地的淡水、鹹水中。很多可以發光的、和深海生物共生的細菌位於該科[1]。此外，霍亂弧菌也是該科細菌。
它是一種革蘭氏陰性菌、兼性厭氧菌，含有氧化酶，有一個或以上的、對稱的鞭毛。該科最初的四個屬就是依照這些特徵劃分的，其中的Vibrio、Photobacterium還在沿用，但Aeromonas、Plesiomonas已經被劃分到別的科。而弧菌科又增加了新屬Aliivibrio[2]、Catenococcus、 Enterovibrio、Grimontia、Listonella、Salinivibrio等。
本科包括以下屬：
- 別弧菌屬 Aliivibrio Urbanczyk et al. 2007
- 奇異單胞菌屬 Allomonas Kalina et al. 1984
- 貝內克菌屬 Beneckea Campbell 1957
- 鏈狀球菌屬 Catenococcus Sorokin 1994
- Echinimonas Nedashkovskaya et al. 2013
- 腸弧菌屬 Enterovibrio Thompson et al. 2002
- Enterovibrio altilux Hendry et al. 2018
- Enterovibrio baiacu Azevedo et al. 2020
- Enterovibrio calviensis (Denner et al. 2002) Pascual et al. 2009
- Enterovibrio coralii Thompson et al. 2005
- Enterovibrio escacola Hendry et al. 2018
- Enterovibrio escicola corrig. Hendry et al. 2018
- Enterovibrio luxaltus Hendry et al. 2018
- Enterovibrio nigricans Pascual et al. 2009
- Enterovibrio norvegicus Thompson et al. 2002
- Enterovibrio pacificus Liu et al. 2016
- Enterovibrio paralichthyis Kim et al. 2022[3]
- 格里蒙菌屬 Grimontia Thompson et al. 2003
- Grimontia celer Pujalte et al. 2016
- Grimontia celeris corrig. Pujalte et al. 2016
- Grimontia hollisae (Hickman et al. 1982) Thompson et al. 2003
- 印度格里蒙菌 Grimontia indica Singh et al. 2014
- Grimontia kaedaensis Sakaguchi et al. 2023
- Grimontia marina Choi et al. 2013
- 沉積物格里蒙菌 Grimontia sedimenti Mahmoud et al. 2021
- 李斯道氏菌屬 Listonella MacDonell and Colwell 1986
- 射光桿菌屬 Lucibacterium Hendrie et al. 1970
- 側支發光桿菌屬 Paraphotobacterium Huang et al. 2016
- 發光桿菌屬 Photobacterium Beijerinck 1889
- 鹽弧菌屬 Salinivibrio Mellado et al. 1996
- Thaumasiovibrio Amin et al. 2018
- 弧菌屬 Vibrio Pacini 1854
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