小鯢(學名:Hynobiidae)是較原始的有尾目兩棲動物。
特徵
小鯢身長約5至9公分,體形與大鯢相似,軀體扁長,四肢很短,前肢有4趾,後肢有5趾,還有一條短而側扁的尾巴,背面呈黑或棕褐色,腹面顏色較淺,頭部較小,舌頭較大,牙齒呈V形。
分布
小鯢主要分佈於亞洲的高緯度地區,生活在水邊草地,跟同樣分佈於亞洲的大鯢(隱鰓鯢科 Cryptobranchidae)有較近的親緣關係。
分類
目前約有50種,其中約有一半為日本特有種[1]:
- 山溪鯢屬 Batrachuperus Boulenger, 1878
- 無唇褶山溪鯢 - B. cochranae Liu, 1950
- 古爾日山溪鯢 - B. gorganensis Clergue-Gazeau and Thorn, 1979
- 無角鞘山溪鯢 - B. karlschmidti Liu, 1950
- 龍洞山溪鯢 - B. londongensis Liu and Tian in Liu, Hu, Tian and Wu, 1978
- 喀布爾山溪鯢 - B. mustersi Smith, 1940
- 伊朗山溪鯢 - B. persicus Eiselt and Steiner, 1970
- 山溪鯢 - B. pinchonii (David, 1872)
- B. taibaiensis Song, Zeng, Wu, Liu and Fu, 2001
- 西藏山溪鯢 - B. tibetanus Schmidt, 1925
- 鹽源山溪鯢 - B. yenyuanensis Liu, 1950
- 小鯢屬 Hynobius Tschudi, 1838
- 河氏小鯢 - H. abei Sato, 1934
- 安吉小鯢 - H. amjiensis Gu, 1992
- 阿里山小鯢 - H. arisanensis Maki, 1922
- 布氏小鯢 - H. boulengeri (Thompson, 1912)
- 中國小鯢 - H. chinensis Günther, 1889
- 鄧氏小鯢 - H. dunni Tago, 1931
- 台灣小鯢 - H. formosanus Maki, 1922
- H. hidamontanus Matsui, 1987
- 比叡山小鯢 - H. kimurae Dunn, 1923
- 東北小鯢 - H. leechii Boulenger, 1887
- 費氏小鯢 - H. lichenatus Boulenger, 1883
- 黑疣小鯢 - H. naevius (Temminck and Schlegel, 1838)
- 無斑小鯢 - H. nebulosus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1838)
- 黑小鯢 - H. nigrescens Stejneger, 1907
- 隱岐小鯢 - H. okiensis Sato, 1940
- H. quelpartensis Mori, 1928
- 滯育小鯢 - H. retardatus Dunn, 1923
- 楚南氏山椒魚(玉山小鯢) - H. sonani (Maki, 1922)
- 琥珀小鯢 - H. stejnegeri Dunn, 1923
- H. takedai Matsui and Miyazaki, 1984
- 東京小鯢 - H. tokyoensis Tago, 1931
- 對馬小鯢 - H. tsuensis Abé, 1922
- H. turkestanicus Nikolskii, 1910
- H. yangi Kim, Min and Matsui, 2003
- 義鳥小鯢 - H. yiwuensis Cai, 1985
- 豫南小鯢 - H. yunanicus Chen, Qu and Niu, 2001
- 爪鯢屬 Onychodactylus Tschudi, 1838
- 肥鯢屬 Pachyhynobius Fei, Qu and Wu, 1983
- 商城肥鯢 - P. shangchengensis Fei, Qu and Wu, 1983
- 原鯢屬 Protohynobius Fei and Ye, 2000
- 普雄原鯢 - P. puxiongensis Fei and Ye, 2000
- 北鯢屬 Ranodon Kessler, 1866
- 黃斑北鯢 - R. flavomaculatus (Hu and Fei in Hu, Fei and Ye, 1978)
- 巫山北鯢 - R. shihi (Liu, 1950)
- 新疆北鯢 - R. sibiricus Kessler, 1866
- 秦巴北鯢 - R. tsinpaensis Liu and Hu in Hu, Zhao and Liu, 1966
- 極北鯢屬 Salamandrella Dybowski, 1870
- 極北鯢 - S. keyserlingii Dybowski, 1870
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參考
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