封印木學名Sigillaria)是一滅絕石松類,為高大的蕨類,生長在炎熱潮濕的沼澤地帶中。在石炭紀時頗為興盛,和鱗木蘆木等一同形成了廣大的蕨類雨林。它們的高度可達30公尺[2]其遺骸在地底下經長久的化學及物理作用後,形成現代人類最重要的燃料資源煤炭天然氣

Quick Facts 科學分類, 種 ...
封印木屬
化石時期:359–270 Ma[1]
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封印木樹幹的化石
科學分類 編輯
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 維管束植物 Tracheophyta
綱: 石松綱 Lycopodiopsida
目: 水韭目 Isoetales
科: 鱗木科 Lepidodendraceae
屬: 封印木屬 Sigillaria
Brongniart, 1822[1]

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特徵

封印木的植物體高大粗壯,可長至30的高度。[2]像柱子一樣筆直的樹幹大多沒有分枝[3],僅在頂端形成二歧分枝的樹冠,呈螺旋狀排列[3]的狹長葉片[4]布滿樹冠的枝條,使整株植物體貌似一個高大的叉形瓶刷。樹幹表面具有縱向排列的密集六角形葉座[2],形成規則的蜂巢狀,這些葉座有氣孔,含有葉綠素。因此據推測其軀幹可能是綠色的。由孢子葉聚集而成的孢子葉球著生於樹幹分叉處的上部,孢子囊位於每片孢子葉的腋部,內含孢子。封印木和許多古老的石松類一樣,生命週期相對較短,會在幾年內迅速增長至成熟。有些學者認為封印木是一次結實植物英語Monocarpic,意味著它們在繁殖後便會凋亡,儘管此假設尚未得到證實。[4]

物種[5]

  • Sigillaria alveolaris Brongniart (1828)
  • Sigillaria barbata Weiss (1887)
  • Sigillaria bicostata Weiss (1887)
  • Sigillaria boblayi Brongniart (1828)
  • Sigillaria brardii Brongniart (1828)
  • Sigillaria cancriformis Weiss (1887)
  • Sigillaria cristata Sauveur (1848)
  • Sigillaria cumulata Weiss (1887)
  • Sigillaria davreuxii Brongniart (1828)
  • Sigillaria densifolia Brongniart (1836)
  • Sigillaria elegans Sternberg (1825)
  • Sigillaria elongata Brongniart (1824)
  • Sigillaria fossorum Weiss (1887)
  • Sigillaria hexagona Brongniart (1828)
  • Sigillaria loricata Weiss (1887)
  • Sigillaria mammiliaris Brongniart (1824)
  • Sigillaria menardi Brongniart (1828)
  • Sigillaria micaudi (Zeller (1886-1888)
  • Sigillaria monostigma Lesquereux (1866)
  • Sigillaria orbicularis Brongniart (1828)
  • Sigillaria ovata Sauveur (1848)
  • Sigillaria pachyderma Brongniart (1828)
  • Sigillaria principes Weiss (1881)
  • Sigillaria reticulata Lesquereux (1860)
  • Sigillaria rugosa Brongniart (1828)
  • Sigillaria saulii Brongniart (1836)
  • Sigillaria schotheimiana Brongniart (1836)
  • Sigillaria scutellata Brongniart (1822)
  • Sigillaria sillimanni Brongniart (1828)
  • Sigillaria tesselata Brongniart (1828)
  • Sigillaria transversalis Brongniart (1828)
  • Sigillaria trigona Sternberg (1826)
  • Sigillaria voltzii Brongniart (1828)

圖片

參考文獻

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