對印度尼西亞華人的歧視、暴力行為最早可追溯至1740年以前,當時荷屬東印度政府曾於紅溪慘案期間殺死了超過一萬名華裔。自那時起,對印尼華人的排擠事件便屢屢出現在印尼本國與其他國家的政府日誌之中。記錄中,規模最大的兩次失控事件發生在1965年、反共清洗中的一次政變事件中[1],以及1998年由對華貿易引起、造成上百名華裔婦女遭強姦的黑色五月暴動事件。這些事件都與第二任獨裁總統蘇哈托有關係。
在此類事件中,歧視行為既可以是由暴力、法律限制引起、也可由日常對話的措辭、語調產生。因為這類的歧視現象,印尼華人面臨著身份危機,既無法融入華人群體中,也無法融入印尼人的群體之中。
腳註
參考文獻
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網絡文獻
- Ethnic Chinese tell of mass rapes. BBC. 1998-06-23 [2009-05-15]. (原始內容存檔於2021-02-24).
- Daihani, Dadan Umar; Purnomo, Agus Budi. The May 1998 Riot in Jakarta, Indonesia, Analyzed with GIS. 2001 [2009-05-15]. (原始內容存檔於2020-02-17).
- Kota Solo Penuh Asap [Solo is Full of Smoke]. Kompas (Jakarta). 1998-05-15: 11 (印度尼西亞語).
- Amuk Massa Landa Boyolali [Masses Rage in Boyolali]. Kompas (Jakarta). 1998-05-16: 7 (印度尼西亞語).
- Wijayanta, Hanibal W.Y.; Sen Tjiauw. Percik Bara Seantero Nusantara [A Smoldering Stain Throughout the Archipelago]. Jakarta: Forum Keadilan: 18–22. 1998-06-01 (印度尼西亞語).