總理衙門檔案記載,1895年5月8日中日在中國煙臺利順德飯店換約。據查中方換約大臣伍廷芳和聯芳(非聯元)於5月6日從天津乘船到煙臺,旋即被排在建於光緒17年的廣仁堂內住宿。日本換約代表伊東巳代治(日語:伊東巳代治)於5月7日來煙臺,下榻於德國人開的海濱旅館(Beach Hotel)。7日及8日雙方於大清登萊青道道署舉行三次會議見面商談。5月8日晚10時於煙臺山下利順德飯店(或為The Astor House Hotel,有人誤譯為順德飯店,大陸飯店)正式換約。[16]
按樺山資紀的「臺澎交接完結報告」記載,6月1日16時李經方在John W. Foster(英語:John W. Foster)陪同下[17],乘德國輪船公義號抵臺。6月2日10時偕同翻譯盧永銘、陶大均在基隆三貂角外海的日本輪船「橫濱丸」上,與日本政府派任第一任臺灣總督樺山資紀海軍大將會面。11時樺山回訪。14時樺山派水野、島村至公義號商議交接手續,21時完成簽署《交接臺灣文據》,交換有關交接物件之文書。6月3日0時30分公義號開船。[18][19]
Frank W. Ikle, "The Triple Intervention. Japan's Lesson in the Diplomacy of Imperialism." Monumenta Nipponica 22.1/2 (1967): 122-130. online (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
Conde Pérez, Elena; Valerieva Yaneva, Zhaklin. 国际法中的不平等条约 Unequal Treaties in International Law. Oxford Bibliographies Online. 2019-04-12 [2024-01-20] –透過Oxford Bibliographies Online (英語). The 「unequal treaties」 (known also by the terms 「unjust,」 「coercive,」 「predatory,」 「enslaving,」 「leonine」) refers fundamentally, but not exclusively, to a historical category of bilateral treaties concluded in the late 19th and early 20th century between European states, the United States of America (USA) or Latin American countries (states that fulfilled the standards of 「civilization」), and Asian or African states (perceived as 「uncivilized」). 「不平等條約」,(也被稱為「不公正」,「強迫」,「掠奪」,「奴役」,「如同獅子般的」)基本上是指歷史上主要由(但不僅限於)19世紀末和20世紀初由歐洲國家、美國或拉丁美洲國家等符合「文明」標準的國家與亞洲或非洲國家等被視為「未開化」的國家之間簽訂的一類的雙邊條約, (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
Carven, Matthew. What Happened to Unequal Treaties? The Continuities of Informal Empire(PDF). 倫敦大學亞非學院. 2005-10-14 –透過Nordic Journal of International Law (英語). ...that the agreements had been procured by dint of coercion – that they had not been freely consented to, and reflected rather the presence of coercion and the inequalities in bargaining positions of the parties at the time of their conclusion. In the case of China, several treaties had been procured directly as a consequence of coercion. This was the case as regards the agreements with Britain, France and the United States had followed the Opium War in 1842, those with France after the Franco-Chinese war of 1884, and that with Japan following the Chinese-Japanese War of 1894–5. (中文譯文)...這些協議是通過威逼利誘達成的——它們並不是簽署國自由同意的結果,而是反映了當事各方在達成協議時的威脅存在和談判地位的不平等。對於中國,有幾項協議直接是因為被威脅而獲得的。這適用於與英國、法國和美國簽署的協議,在1842年的鴉片戰爭後,與法國在1884年的中法戰爭後,以及在中日戰爭(1894-1895年)後與日本簽署的協議。 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)