金牛座CQ

金牛座CQ是位於黃道星座金牛座的一顆年輕變星^[5]。它太微弱了，視星等的範圍在7000869999999999999♠8.7 to 12.25^[4]，因此肉眼無法直接看到。基於視差測量，這顆恆星的距離大約是487光年，並以~23Km/s的徑向速度遠離太陽系^[7]。它似乎是T-星協金牛4的成員^[8]。金牛座CQ離黃道足夠近，因此會發生月掩星的天象^[13]。

金牛座CQ

依據INTEGRAL OMC 的數據繪製的金牛座CQ 可見光波段的光變曲線[1]。
觀測資料 曆元 J2000.0
星座	金牛座
星官
赤經	05h 35m 58.467s[2]
赤緯	24° 44′ 54.09″[2]
視星等（V）	10.48[3] (7000869999999999999♠8.7 to 12.25)[4]
特性
演化階段	主序前星[5]
光譜分類	F5IVe[6]
B−V 色指數	0.696+0.091 −[3]
變星類型	獵戶型變星[4]
天體測定
徑向速度 (Rv)	22.60+2.7 −[7] km/s
自行 (μ)	赤經：2.987 mas/yr 赤緯：−26.364 mas/yr
視差 (π)	6.6946 ± 0.0600[2] mas
距離	487 ± 4 ly (149 ± 1 pc)
絕對星等 (MV)	5.92[8]
詳細資料
質量	1.67[9] M☉
半徑	1.7[10] R☉
表面重力 (log g)	4.0[8]
亮度	10[9] L☉
溫度	6,900[9] K
金屬量 [Fe/H]	+0.14[11] dex
自轉速度 (v sin i)	105.0+5.0 −[6] km/s
年齡	10[9] Myr
其他命名
CQ Tau、​BD+24°873、​HD 36910、​HIP 26295、​SAO 77299、​PPM 94541[12]
參考資料庫
SIMBAD	資料

這顆恆星在1948年被阿爾朱基諾夫（Artjukinov，sp？）和1949年被庫諾·霍夫邁斯特（英語：Cuno Hoffmeister）獨立報導為一顆變星^[14]。霍夫邁斯特將其歸類為類似御夫座RW（英語：RW Aurigae）變星，亮度範圍從8.7等到10.5等^[15]， 使其成為該類型中最明亮的成員之一^[14]。G·H·赫比格在1960年發現了這顆恆星的光譜為F2^[16]，到1973年，它被歸類為獵戶型變星的金牛T星。 ^[17]。在1968年，沃爾德瑪律·格茨（英語：Woldemar Götz）和W.溫澤爾（英語：List of minor planet discoverers# Wolfgang Wenzel (astronomer)）發現來自系統的微弱藍光發射^[18]。

1973年該系統的光譜圖像在F型恆星上顯示雙發射線^[19]。它被IRAS發現為紅外源，並與星雲相關聯，這使得它能夠在1994年被P. S. Thé和同事編目為赫比格Ae/Be星^[20]。恆星經歷不規則的亮度降低，在其他方面類似於大陵五型變星。 它有一個不均勻的吸積盤繞行著，這是發射線的來源^[21]。

金牛座CQ是一顆主序前星，恆星分類為F5IVe^[6]。它的質量是太陽的1.67倍，輻射亮度是太陽的10倍，表面有效溫度為6,900K。這顆恆星大約有1,000萬年的歷史^[9]，並且以105km/s的投影旋轉速度旋轉^[6]。旨在再現星周盤分佈的模擬表明，一顆距離為7012299195741400000♠~20 AU，質量為7000600000000000000♠6–9 M_J的行星嵌入盤中，正在圍繞該恆星運行^[9]。2018年的近紅外觀測顯示，圓盤中存在螺旋結構，這與軌道行星的存在一致。然而，並沒有發現任何行星^[22]。

原行星系統

在2000年，甚大天線陣的觀測證明了圍繞恆星運行的大質量原行星盤的範圍，估計盤面中的灰塵質量為7026298282500000000♠1.5×10⁻⁴ M_☉^[23]。量測表明，金牛座CQ周圍圓盤中的塵粒已生長到最大約一釐米大小^[24]，與主星相距7012598391482800000♠40 AU以外的晶粒尺寸逐漸減小^[25]。來自阿塔卡瑪大型毫米及次毫米波陣列的資料顯示，內盤中有一個裡面的氣體和灰塵都耗盡了的空腔^[9]。孤立的、厚厚的塵埃雲隨機地遮蔽著這顆恆星^[26]。

在2022年，探測到原行星盤中的四個旋臂。懷疑是被一顆位於偏心傾斜軌道上，尚未發現的行星擾亂了圓盤的形狀^[27]。

參考資料

1. OMC Archive. OMC Archive. The Astronomical Data Centre at CAB. [19 December 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2022-11-30）.
2. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2021, 649: A1. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. S2CID 227254300. arXiv:2012.01533 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657 . 已忽略未知參數|collaboration= (幫助) (勘誤: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
3. Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch., XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation, Astronomy Letters, 2012, 38 (5): 331, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, S2CID 119257644, arXiv:1108.4971 , doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015.
4. Samus, N. N.; et al, General Catalogue of Variable Stars, Astronomy Reports, 5.1, 2017, 61 (1): 80–88, Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S, S2CID 125853869, doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085.
5. Testi, L.; et al, Large grains in the disk of CQ Tau, Astronomy and Astrophysics, May 2003, 403: 323–328, Bibcode:2003A&A...403..323T, S2CID 14936233, arXiv:astro-ph/0303420 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030362.
6. Mora, A.; et al, EXPORT: Spectral classification and projected rotational velocities of Vega-type and pre-main sequence stars, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2001, 378 (1): 116–131, Bibcode:2001A&A...378..116M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011098 .
7. Gontcharov, G. A., Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35495 Hipparcos stars in a common system, Astronomy Letters, November 2006, 32 (11): 759–771, Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G, S2CID 119231169, arXiv:1606.08053 , doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065.
8. Alecian, E.; et al, A high-resolution spectropolarimetric survey of Herbig Ae/Be stars - I. Observations and measurements, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, February 2013, 429 (2): 1001–1026, Bibcode:2013MNRAS.429.1001A, arXiv:1211.2907 , doi:10.1093/mnras/sts383.
9. Giulia Ubeira Gabellini, M.; et al, A dust and gas cavity in the disc around CQ Tau revealed by ALMA, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, July 2019, 486 (4): 4638–4654, Bibcode:2019MNRAS.486.4638U, arXiv:1905.00909 , doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1138.
10. Stassun, Keivan G.; et al, The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List, The Astronomical Journal, September 9, 2019, 158 (4): 138, Bibcode:2019AJ....158..138S, ISSN 0004-6256, arXiv:1905.10694 , doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467 .
11. Bochanski, John J.; et al, Fundamental Properties of Co-moving Stars Observed by Gaia, The Astronomical Journal, March 13, 2018, 155 (4): 149, Bibcode:2018AJ....155..149B, ISSN 0004-6256, S2CID 119256051, arXiv:1801.00537 , doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaaebe.
12. CQ Tau. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文資料中心.
13. Cassar, L.; et al, Lunar Occultations of IRAS Point Sources, 1991--2000, Astrophysical Journal Supplement, March 1989, 69: 651, Bibcode:1989ApJS...69..651C, doi:10.1086/191323. See table p. 658, IRAS 05328+2443.
14. Ashbrook, J., HD 36910: a bright variable of the RW Aurigae type, Astronomical Journal, August 1950, 55: 148, Bibcode:1950AJ.....55..148A, doi:10.1086/106374.
15. Hoffmeister, Cuno, Die RW Aurigae-Sterne und ihre Nebenformen, Astronomische Nachrichten, November 1949, 278: 24, Bibcode:1949AN....278...24H, doi:10.1002/asna.19492780102 （德語）. Listed as "S 3942 Tau".
16. Herbig, G. H., Spectral Classifications for 112 Variable Stars, Astrophysical Journal, May 1960, 131: 632, Bibcode:1960ApJ...131..632H, doi:10.1086/146876.
17. Cohen, M., Infra-red observations of young stars - II. T Tauri stars and the Orion population, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1973, 161: 97, Bibcode:1973MNRAS.161...97C, doi:10.1093/mnras/161.1.97.
18. Berdyugin, A. V.; et al, Discovery of high linear polarization at brightness minima of CQ Tau, Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, August 1990, 67: 812, Bibcode:1990AZh....67..812B.
19. Herbig, G. H.; Bell, K. Robbin, Third Catalog of Emission-Line Stars of the Orion Population, Lick Observatory Bulletin (Santa Cruz), Jun 1988, 1111, Bibcode:1988cels.book.....H.
20. The, P. S.; et al, A new catalogue of members and candidate members of the Herbig Ae/Be (HAEBE) stellar group, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement, April 1994, 104: 315–339, Bibcode:1994A&AS..104..315T.
21. Kozlova, O. V.; et al, The Accretion Activity of the Ae Herbig Star CQ Tau, Astronomy Reports, January 2000, 44 (1): 36–44, Bibcode:2000ARep...44...36K, S2CID 120162969, doi:10.1134/1.163821.
22. Uyama, Taichi; et al, Near-infrared Imaging of a Spiral in the CQ Tau Disk, The Astronomical Journal, March 2020, 159 (3): 9, Bibcode:2020AJ....159..118U, S2CID 204743781, arXiv:1910.07605 , doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab7006, 118.
23. Testi, L.; et al, Constraints on Properties of the Protoplanetary Disks around UX Orionis and CQ Tauri, The Astrophysical Journal, June 2001, 554 (2): 1087–1094, Bibcode:2001ApJ...554.1087T, S2CID 119351472, arXiv:astro-ph/0102473 , doi:10.1086/321406.
24. Banzatti, A.; et al, New constraints on dust grain size and distribution in CQ Tauri, Astronomy and Astrophysics, January 2011, 525: A12, Bibcode:2011A&A...525A..12B, S2CID 43056575, arXiv:1009.2697 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015206, A12.
25. Trotta, F.; et al, Constraints on the radial distribution of the dust properties in the CQ Tauri protoplanetary disk, Astronomy & Astrophysics, October 2013, 558: A64, Bibcode:2013A&A...558A..64T, S2CID 12042360, arXiv:1308.5070 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321896, A64.
26. Dodin, A. V.; Suslina, E. A., Inhomogeneous dust eclipses in young stars: the case of CQ Tauri, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, June 2021, 503 (4): 5704–5714, Bibcode:2021MNRAS.503.5704D, arXiv:2102.08911 , doi:10.1093/mnras/stab487.
27. Hammond, Iain; Christiaens, Valentin; Price, Daniel J.; Ubeira-Gabellini, Maria Giulia; Baird, Jennifer; Calcino, Josh; Benisty, Myriam; Lodato, Giuseppe; Testi, Leonardo; Pinte, Christophe; Toci, Claudia; Fedele, Davide, External or internal companion exciting the spiral arms in CQ Tau?, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2022, 515 (4): 6109–6121, arXiv:2207.08587 , doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2119

進階讀物

• Safonov, Boris S.; et al, Apparent Motion of the Circumstellar Envelope of CQ Tau in Scattered Light, The Astronomical Journal, January 2022, 163 (1): 31, Bibcode:2022AJ....163...31S, S2CID 242757117, arXiv:2111.02726 , doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac36cb, 31.
• Wölfer, L.; et al, A highly non-Keplerian protoplanetary disc. Spiral structure in the gas disc of CQ Tau, Astronomy & Astrophysics, April 2021, 648, Bibcode:2021A&A...648A..19W, S2CID 228064514, arXiv:2012.04680 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039469, A19.
• Assani, K., Variability in the Gas and Dust Emission of the UX Orioni Star CQ Tau, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, January 2020, 52 (1), Bibcode:2020AAS...23545101A.
• Ubeira Gabellini, Maria Giulia, The gas and dust disk around the CQ Tau pre-main sequence star, Protoplanetary disks seen through the eyes of new-generation high-resolution instruments. Proceedings of the conference held 25–28 June 2018 in Rome, Italy, December 2018: 30, Bibcode:2018ppd..confE..30U, doi:10.5281/zenodo.1893261.
• Tax, Tomáš, Asymmetric CQ-Tau Transition Disk at High Angular Resolution, Take a Closer Look, 15–19 October 2018 in ESO-HQ, Garching b. München, Germany, November 2018: 112, Bibcode:2018tcl..confE.112T, doi:10.5281/zenodo.1488994.
• Shenavrin, V. I.; et al, Photometric activity of UX Ori stars and related objects in the near infrared and visual. BF Ori, CQ Tau, WW Vul, and SV Cep, Astronomy Reports, May 2012, 56 (5): 379–394, Bibcode:2012ARep...56..379S, S2CID 255200894, doi:10.1134/S1063772912040063.
• Chapillon, E.; et al, C I observations in the CQ Tauri proto-planetary disk: evidence of a very low gas-to-dust ratio?, Astronomy and Astrophysics, September 2010, 520: A61, Bibcode:2010A&A...520A..61C, S2CID 119177523, arXiv:1006.5244 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014841, A61.
• Chapillon, E.; et al, Charbonnel, C.; et al , 編, Disks around CQ Tau and MWC 758: Dense PDRs or gas dispersal?, SF2A-2008: Proceedings of the Annual meeting of the French Society of Astronomy and Astrophysics, November 2008: 303, Bibcode:2008sf2a.conf..303C.
• Kozlova, O. V.; et al, Structure of the inner region of the accretion disk of the Herbig Ae star CQ Tau based on long-term monitoring data, Astrophysics, January 2007, 50 (1): 26–39, Bibcode:2007Ap.....50...26K, S2CID 120401305, doi:10.1007/s10511-007-0004-z.
• Doucet, C.; et al, Mid-infrared imaging of the circumstellar dust around three Herbig Ae stars: HD 135344, CQ Tau, and HD 163296, Astronomy and Astrophysics, December 2006, 460 (1): 117–124, Bibcode:2006A&A...460..117D, S2CID 1722324, arXiv:astro-ph/0608615 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054371.
• Shakhovskoj, D. N.; et al, Analysis of the Historical Light Curve of the UX Ori Star CQ Tau, Astrophysics, April 2005, 48 (2): 135–142, Bibcode:2005Ap.....48..135S, S2CID 121443460, doi:10.1007/s10511-005-0014-7.
• Shakhovskoy, D. N.; et al, Variations of Effective Size of Dust Grains in CQ Tau, Protostars and Planets V, Proceedings of the Conference held October 24–28, 2005, in Hilton Waikoloa Village, Hawai'i. LPI Contribution No. 1286 (1286), 2005, (1286): 8119, Bibcode:2005prpl.conf.8119S.
• Minikulov, N. Kh.; et al, Investigation of light curves of young irregular variables. 1. SV CEP and CQ Tau, Astrofizika, 1993, 36: 55–60, Bibcode:1993Afz....36...55M.
• Polosukhina, N. S.; Lebedeva, L., Polarization and Brightness Variations of the Magnetic Variable HD 215441, Soviet Astronomy, December 1966, 10: 407, Bibcode:1966SvA....10..407P.